冠词[上学期]
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课件18张PPT。 高考中的初中英语语法知识
介词用法 高考中的初中英语语法知识
第二讲： 冠词1. 不定冠词a / an 的基本用法：
1） 泛指某人或某物 。如
Then an idea occurred to me.
2） 代表一类人或物 。
An elephant is heavier than a horse .
3） 用于某些词组或成语中。
As a matter of fact , I don’t like the story.2. a /an 的位置
a / an 除了位于名词短语之首之外，还有几种特例：
当名词短语中含有so as too how 这样的词时 a /an 的位置为so ( as too how ) + adj + a (an )+名词
如, so nice a girl
b) such (what )+ a(an) +adj +名词 eg. such a nice girl
c) quite (rather)+ a (an) +adj +名词 ＝ a quite(rather) + adj + 名词
d) many a+ n (可单)结构 = a lot of / many …
eg . many a student = a lot of students
3 . a (an) 的惯用法---高考考点
用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个
如: a Mr Smith
-- Can I speak to Mr Green ?
-- Sorry . There isn’t ______ Mr Smith here
2) 季节 ,日期, 三餐名词前有形容词可用 a /an.
a light / big breakfast , on a Sunday of June
3) a third ( 序数词) 表示 “又一”
4) a most + 名词(单数可数) 表示very , extremely
a most beautiful girl = a very beautiful girl 4. 定冠词the 的基本用法
1） 特指人或物 如：Dr James invented a new game .
The new game was an immediate success.( 指前面提到过的事物）
I will take you to the airport in my car .(双方都知道)
2) 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物
The dog is a useful animal .
3) 和形容词连用表示一类人。
The Red Cross emblem means service to the sick and the suffering.4) 用在文娱场所和乐器名称前。
None of them can play the piano.
5) 用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。
We want to see the Great wall with our own eyes.
6) 用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛、海湾等专有名词前。
The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific
7). 用在序数词之前。
You can take the elevator to the fourth floor .
8) 用在形容词最高级前
This is the most beautiful city I’ve ever visited.
用在天体名词前
The sun and the moon are not very far from the earth
in the universe .10) 用在表示 “一家人” 的专有名词前。
The Greens moved into our neighbourhood last Saturday.
11) 用在表示身体某部位的名词前。
John hit him in the face .
12) 用在表示方位和方向的名词前。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west .
13) 用在固定词组中 in the morning , all the same
on the contrary5. 零冠词 的惯用法。
在季节、月份、 星期、 节假日、学科、三餐、
球、棋类名词前。
2） 在称呼语、独一无二的头衔、职位的名词前。
In 1860 , Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the USA.
3） 在国名、城市名、人名、语言等名词前。4） 在专用名词（汉语拼音）开头的名词词组前。
Beijing airport Tian’an men Square
5） 在表示泛指或一般概念的物质名词/抽象名词
或复数的名词前。
Who invented music?
Man must learn to live together with animals
in harmony.
6) 表乘交通工具的短语中。by bus = on a bus,
by train = on the/a train on foot 7) 单数可数名词前不用a / an 的情况:
连系动词turn 后的单数可数名词作表语时.
After graduation from college , he turned teacher .
(= became a teacher )
As / though 引导让步状语从句表语提到句首时
Child as / though he is , he knows a lot .
但 Though he is a child , he knows a lot
man 意为“人类” ,word 意为“ 消息/音讯” 时
如, Word came that the Chinese Women Football Team won
the second prize in World Cup .4.有定冠词与无定冠词的区别
sit at table
sit at the table
be in charge of …负责…
be in the charge of 由…负责
by day
by the day
take place
take the place of
in possession of
in the possession of
in sight of 能看见
in the sight of 据… 的见解in place of 代替
In the place of 在… 的地方
be of age 成年
be of an age 同龄
take advice 征求意见
take the advice 听从劝告
It is out of question 那是毫无疑问的
＝ beyond question
It is out of the question
那是根本不可能的 for a moment go to sea 去当水手
for the moment (暂时） go to the sea 去海边
two of us
by sea the two of us
be the sea
on earth
on the earth
a number of
the number of
in hospital
in the hospital
高考重现
(2005 北京）It is often said that _____ teachers have _____ very simple life .
A. / , / B. / , a C. the , / D. the , a
2. ( 2005 山东 ) I know _____ John Lennon , but not _____ famous one .
/ a B. a the C. / the D. the a
3.(2005 湖南） I can’t remember when exactly
the Robinsons left_____ city. I only remember
it was _____ Monday .
A. The the B. a the C. a a D. the a
BBD4.（2005 辽宁 ）This book tells _______ life story of John Smith,
who left _____ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of16 .
A. The ; the B. a ; the C. the ; / D. a ; /
5. (2005 江西) If you grow up in ____ large family , you are more
likely to develop _____ ability to get on well with ____ others .
/ an the B. a the / C. the an the D. a the the
6. (2005 浙江) Mr Taylor has ______ 8-year- old daughter who
is _____ girl for painting – she has won two nation prizes .
A. a a B. an the C. an a D. the aCBC7.(2005 全国) If you go to by _____ train , you can have quite a
comfortable journey , but make sure you get ____ fast one .
A. the the B. / a C . the a D. / /
8. (2005 江苏) On May 5 , 2005 ,at ______ World Table Tennis
Championship , Kong Linghui and WangHao won the gold medal
in men’s double with ______ score of 4:1 .
A. a a B. / the C. a / D. the aBD 改错题
1. (2005 全国卷二) I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home…
2. ( 2005 天津) The next day , my mother found drink when
she was doing the housework .
3.Her sister , who is nurse , will marry one of the doctors in
the hospital.
4.It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.
5.It was raining hard , so I had to borrow a umbrella.
6. My friend Mary comes from an European country.
7. Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.
8. Only few of the children can read such books .
9.For long time neither of us spoke to each other.
10. Look, a girl in blue is my cousin .
11.Look ! a car has stopped there A car is nice.
12.The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round.
13. You don’t know what wonderful time we’ve had .
14.People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
15. Soon the plane was out of the sight.
介词用法 高考中的初中英语语法知识
第二讲： 冠词1. 不定冠词a / an 的基本用法：
1） 泛指某人或某物 。如
Then an idea occurred to me.
2） 代表一类人或物 。
An elephant is heavier than a horse .
3） 用于某些词组或成语中。
As a matter of fact , I don’t like the story.2. a /an 的位置
a / an 除了位于名词短语之首之外，还有几种特例：
当名词短语中含有so as too how 这样的词时 a /an 的位置为so ( as too how ) + adj + a (an )+名词
如, so nice a girl
b) such (what )+ a(an) +adj +名词 eg. such a nice girl
c) quite (rather)+ a (an) +adj +名词 ＝ a quite(rather) + adj + 名词
d) many a+ n (可单)结构 = a lot of / many …
eg . many a student = a lot of students
3 . a (an) 的惯用法---高考考点
用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个
如: a Mr Smith
-- Can I speak to Mr Green ?
-- Sorry . There isn’t ______ Mr Smith here
2) 季节 ,日期, 三餐名词前有形容词可用 a /an.
a light / big breakfast , on a Sunday of June
3) a third ( 序数词) 表示 “又一”
4) a most + 名词(单数可数) 表示very , extremely
a most beautiful girl = a very beautiful girl 4. 定冠词the 的基本用法
1） 特指人或物 如：Dr James invented a new game .
The new game was an immediate success.( 指前面提到过的事物）
I will take you to the airport in my car .(双方都知道)
2) 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物
The dog is a useful animal .
3) 和形容词连用表示一类人。
The Red Cross emblem means service to the sick and the suffering.4) 用在文娱场所和乐器名称前。
None of them can play the piano.
5) 用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。
We want to see the Great wall with our own eyes.
6) 用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛、海湾等专有名词前。
The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific
7). 用在序数词之前。
You can take the elevator to the fourth floor .
8) 用在形容词最高级前
This is the most beautiful city I’ve ever visited.
用在天体名词前
The sun and the moon are not very far from the earth
in the universe .10) 用在表示 “一家人” 的专有名词前。
The Greens moved into our neighbourhood last Saturday.
11) 用在表示身体某部位的名词前。
John hit him in the face .
12) 用在表示方位和方向的名词前。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west .
13) 用在固定词组中 in the morning , all the same
on the contrary5. 零冠词 的惯用法。
在季节、月份、 星期、 节假日、学科、三餐、
球、棋类名词前。
2） 在称呼语、独一无二的头衔、职位的名词前。
In 1860 , Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the USA.
3） 在国名、城市名、人名、语言等名词前。4） 在专用名词（汉语拼音）开头的名词词组前。
Beijing airport Tian’an men Square
5） 在表示泛指或一般概念的物质名词/抽象名词
或复数的名词前。
Who invented music?
Man must learn to live together with animals
in harmony.
6) 表乘交通工具的短语中。by bus = on a bus,
by train = on the/a train on foot 7) 单数可数名词前不用a / an 的情况:
连系动词turn 后的单数可数名词作表语时.
After graduation from college , he turned teacher .
(= became a teacher )
As / though 引导让步状语从句表语提到句首时
Child as / though he is , he knows a lot .
但 Though he is a child , he knows a lot
man 意为“人类” ,word 意为“ 消息/音讯” 时
如, Word came that the Chinese Women Football Team won
the second prize in World Cup .4.有定冠词与无定冠词的区别
sit at table
sit at the table
be in charge of …负责…
be in the charge of 由…负责
by day
by the day
take place
take the place of
in possession of
in the possession of
in sight of 能看见
in the sight of 据… 的见解in place of 代替
In the place of 在… 的地方
be of age 成年
be of an age 同龄
take advice 征求意见
take the advice 听从劝告
It is out of question 那是毫无疑问的
＝ beyond question
It is out of the question
那是根本不可能的 for a moment go to sea 去当水手
for the moment (暂时） go to the sea 去海边
two of us
by sea the two of us
be the sea
on earth
on the earth
a number of
the number of
in hospital
in the hospital
高考重现
(2005 北京）It is often said that _____ teachers have _____ very simple life .
A. / , / B. / , a C. the , / D. the , a
2. ( 2005 山东 ) I know _____ John Lennon , but not _____ famous one .
/ a B. a the C. / the D. the a
3.(2005 湖南） I can’t remember when exactly
the Robinsons left_____ city. I only remember
it was _____ Monday .
A. The the B. a the C. a a D. the a
BBD4.（2005 辽宁 ）This book tells _______ life story of John Smith,
who left _____ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of16 .
A. The ; the B. a ; the C. the ; / D. a ; /
5. (2005 江西) If you grow up in ____ large family , you are more
likely to develop _____ ability to get on well with ____ others .
/ an the B. a the / C. the an the D. a the the
6. (2005 浙江) Mr Taylor has ______ 8-year- old daughter who
is _____ girl for painting – she has won two nation prizes .
A. a a B. an the C. an a D. the aCBC7.(2005 全国) If you go to by _____ train , you can have quite a
comfortable journey , but make sure you get ____ fast one .
A. the the B. / a C . the a D. / /
8. (2005 江苏) On May 5 , 2005 ,at ______ World Table Tennis
Championship , Kong Linghui and WangHao won the gold medal
in men’s double with ______ score of 4:1 .
A. a a B. / the C. a / D. the aBD 改错题
1. (2005 全国卷二) I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home…
2. ( 2005 天津) The next day , my mother found drink when
she was doing the housework .
3.Her sister , who is nurse , will marry one of the doctors in
the hospital.
4.It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.
5.It was raining hard , so I had to borrow a umbrella.
6. My friend Mary comes from an European country.
7. Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.
8. Only few of the children can read such books .
9.For long time neither of us spoke to each other.
10. Look, a girl in blue is my cousin .
11.Look ! a car has stopped there A car is nice.
12.The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round.
13. You don’t know what wonderful time we’ve had .
14.People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
15. Soon the plane was out of the sight.