冠词的用法[上学期]
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语法专题二 冠词
[考点解析]
1. 不定冠词的用法
an, a是不定冠词, 仅用在单数可数名词前面, 表示 “一”, 但不强调数目观念. a用在以辅音(指辅音音素)开头的词前, an用在以元音(指元素音素)开头的词前.其基本用法如下:
1.表示人或事物的某一类
A plane is a machine that can fly.
飞机是能飞的机器
2.表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个
His father is a teacher.
他爸爸是老师
3.泛指某人或某物, 但不具体说明何人何物
I met an old man on my way to school.
我在上学的路上遇到一位老人.
4.表示 “一个”
He will be back in a day or two.
他一二天后就回来
5.有时也表示 “每”
He walks ten miles an hour.
他每小时走10英里.
二 定冠词的用法.
定冠词the 具有确定的意思, 用以特指人或事物, 表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个, 以别于同类中其他的人或事物, 相当于汉语中的 “那个”或 “这个”的意思. 它可以和单,复数名词, 也可以和不可数民词连用.其基本用法如下:
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
Did you hear the talk given by Mr Li
你听过李先生作的演讲吗
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物
Where is the teacher
老师在哪
3.复述上文提到的人或事物
I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.
我有个漂亮的钱包, 但(钱包)昨天被偷了.
4.世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮,地球,天空,宇宙)
The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起.
5.用在方位名词前
The plant can be seen only in the north of Canada.
那种植物只有在加拿大北部才看得到.
6.用在叙述词或形容词最高级前
He is the tallest one in our class.
他是我们班个子最高的.
7.表示两者间 “较……的一个”时用定冠词
Robert is the taller of the two boys.
罗伯特是两个男孩中较高的那个
8.用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal.
马是有用的动物
9.用在形容词前, 表示一类人或东西
The wounded are taken good care of in that hospital.
伤员在那家医院得到很好的照料
10.可用在党派, 阶级, 民族名词前
the Chinese people
中华民族
the working class
工人阶级
11.用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人, 或这一姓氏的夫妇二人
The Johns are watching TV.
约翰一家正在看电视
12.在乐器前加the
She played Mozart on the piano.
她用钢琴弹奏莫扎特曲子
13.加在表示单位的词前, 表示 “按……; 每……”
Pencils are sold by the dozen.
铅笔是按打卖的
14.在人或物后有限定性的后置定语时
The man standing by the gate is Li Feng.
站在门边的那个人是李峰.
15.代替所有格代词, 表示人体的一部分
He received a blow on the head.
他头上挨了一击.
16.在世纪, 年代名称前
in the 70’s
在70年代
17.在习惯性短语中
in the morning 上午
in the afternoon下午
三 零冠词的用法
1.复数可数名词前不用任何冠词, 表示泛指
Horses are useful animals.
马是有用的动物
2.不可数名称前不用任何冠词, 表示泛指
Water is colorless.
水是无色的
3.呼语或表示头衔的名词前不用任何冠词
Professor Li just came back from New Zealand.
李教授刚从新西兰回来
Mr. Rieder likes tennis
里德先生喜欢打网球
4.含有day的节日名词前不用任何冠词
New Year’s Day 元旦
Women’s Day 妇女节
Youth Day 青年节
National Day. 国庆节
5.球类运动, 棋类游戏或表示三餐饭的名词前不用任何冠词
He likes playing basketball and football.
他喜欢打篮球, 踢足球
We are invited to dinner in her family this evening.
我们今晚应邀去她家吃饭.
6.专有名词前不用任何冠词
Zheng Zheng was promoted to professor in 1997.
郑征于1997年晋升为教授
7.表示季节, 月份或星期的名词前不用任何冠词
Milk is liable to go bad in summer.
牛奶在夏季易变质
She was born on October 29th.
她生于10月29日
We have our lectures every day except Thursday.
除了星期四我们每天都有课
8.前面已有人称代词, 表示代词或不定代词做定语的名词前不用任何冠词
My house is much bigger than his.
我家的房子比他的大多了.
This garden is newly built.
这座花园是新建的.
Each member in our department has a computer.
我们系人手一台计算机
9.某些习语或固定词组中的名词前不用任何冠词
go to school上学 at school在学校
after school 放学后 go to bed 睡觉
上述知识可列表归纳如下:
(一)不定冠词的用法 :
1 指一类人或事, 相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.
2 第一次提及某人某物, 非特指 A boy is waiting for you.
3 表示 “每一”, 相当与every, one We study eight hours a day
4 表示 “相同”, 相当于the same We are nearly of an age.
5 用于人名前, 表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out.That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time.
7 用于quite, rather, many. half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.
8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
(二)定冠词的用法:
1 表示某一类人或物 The horse is a useful animal.
2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the sun
3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door
4 用于乐器前 play the violin., play the guitar
5 同于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the rich, the living, the wounded
6 表示 “一家人”或 “夫妇” the Greens, the Wangs
7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two boys.
8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China
10 在逢十的复数数词前, 指某个年代 in the 1990’s
11 用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.
12 用于方位名词, 身体部位名词及表示时间的名词前 He patted me on the shoulder.
(3) 零冠词的用法:
1 专有名词, 物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, love, air
2 名词前面有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one.
3 季节,月份,星期,节假日, 一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National day
4 表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前 Linclon was made President.
5 学科, 语言, 头衔的名词前 He likes playing football/chess.
6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land
7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork
8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.
[高考示例]
【例1】2005北京高考
If is often said that ______teachers have ______very easy life.
A. /;/ B. /;a C. the;/ D. the; a
提示:复数可数名词用来表示一类人或物时, 其前面常不用冠词:life意为 “(某种方式的)生活”讲时, 常用作单数, 与不定冠词连用.
答案:B
【例2】2005江苏高考
On May 5,2005, at ______Would Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men’s doubles with ______score of 4:1.
A. a; a B. /;the C. a;/ D. the; a
提示:World Table Tennis Championship前应加定冠词the; 可数名词score在此处第一次出现, 其前用不定冠词.
答案:D
【例3】2005浙江高考
Mrs. Taylor has ______8-year-old daughter who has ______gift for painting—she has won two national prizes.
A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a
提示:8-year old是以元音音素开头的, 故用an; has a gift for为固定短语.
答案:C
【例4】2005湖南高考
I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left ______city. I only remember it was ______Monday.
A. the;the B. a;the C. a;a D. the;a
提示:the city表示谈话双方都知道的那座城市;a Monday表示不确定.
答案:D
【例5】2004江苏高考
Tom owns ______larget collection of ______books than any other student in our class.
A. the;/ B. a;/ C. a;the D. /;the
提示:a collection of是词组, 意为 “……收藏”. books是泛指一类书, 不用冠词.
答案:B 冠词用法中要特别注意特指, 泛指等用法. 做题时应吃透题意, 根据具体的语境确定其用法
[触类旁通]
1. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______discovery which completely changed ______man’s understanding of colour.
A. a;/ B. a; the c. /;the D. the; a
2. --Where is your brother
--I think he’s still in ______bed, but he might just be in ______bathroom.
A. /;/ B. the; the C. the;/ D. /;the
3. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ______hotel; I can find you _____bed in my flat.
A. the;a B. the;/ C. a;the D. a;/
4. The most important thing about cotton in history is ______part that it played in ______Industrial Revolution.
A. /;/ B. the;/ C. the;the D. a;the
5. I earn 10 dollars ______hour as ______supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
A. a;an B. the;a C. an;a D. an; the
6. --Judging from ______number of the cars, there are not many people in the club.
--I think so. People would rather stay at home in such ______bad weather.
A. the;/ B. a;/ C. the;a D. a;a
7. ______recent report stated that more and more foreigners would come to China to have a sightseeing by ______year 2008.
A. A;the B. A;/ C. The;/ D. The;a
8. --What was Betty before
--She was ______practiced hairdresser before she turned ______writer.
A. a;the B. the;a C. the;/ D. a;/
9. All of us think that Guilin is ______most beautiful city and we’ll come for ______second visit.
A. the;a B. a;a C. the;the D. a;the
10.2006北京东城期末检测
Most people prefer to travel on ______train, because you can have a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ______fast one.
A. the;the B. a;the C. the;a D. /;a
11. 2006天津河西期末
--Who was on ______phone at eight o’clock this morning
--I didn’t know her. You were wanted by ______Mrs. Smith.
A. a;the B. the;/ C. the;a D. a;/
12. 2006 湖北八校联考
The Chinese astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng were so struck by ______beauty of ______nature that they took lots of pictures in space.
A. /;/ B. /;the C. the;the D. the;/
答案: 1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D
[考点解析]
1. 不定冠词的用法
an, a是不定冠词, 仅用在单数可数名词前面, 表示 “一”, 但不强调数目观念. a用在以辅音(指辅音音素)开头的词前, an用在以元音(指元素音素)开头的词前.其基本用法如下:
1.表示人或事物的某一类
A plane is a machine that can fly.
飞机是能飞的机器
2.表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个
His father is a teacher.
他爸爸是老师
3.泛指某人或某物, 但不具体说明何人何物
I met an old man on my way to school.
我在上学的路上遇到一位老人.
4.表示 “一个”
He will be back in a day or two.
他一二天后就回来
5.有时也表示 “每”
He walks ten miles an hour.
他每小时走10英里.
二 定冠词的用法.
定冠词the 具有确定的意思, 用以特指人或事物, 表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个, 以别于同类中其他的人或事物, 相当于汉语中的 “那个”或 “这个”的意思. 它可以和单,复数名词, 也可以和不可数民词连用.其基本用法如下:
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
Did you hear the talk given by Mr Li
你听过李先生作的演讲吗
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物
Where is the teacher
老师在哪
3.复述上文提到的人或事物
I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.
我有个漂亮的钱包, 但(钱包)昨天被偷了.
4.世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮,地球,天空,宇宙)
The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起.
5.用在方位名词前
The plant can be seen only in the north of Canada.
那种植物只有在加拿大北部才看得到.
6.用在叙述词或形容词最高级前
He is the tallest one in our class.
他是我们班个子最高的.
7.表示两者间 “较……的一个”时用定冠词
Robert is the taller of the two boys.
罗伯特是两个男孩中较高的那个
8.用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal.
马是有用的动物
9.用在形容词前, 表示一类人或东西
The wounded are taken good care of in that hospital.
伤员在那家医院得到很好的照料
10.可用在党派, 阶级, 民族名词前
the Chinese people
中华民族
the working class
工人阶级
11.用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人, 或这一姓氏的夫妇二人
The Johns are watching TV.
约翰一家正在看电视
12.在乐器前加the
She played Mozart on the piano.
她用钢琴弹奏莫扎特曲子
13.加在表示单位的词前, 表示 “按……; 每……”
Pencils are sold by the dozen.
铅笔是按打卖的
14.在人或物后有限定性的后置定语时
The man standing by the gate is Li Feng.
站在门边的那个人是李峰.
15.代替所有格代词, 表示人体的一部分
He received a blow on the head.
他头上挨了一击.
16.在世纪, 年代名称前
in the 70’s
在70年代
17.在习惯性短语中
in the morning 上午
in the afternoon下午
三 零冠词的用法
1.复数可数名词前不用任何冠词, 表示泛指
Horses are useful animals.
马是有用的动物
2.不可数名称前不用任何冠词, 表示泛指
Water is colorless.
水是无色的
3.呼语或表示头衔的名词前不用任何冠词
Professor Li just came back from New Zealand.
李教授刚从新西兰回来
Mr. Rieder likes tennis
里德先生喜欢打网球
4.含有day的节日名词前不用任何冠词
New Year’s Day 元旦
Women’s Day 妇女节
Youth Day 青年节
National Day. 国庆节
5.球类运动, 棋类游戏或表示三餐饭的名词前不用任何冠词
He likes playing basketball and football.
他喜欢打篮球, 踢足球
We are invited to dinner in her family this evening.
我们今晚应邀去她家吃饭.
6.专有名词前不用任何冠词
Zheng Zheng was promoted to professor in 1997.
郑征于1997年晋升为教授
7.表示季节, 月份或星期的名词前不用任何冠词
Milk is liable to go bad in summer.
牛奶在夏季易变质
She was born on October 29th.
她生于10月29日
We have our lectures every day except Thursday.
除了星期四我们每天都有课
8.前面已有人称代词, 表示代词或不定代词做定语的名词前不用任何冠词
My house is much bigger than his.
我家的房子比他的大多了.
This garden is newly built.
这座花园是新建的.
Each member in our department has a computer.
我们系人手一台计算机
9.某些习语或固定词组中的名词前不用任何冠词
go to school上学 at school在学校
after school 放学后 go to bed 睡觉
上述知识可列表归纳如下:
(一)不定冠词的用法 :
1 指一类人或事, 相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.
2 第一次提及某人某物, 非特指 A boy is waiting for you.
3 表示 “每一”, 相当与every, one We study eight hours a day
4 表示 “相同”, 相当于the same We are nearly of an age.
5 用于人名前, 表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out.That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time.
7 用于quite, rather, many. half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.
8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
(二)定冠词的用法:
1 表示某一类人或物 The horse is a useful animal.
2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the sun
3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door
4 用于乐器前 play the violin., play the guitar
5 同于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the rich, the living, the wounded
6 表示 “一家人”或 “夫妇” the Greens, the Wangs
7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two boys.
8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China
10 在逢十的复数数词前, 指某个年代 in the 1990’s
11 用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.
12 用于方位名词, 身体部位名词及表示时间的名词前 He patted me on the shoulder.
(3) 零冠词的用法:
1 专有名词, 物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, love, air
2 名词前面有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one.
3 季节,月份,星期,节假日, 一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National day
4 表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前 Linclon was made President.
5 学科, 语言, 头衔的名词前 He likes playing football/chess.
6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land
7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork
8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.
[高考示例]
【例1】2005北京高考
If is often said that ______teachers have ______very easy life.
A. /;/ B. /;a C. the;/ D. the; a
提示:复数可数名词用来表示一类人或物时, 其前面常不用冠词:life意为 “(某种方式的)生活”讲时, 常用作单数, 与不定冠词连用.
答案:B
【例2】2005江苏高考
On May 5,2005, at ______Would Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men’s doubles with ______score of 4:1.
A. a; a B. /;the C. a;/ D. the; a
提示:World Table Tennis Championship前应加定冠词the; 可数名词score在此处第一次出现, 其前用不定冠词.
答案:D
【例3】2005浙江高考
Mrs. Taylor has ______8-year-old daughter who has ______gift for painting—she has won two national prizes.
A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a
提示:8-year old是以元音音素开头的, 故用an; has a gift for为固定短语.
答案:C
【例4】2005湖南高考
I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left ______city. I only remember it was ______Monday.
A. the;the B. a;the C. a;a D. the;a
提示:the city表示谈话双方都知道的那座城市;a Monday表示不确定.
答案:D
【例5】2004江苏高考
Tom owns ______larget collection of ______books than any other student in our class.
A. the;/ B. a;/ C. a;the D. /;the
提示:a collection of是词组, 意为 “……收藏”. books是泛指一类书, 不用冠词.
答案:B 冠词用法中要特别注意特指, 泛指等用法. 做题时应吃透题意, 根据具体的语境确定其用法
[触类旁通]
1. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______discovery which completely changed ______man’s understanding of colour.
A. a;/ B. a; the c. /;the D. the; a
2. --Where is your brother
--I think he’s still in ______bed, but he might just be in ______bathroom.
A. /;/ B. the; the C. the;/ D. /;the
3. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ______hotel; I can find you _____bed in my flat.
A. the;a B. the;/ C. a;the D. a;/
4. The most important thing about cotton in history is ______part that it played in ______Industrial Revolution.
A. /;/ B. the;/ C. the;the D. a;the
5. I earn 10 dollars ______hour as ______supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
A. a;an B. the;a C. an;a D. an; the
6. --Judging from ______number of the cars, there are not many people in the club.
--I think so. People would rather stay at home in such ______bad weather.
A. the;/ B. a;/ C. the;a D. a;a
7. ______recent report stated that more and more foreigners would come to China to have a sightseeing by ______year 2008.
A. A;the B. A;/ C. The;/ D. The;a
8. --What was Betty before
--She was ______practiced hairdresser before she turned ______writer.
A. a;the B. the;a C. the;/ D. a;/
9. All of us think that Guilin is ______most beautiful city and we’ll come for ______second visit.
A. the;a B. a;a C. the;the D. a;the
10.2006北京东城期末检测
Most people prefer to travel on ______train, because you can have a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ______fast one.
A. the;the B. a;the C. the;a D. /;a
11. 2006天津河西期末
--Who was on ______phone at eight o’clock this morning
--I didn’t know her. You were wanted by ______Mrs. Smith.
A. a;the B. the;/ C. the;a D. a;/
12. 2006 湖北八校联考
The Chinese astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng were so struck by ______beauty of ______nature that they took lots of pictures in space.
A. /;/ B. /;the C. the;the D. the;/
答案: 1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D