NMET Specialized Revision on Proof-reading
高考英语专题复习之
短文改错
一，考点分布
1．词法： 动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词及情态动词的用法（尤其是时态与非谓语动词）；名词、代词的数和格；冠词的基本用法；形容词、副词的比较等级；主谓一致和其它的一致关系；连词、关系词的使用等。
2．句法：简单句、复合句、否定句、疑问句、省略、替代等；转折、时间的顺序、数量的增减以及因果的倒置等。
二，错误类型分析
短文改错的错误类型相对稳定，通常错词为六行，多词和漏词共三行，正确为一行。
漏词
句中漏掉了必不可少的词语，导致句子结构和意义不完整。这些词多为功能词，如系动词be、冠词、物主代词、介词及不定式符号?to等。
例1 I looked at the orange drunk and decided I couldn’t face it, so I hid the glass behind a pile magazines.（NMET2005天津）
析：a pile加of才能接名词，故在pile后加of 。
例2 The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me. (NMET 2000)
析：可数名词前应有限定词修饰，根据文意应为my English teacher 。
例3 I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home and…. (NMET 2005 全国卷III)
析：journey应为可数名词，故在pleasant前加a 。
例4 My parents love me dearly of course and will do what they can make sure that I get a good education. (NMET 2001)
析：本句中can后省掉了与前面相同的实义动词do，后面的不定式to make作状语，故应在make前加to 。
多词
多词错误是指受汉语的干扰和影响，而出现汉语表达方式造成冗言，这些词多为冠词、介词、代词或连词等。
例1 Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (NMET 2000)
析：catch sight of 为固定词组，意为“看到”，故将不定冠词a去掉。
例2 But we don’t seem to get much time to talk about together. (NMET 2001)
析：句中未交代谈话内容，介词about是多余的，去掉。
例3 I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. (NMET 2000春)
析：all 与whole连用造成语意重复，去掉 all 。
例4 In some places you may borrow as many books as you want; in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. (NMET 1994)
析：此句是简单句，不含有定语从句，in other places是句子的地点状语，去掉where 。
例5 Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. (NMET2005全国)
析：情态动词后接动词原形，去掉to 。
错词
错词原因很多，归纳起来，有以下几个方面：
时态、语态误用
例1 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei…The time passes quickly. (NMET 2002)
析：原文讲的是上周游览峨眉山，所以passes改为passed 。
例2 I knocked at the door and was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the door…(NMET 2005江西)
析：delighting改为delighted
2）非谓语动词误用
例 I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort. (NMET 2002)
析：动词原形不能作主语，应将watch改为watching 。
3）主谓是否一致、主语和代词是否一致
例1 Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (NMET 2000)
析：句中my picture and the prize 为并列主语，谓语动词应用复数，将is改为 are。
例2 The Smiths did his best to make me at home. (NMET 1996)
析：句中的主语为复数（the Smiths=史密斯夫妇或一家人），与之相应的人称代词his应改为their 。
4）形容词和副词（比较等级）的误用
例1 We hope you’ll teach us a lot many songs in the future. (NMET2005山东)
析：聚会上学习了歌曲，希望学得更多。应改many为more
例2 After learning the basic of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me (NMET 2000春)
析：连系动词后要用形容词，故将practically改为 practical 。
5）连接词的误用
例1 The food was expensive and the service was good. (NMET 2002)
析：The food was expensive与the service was good 是转折关系，不是并列关系，故应将and改为 but.
例2 I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends that a great time I had. (NMET 1996)
析：此句中含一个感叹句作told的宾语，故应将that改为what才正确。
6) 思维定势的干扰
例 I also enjoyed the evening when we spent together .(NMET1995)
析：尽管evening是时间名词，但是spend是及物动词，需要关系代词作宾语，故应将when改为that或者将when去掉。
7）句式结构中平行、并列关系混乱
例1 I still remember going there early and felt anxious about the new world.(NMET2005辽宁)
析：句中going与feeling平行。
例2 As we climbed the mountains, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(NMET2002)
析：句中用了三个并列的谓语动词，故应将visiting改为visited.
8）行文逻辑错误
例 … selling the TV set. Now someone at home reads instead. (NMET 1999)
析 根据上下文可知，电视机卖掉以后，全家人都看书，所以将someone改为everyone 。
三，解题思路点拨
下面我们就2005年全国高考英语短文改错来谈谈解题技巧。
There are advantage for students to work 76. ____________
while studying at school. One of them was 77. ____________
that they can earn money. For the most part, 78. ____________
students working to earn money for their 79. ____________
own use. Earning their own money allow 80. ____________
them to spend on anything as if they please. 81. ____________
They would have to ask their parents for 82. ____________
money or for permission to do things by 83 .____________
the money. Some students may also to save 84. ____________
up for our college or future use. 85. _____________
注意语篇环境，侧重语法分析
首先，要认真阅读全文，弄懂文意，了解文章所创设的语言环境，为正确判断创造条件。做题时，要避免：“只见树木，不见森林”的现象。眼光不能只盯在单句上，而是要跨越句子层次，从整体的角度，从语篇的角度来分析考虑问题。如第82题，如果眼光只局限于当前句，恐怕就很难发现错误。做题思考的切入点应放在语法分析上。如第79题就应从句子结构分析入手。
2．注意若干一致性问题
一致性问题也是短文改错题常见的测试点。尤其要注意平行和并列结构。在做题的过程中，主要查看的一致关系包括主谓是否一致，代词与所指代物是否一致，比较对象和范围是否一致，时态是否呼应，逻辑和语篇结构是否一致等。如：
Between the two buildings stand a hospital.
分析： stand改为stands，此句为倒装句子，主语应改为hospital，而非buildings。
又如：Both of his parents were ill, so he sent for a doctor to see him.
分析：him改为them。父母是两人，应用them来代。
再如本题，从全局考虑，我们就可以发现许多一致性问题。 76题、80题主谓不一致；77题的was与全文时态不一致；85题人称不一致。
3．注意词的形式的误用
动词要查看时态、语态、非谓语形式是否误用；名词查看单复数是否误用；冠词要查看是否漏掉或误用；介词要查看搭配是否误用；形容词、副词要查看三级及相互之间是否误用。
如：She looked angrily at the news on the radio.
分析：angrily改为angry。 “at the news”相当于 “on hearing the news”, 故looked为连系动词，后面要求接形容词。
再如： A 18-meter-long bridge will be built here.
分析：A改为 an。“18”的英语读音以元音开头。
再如本题76题为名词复数误用单数，84题误用动词不定式。
4．注意从（分）句的连接是否恰当
要注意那些表示因果、让步、递进、转折、并列等关系的连接词使用是否恰当，是否有遗漏或误用现象， 如：He knows a lot about radio, and he is young.
分析：and改为though。后面意义转折。再如本题81题as 误用为as if。
5．注意行文逻辑、一般常识及固定搭配
逻辑方面的错误，应该从语境的角度来考虑。
如： He hardly did physical exercise, so he became as strong as a horse.
分析：so改为but。既然几乎不进行体育锻炼，又怎么会强壮如牛呢？前后矛盾。
又如：It’s two years since his husband died.
分析：his改为her。 “他”怎么会有“husband”呢？
固定搭配，只要平时记熟，改出来应该是不会难的。例如：第83题，如果你知道“用钱”介词搭配为with the money， 改出来应该不成问题的。
四，真题训练
2004年高考浙江卷
Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a 1. _______________
hobby which is both interested and fun. And every year 2. _______________
more and more people start a stamp collection of your own 3. _______________
and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. Starting 4. _______________
your collection of stamps are easy because they are everywhere. 5. _______________
Holiday and birthday postcards from relatives and letters 6. _______________
from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over 7. _______________
the world. So once you’ve started collecting seriously, you 8. _______________
will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors’ Club 9. _______________
which exist to add more stamps to your collection. 10. _______________
2005高考浙江卷
At first I was not quite willing to sit down and
watched the 90-minute football match. Usually I just 1. __________________
checked the results because I thought that was dull 2. __________________
to watch a game in which players kicked a ball each 3. _________________
other. Therefore, my father loves football. During the 4. _________________
World Cup in 2002, my dad stays up late just to watch 5. __________________
his favorite sport. Seeing his strong interest in this 6. __________________
game of 22 men run after a ball, I decided to sit down 7. _________________
to watch the game. I found the game excited, and my 8. __________________
dad explained for the rules. We shared our joy. Football 9. ___________________
is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad! 10. _________________
五，短文改错应注意的几个问题
1．整句理解，分行搜索
短文改错的命题形式是在文章的后面划出标有题号的10行横线供我们作答。10行的划线与句子的始末并非一致。也就是说，短文改错是以句为阅读单位，以行为解题单位。这就要求我们在解题时按句子整体理解上下文，在同一行仔细搜索，判断正误。
复读检查，前后贯通
将所改答案放入文中通读一遍，依靠平时积累的词语、语法和惯用法知识及语感，检测修改后的文章看是否通达顺畅。复读过程中，既要重视词语、句子的字面含义，又要弄清文字段落内在的含义和逻辑关系，以及结构的完整、规范。如发现语句不通或不合逻辑，则应重新修改。
3． 注意五个不改
单词拼写不改；大小写不改：次序错误不改（应从错词或少词方面去考虑）；标点符号不改，可改可不改的不改。
4． 注意解题规范
要严格按照示范规定的符号改错，切勿离开文后的10道横线在原文的字里行间勾勾划划、涂涂改改。要记住，“√”、“—”、“∧”、“”、分别代表正确无误、错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除，切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。如以下做法是错误的，在高考中是要扣分的：
1. Many people are like sports all over the world. 去掉are
2. Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives.
Therefore 改为 However
3. I got lost and had to ask a policeman for help. 正确
4. But how sleep do we actually need? 在sleep 前加much
真题训练
2004年高考浙江卷
Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a 1. _______________
hobby which is both interested and fun. And every year 2. _______________
more and more people start a stamp collection of your own 3. _______________
and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. Starting 4. _______________
your collection of stamps are easy because they are everywhere. 5. _______________
Holiday and birthday postcards from relatives and letters 6. _______________
from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over 7. _______________
the world. So once you’ve started collecting seriously, you 8. _______________
will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors’ Club 9. _______________
which exist to add more stamps to your collection. 10. _______________
2005高考浙江卷
At first I was not quite willing to sit down and
watched the 90-minute football match. Usually I just 1. __________________
checked the results because I thought that was dull 2. __________________
to watch a game in which players kicked a ball each 3. _________________
other. Therefore, my father loves football. During the 4. _________________
World Cup in 2002, my dad stays up late just to watch 5. __________________
his favorite sport. Seeing his strong interest in this 6. __________________
game of 22 men run after a ball, I decided to sit down 7. _________________
to watch the game. I found the game excited, and my 8. __________________
dad explained for the rules. We shared our joy. Football 9. ___________________
is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad! 10. _________________
2005年全国高考英语短文改错
There are advantage for students to work 76. ____________
while studying at school. One of them was 77. ____________
that they can earn money. For the most part, 78. ____________
students working to earn money for their 79. ____________
own use. Earning their own money allow 80. ____________
them to spend on anything as if they please. 81. ____________
They would have to ask their parents for 82. ____________
money or for permission to do things by 83 .____________
the money. Some students may also to save 84. ____________
up for our college or future use. 85. _____________
课件33张PPT。Welcome to This Class!舟山中学 刘茂林
NMET Specialized Revision on Proof-reading
高考英语专题复习之
短文改错
一 考点分布 1．词法： 动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词及情态动词的用法（尤其是时态与非谓语动词）；名词、代词的数和格；冠词的基本用法；形容词、副词的比较等级；主谓一致和其它的一致关系；连词、关系词的使用等。2．句法：简单句、复合句、否定句、疑问句、省略、替代等；转折、时间的顺序、数量的增减以及因果的倒置等。二 错误类型分析 1. 漏词例1 I looked at the orange drink and decided I couldn’t face it, so I hid the glass behind a pile magazines. (NMET 2005 天津) 例2 The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me. (NMET 2000) of 二 错误类型分析 1. 漏词例3 I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home and…. (NMET 2005 全国卷III)
例4 My parents love me dearly of course and will do what they can make sure that I get a good education. (NMET 2001)
二 错误类型分析 2.多词 例1 Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (NMET 2000) 例2 But we don’t seem to get much time to talk about together. (NMET 2001) 二 错误类型分析 2.多词 例3 I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. (NMET 2000春) 例4 In some places you may borrow as many books as you want; in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. 例5 Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. (NMET2005全国)
二 错误类型分析 3.错词 1) 时态、语态误用 例1 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei…The time passes quickly.(NMET2002)
passed例2 I knocked at the door and was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the door….
(NMET 2005 江西)
delighted二 错误类型分析 3.错词
2）非谓语动词误用
例 I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort. (NMET 2002)
watching二 错误类型分析 3.错词3）主谓是否一致、主语和代词是否一致 例1 Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (NMET 2000)
are例2 The Smiths did his best to make me at home. their二 错误类型分析 3.错词
4）形容词和副词（比较等级）的误用
例1 We hope you’ll teach us a lot many songs in the future. (NMET 2005 山东)
例2 After learning the basic of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me (NMET 2000春)
practicalmore二 错误类型分析 3.错词
5）连接词的误用 例1 The food was expensive and the service was good. (NMET 2002)
but例2 I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends that a great time I had. what二 错误类型分析 3.错词
6) 思维定势的干扰
例 I also enjoyed the evening when we spent together
thatI also enjoyed the evening when we spent together
二 错误类型分析 3.错词
7）句式结构中平行、并列关系混乱
例1 I still remember going there early and felt anxious about the new world. (NMET 2005 辽宁)
feeling例2 As we climbed the mountains, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(NMET2002)
visited二 错误类型分析 3.错词
8）行文逻辑错误 例 …by selling the TV set. Now someone at home reads instead.
everyone三 解题思路点拨 There are advantage for students to work 76. ____________
while studying at school. One of them was 77. ____________
that they can earn money. For the most part, 78. ____________
students working to earn money for their 79. ____________
own use. Earning their own money allow 80. ____________
them to spend on anything as if they please. 81. ____________
They would have to ask their parents for 82. ____________
money or for permission to do things by 83 .____________
the money. Some students may also to save 84. ____________
up for our college or future use. 85. _____________
三 解题思路点拨1.注意语篇环境，侧重语法分析 三 解题思路点拨 There are advantage for students to work 76. ____________
while studying at school. One of them was 77. ____________
that they can earn money. For the most part, 78. ____________
students working to earn money for their 79. ____________
own use. Earning their own money allow 80. ____________
them to spend on anything as if they please. 81. ____________
They would have to ask their parents for 82. ____________
money or for permission to do things by 83 .____________
the money. Some students may also to save 84. ____________
up for our college or future use. 85. _____________
notwork三 解题思路点拨1.注意语篇环境，侧重语法分析 2. 注意若干一致性问题
Between the two buildings stand a hospital.
standsBoth of his parents were ill, so he sent for a doctor to see him. them三 解题思路点拨 There are advantage for students to work 76. ____________
while studying at school. One of them was 77. ____________
that they can earn money. For the most part, 78. ____________
students working to earn money for their 79. ____________
own use. Earning their own money allow 80. ____________
them to spend on anything as if they please. 81. ____________
They would have to ask their parents for 82. ____________
money or for permission to do things by 83 .____________
the money. Some students may also to save 84. ____________
up for our college or future use. 85. _____________
notworkadvantagesallowsistheir三 解题思路点拨3. 注意词的形式的误用
She looked angrily at the news on the radio. angry A 18-meter-long bridge will be built here.
an三 解题思路点拨 There are advantage for students to work 76. ____________
while studying at school. One of them was 77. ____________
that they can earn money. For the most part, 78. ____________
students working to earn money for their 79. ____________
own use. Earning their own money allow 80. ____________
them to spend on anything as if they please. 81. ____________
They would have to ask their parents for 82. ____________
money or for permission to do things by 83 .____________
the money. Some students may also to save 84. ____________
up for our college or future use. 85. _____________
notworkadvantagesallowsistheir三 解题思路点拨3. 注意词的形式的误用
She looked angrily at the news on the radio. angry A 18-meter-long bridge will be built here.
an4．注意从（分）句的连接是否恰当
He knows a lot about radio, and he is young. though三 解题思路点拨 There are advantage for students to work 76. ____________
while studying at school. One of them was 77. ____________
that they can earn money. For the most part, 78. ____________
students working to earn money for their 79. ____________
own use. Earning their own money allow 80. ____________
them to spend on anything as if they please. 81. ____________
They would have to ask their parents for 82. ____________
money or for permission to do things by 83 .____________
the money. Some students may also to save 84. ____________
up for our college or future use. 85. _____________
notworkadvantagesallowsistheir三 解题思路点拨5.注意行文逻辑、一般常识及固定搭配He hardly did physical exercise, so he became as strong as a horse. butIt’s two years since his husband died. her三 解题思路点拨 There are advantage for students to work 76. ____________
while studying at school. One of them was 77. ____________
that they can earn money. For the most part, 78. ____________
students working to earn money for their 79. ____________
own use. Earning their own money allow 80. ____________
them to spend on anything as if they please. 81. ____________
They would have to ask their parents for 82. ____________
money or for permission to do things by 83 .____________
the money. Some students may also to save 84. ____________
up for our college or future use. 85. _____________
notworkadvantagesallowsistheirwith三 解题思路点拨5.注意行文逻辑、一般常识及固定搭配He hardly did physical exercise, so he became as strong as a horse. butIt’s two years since his husband died. her四 真题训练 2004年高考浙江卷
Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a 1. ________
hobby which is both interested and fun. And every year 2. ________
more and more people start a stamp collection of your own 3. ________
and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. Starting 4. ________
your collection of stamps are easy because they are everywhere. 5. ________
Holiday and birthday postcards from relatives and letters 6. ________
from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over 7. ________
the world. So once you’ve started collecting seriously, you 8. ________
will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors’ Club 9. ________
which exist to add more stamps to your collection. 10. _______
agesinterestingtheiraiswithButexists四 真题训练 2005高考浙江卷
At first I was not quite willing to sit down and
watched the 90-minute football match. Usually I just 1. __________
checked the results because I thought that was dull 2. __________
to watch a game in which players kicked a ball each 3. __________
other. Therefore, my father loves football. During the 4. __________
World Cup in 2002, my dad stays up late just to watch 5. __________
his favorite sport. Seeing his strong interest in this 6. __________
game of 22 men run after a ball, I decided to sit down 7. __________
to watch the game. I found the game excited, and my 8. __________
dad explained for the rules. We shared our joy. Football 9. __________
is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad! 10. _________
?
watchittoHoweverstayedrunningexcitingbad 五 短文改错应注意的问题 1. 整句理解，分行搜索 2. 复读检查，前后贯通 3. 注意五个不改 单词拼写不改；大小写不改；次序错误不改（应从错词或少词方面去考虑）；标点符号不改；可改可不改的不改。
五 短文改错应注意的问题4.注意解题规范 要严格按照示范规定的符号改错，切勿离开文后的10道横线在原文的字里行间勾勾划划、涂涂改改。要记住，“√”、“—”、“∧”、“”、分别代表正确无误、错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除，切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。如以下做法是错误的，在高考中是要扣分的：
Many people are like sports all over the world. 去掉are
Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. Therefore 改为However
I got lost and had to ask a policeman for help. 正确
But how sleep do we actually need? 在sleep 前加much4.注意解题规范五 短文改错应注意的问题Wish You Success
in the Coming
Examinations!ByeBye!
