冠词[上学期]

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名称 冠词[上学期]
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科目 英语
更新时间 2008-04-21 13:52:00

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课件41张PPT。冠词一、冠词的分类:不定冠词:a, an定冠词:the二、不定冠词的用法:1. a, an泛指单一,每一,任一事物, 指类别。定冠词也可指类别,它们的区别是:1) A horse is a domestic animal. 2) The horse is a domestic animal. 3) Horses are domestic animals. a(n) 侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。the指的是整个类别,这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。不用冠词的复数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体。The two boys are of an age. 那两个男孩同岁。2. 表示“同一”,相当于the same。That’s a green tea. 那是一种绿茶。 They were caught in a heavy rain. 他们淋了一场大雨。3. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,
表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵…”A Mr. Li is asking to see you at the school gate.
一位李先生在校门口要见你。 4.用于专有名词之前表示类似的一个或某一个。5.用于某些固定词组中。如: (1)have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrel
=swim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrel. ( 2)have a cold; have a good time; keep a diary; in a hurry; once in a while; at a loss(不知所措)
for a while; once upon a time; all of a sudden; tell a lie; do sb. a favour; get an education(受教育);at a mouthful(一口);at a distance(隔离一段时间) (3) what a/such a/quite a rather a+单数可数名词;too/as/so/how/however+adj.+a+单数可数名词;
many a+单数可数名词:许多;
not a+单数可数名词:不止一个; half a+单数可数名词:一半。
1) We think it an honour to be invited to your country.
2) The little girl is a joy /a pleasure to her parents.
3) He has a good knowledge of computer.
What a great surprise he gave me!!
4) Yang Liwei is a great success in China6.物质,抽象名词(surprise, success, pleasure, knowledge)前用a,an表示具体意义 I earn 10 dollars ______ hour as ______ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
(2003上海)
A. a / an B. the / a
C. an / a D. an / the C三、定冠词的用法:The Greens are at table. 格林一家正在吃饭。
The Chens will move to Nanjing. 陈的一家要搬到南京去。1、用在姓氏复数形式前,表示一家人。the Tang dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period,
唐朝 春秋战国时期
in the 1870’s 在19世纪70年代2、用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。 He plays the violin but gives lessons on the piano.
他是拉小提琴的,但是他教钢琴课。 3、用在作为课程或演奏等的乐器名称前。We have a piano in our house.
我们家有一架钢琴。表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词the,但如果该名词作为普通名词,用不定冠词a/an。 I have hired the car by the hour. 我已按小时租车。 Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋论打卖4、用在表示单位的名词前。如:
by the day (month) 按日(月)
by the yard (foot) 按码(英尺)the country乡村 the fog雾 the sea 海 the seaside海滨 the night 夜 the sunshine阳光 the universe 宇宙 the future未来6、用于表示物质环境—我们周围的世界和气候,或我们生活中其他常见的特点的词组。 用the表示所谈之物是人人都熟悉的。江河海洋: the Yangtze River, the Thames, the Suez Canal, the Red Sea, the Baltic, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean
山脉群岛: the Tien-shan Mountains, the Alps, the Philippines, the Zhoushan islands
特殊: Mount O Mei, Christmas Island
海湾海峡: the English Channel, the Taiwan Straits,
the Bay of Biscay, the Persian Gulf
湖泊:the Lake of Geneva, the Great Salt Lake
7. 用于江、河、湖泊、山脉、海湾、群岛等地理名称前。但有些湖名前一般不加冠词:
eg: Lake Success, Lake Baikal1) They pulled her by the hair.
2) He gave me a pat on the back.
3) He hit me on the chin.
8. 在句型“动词 + sb. + 介词 + the + 身体某一部位中”,要用the而不用人称代词。theirhishisThe horse is a useful animal.
9. 用在单数名词的前面表示一类人或事物。I received a letter. The letter was from England.10.用在重新提及的人或事物名词前。1) Pass me the book, please.
2) Would you mind my opening the window?11. 用在谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物名词前。1)The milk on the table is hers.
2)Who is the girl you said hello to ?12. 用在有限制性定语修饰的名词前,表示特定的意义。
the injured, the grown-up, the blind13. 用在某些形容词或分词前表示一类人。1)It is the first time I have been here.
2)China is the third country to send man into space.14. 用在序数词前。1) He got a first prize in mathematics.(first prize是一整体)
2) Can you give me a second chance,please? (a second chance=another chance)
3) We played two draws(平局)the other day,but when I tried a third time,1 was beaten.(a third time不是有计划地从前两次排下来的) “不定冠词+序数词”,表示序数词并无与其他事物一一排比的含义。 It’s the most important thing I must do at present.15. 用在形容词的最高级前。This book is too expensive for me.1 want to look at a cheaper one.
It is a most useful book.(most=very) 不定冠词可用在形容词比较级、最高级与序数词之前。
不定冠词+形容词比较级+单数名词”表示“更……的”。
“不定冠词+形容词最高级”并无比较含义。 Which is taller, Lily or Lucy?
Which is the taller girl, Lily or Lucy?在“Which is + 形容词的比较级 + 名词”句型中,比较级前要用the。(’92全国,28)
1) Which is ____country,Canada or Australia?
A.a large B.1arger
C.a larger D.the larger DThe moon goes around the earth.16. 用在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前。 We feel happy because we live in a peaceful world now.如果名词前或后有修饰语,也可以用不定冠词a/an。 (’04福建,23)
It is ___ world of wonders,___world where anything can happen.
A.a:the B.a;a C.the;a D.不填;不填 B四、零冠词的用法:1) the Spring follows the winter.冬去春来。 2) We have few classes on the Saturday. 3) He studies the biology at university. 1、在季节、月份、星期、节假日、学科、
三餐饭前。They came to Beijing in the winter of 1997. 2) This happened on a Sunday toward the end of June. 特指(有一的意思,后面有修饰语)The Spring Festival The Lantern Festival中国传统节日名称前常用the。--Have you had ___ supper?
--We had ___ wonderful supper.
A. /, / B. a, the C. /, the D. /, aD1) the Comrade Li was chairman of the meeting. 2) We elected him the president of our university. 2、称呼语或表头衔的名词(作表语、同位语、补足语)前。1) the Failure is the mother of success.
2) Desks and chairs are made of the wood.
3) the Water is very important for man.
4) the Discipline produces a well-behaved child.
5) the Knowledge is power.
6) the Practice makes perfect.
3.物质名词或抽象名词前一般不用冠词。1) He suffered from the cancer 2 years ago.
2) He likes playing the (football/badminton, volleyball, basketball, baseball…)
3) Do you play the chess, bridge下棋,玩桥牌
4) the Purple is a beautiful colour.
5) the Smell is one the five senses.
4.球类, 棋类,疾病,游戏,颜色,感官名词前,不用the。I had a bad cough last night. I didn’t feel well.注意:fever, headache, cough, cut, pain等前用冠词have a fever/a bad cough… Whose the purse is this?
Our the research group does the best.
Where are these the books?
There’re some the interesting stories here.5.如果名词前面有所有格,指示代词,疑问词,以及some, little, each, few, any, no, another every, much, many等形容词作定语时,不用冠词。1) a Child as he is, he is good at calculating.
2) the Shortest as he is, he runs fastest .6. 在一个“普通名词 / adj. + as开始的让步状语从句”中,前面不用冠词。零冠词的口诀是:
月、季、星期、节假、洲;
呼语、头衔、职务前;
三餐、球类、惯用语;
学科、棋类名词前。
但这种用法是相对而言的。 7. 单数可数名词前不用a (n) 的情况:After graduation from college he turned teacher
=became a teacher (1)连系动词turn后的单数可数名词作表语时。Word came that the Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in World Cup.(2) man意为“人类‘, word意为”消息“时,其前不用冠词。1) A Chinese and English dictionary一本英汉字典2) A Chinese and an English dictionary一本汉语词典和一本英语词典
3) He is a teacher and writer.他是老师也是作家。4) They are a teacher and a writer.他们一个是老师,一个是作家。当两个名词并列时,若指一个人或物,在第一个名词前加冠词;若指两个不同的人或物,则每个名词前都要加冠词。五、有冠词和无冠词的区别: at table
at the table





进餐在桌子旁at sea
at the sea
茫然在海上by sea
by the sea乘船在海边in future
in the future
今后在未来on earth
on the earth
究竟在地球上take place
take the place of发生代替in front of
in the front of
在外前面在内部的前面He is in charge of the factory.
The factory is in the charge of him.他负责这家工厂。这家工厂由他负责。(主语是物)two of us
the two of us


我们当中的2个人我们共两人out of question
out of the question毫无疑问一定不可能the third time
a third time第三次又一次in the distance
at a distance在远处在一定的距离a number of
the number of许多…的数目for a moment
for the moment一会儿目前暂时
the most important thing
a most important=very最重要的事一件很重要的事in bed
in the bed睡觉在床上in prison
in the prison坐牢在监狱里in hospital
in the hospital因病住院在医院里(不一定生病)go to bed
go to the bed上床睡觉向床走去(不一定是去睡觉)go to church
go to the church做礼拜去教堂go to school
go to the school去上学(是学生)去学校(不一定是学生)by day
by the day在白天按日计算in possession
in the possession of拥有为…所有in open
in the open公开在户外in sight of
in the sight of看见据…的见解on watchon the watch值班留神,小心in secret
in the secret秘密地知情in place
in the place代替在……的地方in future
in the future今后将来take advice
take the advice征求意见听从劝告be of age
be of an age成年同龄He is still in office.
He is still in the office.他仍在执政。他仍在办公室里。She is in class.
She is in the class.她正在上课。她在那个班。There is still some food in store.
The food is in the store.食物尚有储备。食物在那个仓库里。高考题1. Beyond ________stars,the astronauts saw nothing but _________ space. (MET90,18)
A.the;不填 B.不填;the
C.不填;不填 D.the;the
2.Alexander Graham Bell invented ______ telephone in 1876. (MET91,18)
A.不填 B.a C.the D. one
3.-- Where’s Jack?
-- I think he’s still in _______bed,but he might just be in _______bathroom.
(MET92,36)
A.不填;不填 B.the;the
C.the;不填 D.不填;theACD4.Many people are still in ______habit of writing silly things in ____public places. (MET93,19)
A.the;the. B.不填;不填
C.the;不填 D.不填;the
5.She is _____newcomer to ________ chemistry,but she has already made some important discoveries.(NMET94,20)
A.the:the B.the;不填
C.a;不填 D.a;the
6.Wouldn’t be _______wonderful world if all nations lived in _____peace with one another? (NMET94,23)
A.a;不填 B.the;不填
C.a;the D.the;theCCA7.Many people agree that ______knowledge of Eng1ish is a must in _______international trade today.(NMET96,13)
A.a;不填 B.the;an
C.the;the D.不填;the
8.-- Have you seen ______pen? I left it here
this morning.
-- Is it ______black one? I think I saw
it somewhere. (NMET97,7)
A.a;the B.the;the
C.a;a D.the;aAC9.Paper money was in _______use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in_______ thirteenth century. (NMET99,8)
A.the;不填 B.the;the
C.不填;the D.不填;不填
10. Most animals little connection with ________animals of _________different kind unless they kill them for food. (2000全国)
  A.the ; a B.不填 ; a  
C.the ; the D.不填 ; theCB11. The warmth of_________ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _________wool used.
(2001全国)
A. the; the B. the; 不填
C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填
12. Jumping out of ______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ______ exciting experience.  (2002全国)  
  A.不填;the  B.不填;an 
C.an; an   D.the; the
13. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has ______ IQ. (2002全国) 
  A. a high   B.a higher 
C.the higher  D.the highestBCB14. The sign reads “In case of _____ fire, break the glass and push ______ red button. ( 2003全国)
A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. a; a
15. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______ discover which completely changed ______ man’s understanding of colour. (2004广东)
A. a; 不填 B. a; the C. 不填; the D. the; a
16. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ______ hotel; I can find you ______ bed in my flat. (2004全国I)
A. the; a B. the; 不填
C. a; the D a; 不填BBA17. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 percent off______. (2004全国II)
A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices
18. --- John, there is______ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. (2004全国IV)
--- I’m in ______ bath.
A. a; the B the; a C a; 不填/ D the; 不填
19. If you go by _________ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get __________ fast one. (2005全国卷3)
A.the; the? B.不填;a?
C.the; a? D.不填;不填CAB