状语和状语从句[下学期]
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课件29张PPT。状语与状语从句1. 状语常由副词、形容词、介词词组、非谓语动词和状语从句担任。
Luckily enough, his stepmother was kind to him.
He stood there, unable to speak.
He sat down at the desk and began to go through the files.
I stood there, astonished by the dangerous performance.
Walking along the shore, they felt comfortable.
The ice is too thin to skate on. 状语可分为九种：目的状语
原因状语
结果状语
时间状语
地点状语
方式状语
让步状语
程度状语
条件状语In order to get there in time, we …Inspired by his words, the boy …He rushed into the room to find that Having finished the work, he went The news spread over the world.He spoke in a low voice.Though clever, he is lazy.He is far taller than I.If I were you, I would say yes.The types of adverbial clauses:1. When we came we found they had left.
2. Where there is a will, there is a way.
3. If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic.
4. Since everyone is here, let’s begin our class.
5. Though it was very late, the workers were continuing their work. 1. 时间状语从句2 地点状语从句3 条件状语从句4 原因状语从句5 让步状语从句6. The horse is not so weighty as the elephant.
7. The students reviewed the lessons as the teacher told them to.
8. Let’s get up early so that we can arrive at the airport on time.
9. They worked there so carefully that they didn’t notice I was passing by.
6.比较状语从句7 方式状语从句8 目的状语从句9 结果状语从句1。 时间状语从句1. While I was sitting there, he told me an interesting story.2. The play went on until the candles went out.3. We didn’t begin our meeting until the chairman came.4.How have you been since I saw you last?5. Hardly had we gathered in the wheat when it began to rain.=We had hardly…6.I came to the house the moment he was about to leave.7. We talked as we walked. It is four years since we met last.It is four years since I was a League member.
It is ten years since I lived there. when,while,as, before, after, since, till, until, immediately, directly, as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly… when,every time, each time, the moment,…1-2 时态呼应：1-1 时间状语从句的引导词：A.while引导的从句中谓语动词必须是能够延续的动词B.since引导的从句用过去时，主句用现在完成时。C. As soon as, no sooner than, hardly…when引导的从句中谓语动词要用过去完成时。She listened closely while he read.How long has it been since you were in London?Hardly had I opened the door when he hit me.2 地点状语从句1. Where there is water, there is living things.
2. Wherever they went, they were warmly welcomed.
地点状语从句和where定语从句的区别：The two rivers meet ____ there is a mount.
where B.at the place
C.the place at which D. at whichA.whereTips: 介词+which 代替只有是定语从句情况下才用，判断是否是定语从句，要看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从句。判断：定语从句或状语从句？( )1.Shall we have a party where we met last Sunday?
( )2. Have you been to the island where there are many monkeys?
( )3. Please put all these books where they used to be.
( )4. We will go where we are needed most.状语定语状语状语Put into English/ Chinese:1. 通常在炼铁的地方就炼钢。
Steel is usually made where the iron (ore) is melted.
2 他迫切地要到困难最大的地方去。
He is eager to go where the difficulties are greatest.
3 在这间房间里举行了党的第一次代表大会。
This is the room where the First National Congress of the Party was held.4. Where bees are, there is honey.
5. I’m not living where I used to be.
6. Where others are weak, he is strong.
7. Go where he tells you to go.
8. Please keep sitting where you are.
9. Keep him where you can see him.
10. Take him where it’s quiet.
11. Cross the stream where it is shallowest.
12. I shall meet you where I first met you.
13. Don’t put the medicine where the kids can get it. 14. They have gone where the police can’t get them.
15. Can Jack succeed where others failed?3.条件状语从句-the adverbial clause of condition1. If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go camping.
2. Unless he writes me back, I;’ll not write him again.
3. So long as we work hard, we are sure to make much progress.
4.Supposing we can’t get him informed in advance, what should we do?
5. I’ll come provided I am well enough.
6. Shylock agreed to lend Antonio the money on condition that Shylock could take a pound of his flesh from whatever part of his body…3-1.引导条件状语从句的词： if, unless, so/as long as, provided, supposing, on condition that…, in case3-2 这些词不能引导虚拟语气的条件从句，只有if 可以引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句。
If I were you, I would say “yes”.
If you had been here earlier, you would have met the famous singer.
If he studies hard now, he would be a college student soon.if, if only 引导的条件状语从句中会出现陈述语气和虚拟语气.(使用时注意上下文的限制及语气.)If alive, her mother must be at least eighty years of age.
The fish would live quite a week if given water.
What would Tom think of him if he failed?
If anything had happened, he would have let her know
If I were you, I would go to night school.
If only he had seen me!
If the photograph weren’t missing.
If he didn’t drive so fast.4.原因状语从句-the adv.clause of reason1. Because it was getting dark, we hurried.
2. As I knew he was ill, I didn’t call.
3. Since his method doesn’t work, let’s try yours.
4. The electric current must have been turned off, for the light went out.
陈述间接的、推测性的原因， 不放句首as, since与now that 意思相近
for: 表示前后推理关系。It must have rained last night,
for the ground was all wet.
because: 语气最强烈，在回答why 问题或在强调结构中必须用because。In case1, I’ll take my raincoat in case it rains.
2. Take your umbrella in case it rains.(lest)
3. In case it rains, do not expect me.Clause of cause,,=because it may rainClause of aim,=for fear (that) it should rainClause of condition,=if it rains=Do not expect me on condition that it rains.Please fill in the blanks with because, since, as or for: 5.The light went out, _________ the electric current was turned off.
6. ______ everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
7. I can’t go, ______ I am busy.
becauseSinceas断电是灯灭的直接原因。既然… …，前后是推理关系。由于我太忙。5. 让步状语从句1.Though/ Although he tried hard, he was not successful.
2. He did well in his examination, even if he didn’t get a price.
3. However hard he tried, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
4. Whether he works or not, I don’t think he will pass his exam.
5. Whatever you may say, I still think I did the right thing.
6. No matter whether you agree or not, I shall pay him the price he asks. 5-1 让步状语从句一般由如下的词或词组引导：though, although, even though, even if, whatever, whenever, however(+ adj.), whether…or not, no matter whether… or not.5-2 even if & even though
A. Even if we achieve great success
in our work, we should not be proud.
B. Even though he was late, he was not
criticized by the teacher.A.引导把握不大或假设的事情B.引出的是事实 5-3: 让步状语从句的其他结构：
1. It doesn’t matter what you say, I shall go to the dance.
2. Poor as he was (=Though he was poor) , he was honest. 3. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
4. Much as I admire him as a writer (Though I admire him a great deal), I do not like him as a man.
5. Try as he will (Try as he may= Though he tries hard), he never seems able to do the work well.
6. Though beaten (Though we were beaten ), we were not disgraced
7. Though no swimmer( Though Mary was no swimmer), Mary splashed about happily in the sea.6 比较状语从句 A. ….as…as… B. ….er than… C. the more…the more…1. He runs faster than _____.
2. He is taller than ______.
3. This work is not _____ easy as you think.
4. That question was not _____ an easy one as I thought.
5. The more you work, the more you earn.
6. The sooner you finish your work, the sooner you will go home.
7. The more, the merrier.
Ime/ Iso(as)suchThe room is twice as big as that one.The room is twice bigger than that one.
The room is twice the size of that one.倍数+the depth/height/width/weight of … The well is three times the depth of
that one.7 方式状语从句1. Henry did the work as it ought to be done.
2. When I get the money I shall spend it as I like.
3. I shall do the exercises as I have been taught.
4. He ran as if / though his life depended on it.
5. You look as if you had seen a ghost.8 目的状语从句 & 9 结果状语从句1. We got up early so that we could arrive at the town on time.
2. We got up so early that we arrived at the town on time.
3. He worked hard, so that he made much progress.目的状语从句，从句的谓语动词有can, may 之类的词。结果状语从句，从句中谓语动词一般是一个事实。结果状语从句，从句前有一个逗号。8目的状语从句 9 结果状语从句引导目的状语从句的引导词：
So that,
in order that,
引导结果状语从句的引导词：
So ….that,
So that,
Such…that…Put into Chinese:
1. Some people eat so that they may live.
2. He worked hard so that he might win the prize.
3. He took off his shoes, so that I shouldn’t hear him.
4. He worked late last night so that he might be free to go away tomorrow.
5.He ran so fast that I could not catch him.
6. It was such a warm day that I took off my jacket.(=It was so warm a day….)
7. I received my wages yesterday, so that I can now pay what I owe you.as 的多种用法:
Please fly the kite as the teacher does.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
He didn’t come to the meeting, as he didn’t receive the note.
They talked and laughed as they were having their dinner.
Things are getting better and better as time goes on.
This park is as large as that one.
As is known to everyone, the earth is bigger than the moon.
方式让步
原因
时间
时间（随着)
比较
定语从句
Thank you!
Luckily enough, his stepmother was kind to him.
He stood there, unable to speak.
He sat down at the desk and began to go through the files.
I stood there, astonished by the dangerous performance.
Walking along the shore, they felt comfortable.
The ice is too thin to skate on. 状语可分为九种：目的状语
原因状语
结果状语
时间状语
地点状语
方式状语
让步状语
程度状语
条件状语In order to get there in time, we …Inspired by his words, the boy …He rushed into the room to find that Having finished the work, he went The news spread over the world.He spoke in a low voice.Though clever, he is lazy.He is far taller than I.If I were you, I would say yes.The types of adverbial clauses:1. When we came we found they had left.
2. Where there is a will, there is a way.
3. If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic.
4. Since everyone is here, let’s begin our class.
5. Though it was very late, the workers were continuing their work. 1. 时间状语从句2 地点状语从句3 条件状语从句4 原因状语从句5 让步状语从句6. The horse is not so weighty as the elephant.
7. The students reviewed the lessons as the teacher told them to.
8. Let’s get up early so that we can arrive at the airport on time.
9. They worked there so carefully that they didn’t notice I was passing by.
6.比较状语从句7 方式状语从句8 目的状语从句9 结果状语从句1。 时间状语从句1. While I was sitting there, he told me an interesting story.2. The play went on until the candles went out.3. We didn’t begin our meeting until the chairman came.4.How have you been since I saw you last?5. Hardly had we gathered in the wheat when it began to rain.=We had hardly…6.I came to the house the moment he was about to leave.7. We talked as we walked. It is four years since we met last.It is four years since I was a League member.
It is ten years since I lived there. when,while,as, before, after, since, till, until, immediately, directly, as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly… when,every time, each time, the moment,…1-2 时态呼应：1-1 时间状语从句的引导词：A.while引导的从句中谓语动词必须是能够延续的动词B.since引导的从句用过去时，主句用现在完成时。C. As soon as, no sooner than, hardly…when引导的从句中谓语动词要用过去完成时。She listened closely while he read.How long has it been since you were in London?Hardly had I opened the door when he hit me.2 地点状语从句1. Where there is water, there is living things.
2. Wherever they went, they were warmly welcomed.
地点状语从句和where定语从句的区别：The two rivers meet ____ there is a mount.
where B.at the place
C.the place at which D. at whichA.whereTips: 介词+which 代替只有是定语从句情况下才用，判断是否是定语从句，要看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从句。判断：定语从句或状语从句？( )1.Shall we have a party where we met last Sunday?
( )2. Have you been to the island where there are many monkeys?
( )3. Please put all these books where they used to be.
( )4. We will go where we are needed most.状语定语状语状语Put into English/ Chinese:1. 通常在炼铁的地方就炼钢。
Steel is usually made where the iron (ore) is melted.
2 他迫切地要到困难最大的地方去。
He is eager to go where the difficulties are greatest.
3 在这间房间里举行了党的第一次代表大会。
This is the room where the First National Congress of the Party was held.4. Where bees are, there is honey.
5. I’m not living where I used to be.
6. Where others are weak, he is strong.
7. Go where he tells you to go.
8. Please keep sitting where you are.
9. Keep him where you can see him.
10. Take him where it’s quiet.
11. Cross the stream where it is shallowest.
12. I shall meet you where I first met you.
13. Don’t put the medicine where the kids can get it. 14. They have gone where the police can’t get them.
15. Can Jack succeed where others failed?3.条件状语从句-the adverbial clause of condition1. If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go camping.
2. Unless he writes me back, I;’ll not write him again.
3. So long as we work hard, we are sure to make much progress.
4.Supposing we can’t get him informed in advance, what should we do?
5. I’ll come provided I am well enough.
6. Shylock agreed to lend Antonio the money on condition that Shylock could take a pound of his flesh from whatever part of his body…3-1.引导条件状语从句的词： if, unless, so/as long as, provided, supposing, on condition that…, in case3-2 这些词不能引导虚拟语气的条件从句，只有if 可以引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句。
If I were you, I would say “yes”.
If you had been here earlier, you would have met the famous singer.
If he studies hard now, he would be a college student soon.if, if only 引导的条件状语从句中会出现陈述语气和虚拟语气.(使用时注意上下文的限制及语气.)If alive, her mother must be at least eighty years of age.
The fish would live quite a week if given water.
What would Tom think of him if he failed?
If anything had happened, he would have let her know
If I were you, I would go to night school.
If only he had seen me!
If the photograph weren’t missing.
If he didn’t drive so fast.4.原因状语从句-the adv.clause of reason1. Because it was getting dark, we hurried.
2. As I knew he was ill, I didn’t call.
3. Since his method doesn’t work, let’s try yours.
4. The electric current must have been turned off, for the light went out.
陈述间接的、推测性的原因， 不放句首as, since与now that 意思相近
for: 表示前后推理关系。It must have rained last night,
for the ground was all wet.
because: 语气最强烈，在回答why 问题或在强调结构中必须用because。In case1, I’ll take my raincoat in case it rains.
2. Take your umbrella in case it rains.(lest)
3. In case it rains, do not expect me.Clause of cause,,=because it may rainClause of aim,=for fear (that) it should rainClause of condition,=if it rains=Do not expect me on condition that it rains.Please fill in the blanks with because, since, as or for: 5.The light went out, _________ the electric current was turned off.
6. ______ everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
7. I can’t go, ______ I am busy.
becauseSinceas断电是灯灭的直接原因。既然… …，前后是推理关系。由于我太忙。5. 让步状语从句1.Though/ Although he tried hard, he was not successful.
2. He did well in his examination, even if he didn’t get a price.
3. However hard he tried, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
4. Whether he works or not, I don’t think he will pass his exam.
5. Whatever you may say, I still think I did the right thing.
6. No matter whether you agree or not, I shall pay him the price he asks. 5-1 让步状语从句一般由如下的词或词组引导：though, although, even though, even if, whatever, whenever, however(+ adj.), whether…or not, no matter whether… or not.5-2 even if & even though
A. Even if we achieve great success
in our work, we should not be proud.
B. Even though he was late, he was not
criticized by the teacher.A.引导把握不大或假设的事情B.引出的是事实 5-3: 让步状语从句的其他结构：
1. It doesn’t matter what you say, I shall go to the dance.
2. Poor as he was (=Though he was poor) , he was honest. 3. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
4. Much as I admire him as a writer (Though I admire him a great deal), I do not like him as a man.
5. Try as he will (Try as he may= Though he tries hard), he never seems able to do the work well.
6. Though beaten (Though we were beaten ), we were not disgraced
7. Though no swimmer( Though Mary was no swimmer), Mary splashed about happily in the sea.6 比较状语从句 A. ….as…as… B. ….er than… C. the more…the more…1. He runs faster than _____.
2. He is taller than ______.
3. This work is not _____ easy as you think.
4. That question was not _____ an easy one as I thought.
5. The more you work, the more you earn.
6. The sooner you finish your work, the sooner you will go home.
7. The more, the merrier.
Ime/ Iso(as)suchThe room is twice as big as that one.The room is twice bigger than that one.
The room is twice the size of that one.倍数+the depth/height/width/weight of … The well is three times the depth of
that one.7 方式状语从句1. Henry did the work as it ought to be done.
2. When I get the money I shall spend it as I like.
3. I shall do the exercises as I have been taught.
4. He ran as if / though his life depended on it.
5. You look as if you had seen a ghost.8 目的状语从句 & 9 结果状语从句1. We got up early so that we could arrive at the town on time.
2. We got up so early that we arrived at the town on time.
3. He worked hard, so that he made much progress.目的状语从句，从句的谓语动词有can, may 之类的词。结果状语从句，从句中谓语动词一般是一个事实。结果状语从句，从句前有一个逗号。8目的状语从句 9 结果状语从句引导目的状语从句的引导词：
So that,
in order that,
引导结果状语从句的引导词：
So ….that,
So that,
Such…that…Put into Chinese:
1. Some people eat so that they may live.
2. He worked hard so that he might win the prize.
3. He took off his shoes, so that I shouldn’t hear him.
4. He worked late last night so that he might be free to go away tomorrow.
5.He ran so fast that I could not catch him.
6. It was such a warm day that I took off my jacket.(=It was so warm a day….)
7. I received my wages yesterday, so that I can now pay what I owe you.as 的多种用法:
Please fly the kite as the teacher does.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
He didn’t come to the meeting, as he didn’t receive the note.
They talked and laughed as they were having their dinner.
Things are getting better and better as time goes on.
This park is as large as that one.
As is known to everyone, the earth is bigger than the moon.
方式让步
原因
时间
时间（随着)
比较
定语从句
Thank you!