高三名词冠词复习[下学期]

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名称 高三名词冠词复习[下学期]
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科目 英语
更新时间 2006-02-13 15:48:00

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课件24张PPT。高中英语语法总复习大庆市第四中学 徐微一、名词名词专有名词普通名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词(可数名词)(不可数名词)(一)可数名词与不可数名词
1. 可数名词表示复数时,可以跟 few,
a few, many, a great / good many, a large
number of 等连用。
2. 不可数名词只能和 little, a little,
much, a great deal of, a large amount of,
a large quantity of 等连用。
3. 两类名词均可以跟 a lot of, lots of,
plenty of 连用。(二)名词的数
1、规则变化
① 加~s:books
② 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的可数名词 加~es:
buses,brushes, branches
③ 变f,fe为v再加~es:
knife—knives, leaf—leaves
④ 以o结尾加s/es:
tomatoes, potatoes,radios
⑤ 变y为i再加~es:
city—cities boy—boys(不变)
2、不规则变化
① 改变元音:
foot—feet, tooth—teeth
man—men,mouse—mice
② 词尾变化:
child-children,ox-oxen
③ 单复数同形:
Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish, means (手段)
④ 形式上是复数,意义上是单数:
physics, politics, news, the United States,
the United Nations
⑤ 形式上是单数,意义上是复数:
people, youth, police, cattle
⑥ 只有复数形式:
shoes, trousers, glasses, thanks,ashes, clothes,goods
⑦ 有些名词既可以作复数,也可以作单数:
family, team,group,class,army,crowd……
(注:此类名词作为整体看为单数,作各个成员看为复数。)
Our class is big. (看作整体)
Our class are from different countries. (看作成员)⑧ 由the+形容词表一类人时为复数
the young, the old,the poor, the rich
⑨ 有些名词,由单数变复数意义不同
water 水—waters 水域 air 空气—airs 气派
wood 木材—woods 树林 glass 玻璃—glasses 眼镜
paper 纸—papers 文件 arm 手臂—arms 武器
good 好处—goods 货物 fish 鱼—fishes 多种鱼
fruit 水果—fruits 多种水果
hair 全部头发—hairs 几根头发
(三)名词的所有格
1、表示有生命的东西的名词所有格
① 单数名词加-’s: the girl’s book
② 以s结尾的复数名词只加 ’:the students’ book
③ 不以s结尾的复数名词要加-’s:
the Children’s Hospital
④ 并列的名词各自均属所有格时,在各名词词尾
逐一加-’s:
John’s and Mary’s books
但为两者所共有的,只需在后一个名词词尾加-’s:
John and Mary’s books
2、表示无生命的东西的名词,常用“of + 名词”结构表示
the gate of the school
the windows of my room
3、有些表示时间、距离、长度、价格、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词,也可用
-’s 构成所有格。
ten days’ holiday five miles’ walk
today’s newspaper China’s industry,
Beijing’s Streets
另外,表示某人的家,某个职业的店铺等的
名词也可加-’s,如
go to the tailor’s (shop) meet at Bob’s
go to the doctor’s / the barber’s
4、当 a(an), this, that, these, some, any, no等
词与所有格名词修饰同一名词时,采用双重
所有格形式。
That’s no business of yours.
Here are two pictures of John’s.
注:
“of +抽象名词 ” ---- 相当于一个形容词
eg. 1) It’s a matter of importance.
--- It’s very important.
2) The book is of great value.
--- The book is valuable.
3) It’s of great help.
--- It’s helpful.
二、冠词 1、不定冠词的用法
① 表示人或事物的某一类:
A horse is a useful animal.
② 表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个:
This is an apple.
③ 泛指某人或某物
I met an old man on my way home. ④ 表示单位,相当于“每一个”:
Take this medicine three times a day.
⑤ 表示同样的(人或事物),相当于 the same
The two boys are of an age.
⑥ 在固定搭配中的习惯用法:
have a look (rest, try, cold, headache,wonderful,
time), a great many, a great deal of,as a result,
once upon a time,for a long time, at a time,
a waste of money,lead a simple life 2、定冠词的用法
1)指特定的人或物,相当于 this, that, these, those
Is this the plane to ShangHai?
2)指谈话双方都知道的人或物
Where is the teacher?
3)指前面提到的人或物
I keep a dog. the dog is called “Jack”.
4)指世上独一无二的事物或自然现象
the sun (moon,earth,world,sky,sea) 5)用在单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或
事物,这与不定冠词用法相似。
The horse is a useful animal.
--- A horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals
6)用于乐器名词前
She plays the piano(violin)
但以汉语拼音表示的乐器名称前则不用冠词
I don’t know how to play erhu. 7)用在序数词和形容词最高级前
the first,the largest country
8) 表示方向、方位的名词前
The wind is blowing from the east.
9)用于表示计量单位的名词前,表示“按…
计算”
We are paid by the month.
但表示重量、长度等的名词前一般不加冠词
Meat is sold by weight.
10)用在某些专有名词前
① 在江河、山脉、海洋、湖泊、群岛的
名称前
the Yellow River,the Pacific Ocean
② 用在由普通名词和另外一些词共同构成
的专有名词前
the Great Wall,the United Nations
③ 用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人
the Turners,the Wangs
11)用在某些形容词前表示一类人或物
the rich,the young,the sick,the new
12)在年的复数名词前,指某个年代
In the 1990’s
13)在固定搭配中
by the way all the time
in the end in the sun
in the open air in the hope of
at the most on the radio
take the place of get into the habit of
in the east/south/north/west
14)the与单数可数名词连用表泛指,这种
情况在讨论科技问题时是很普遍的。
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
The compass was invented in China 4000 years ago. 3、零冠词的用法
① 在物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时
Glass can be recycled from broken bottles.
Failure is the mother of success.
② 表示只有一人担任的头衔、职务的名词
在句中作表语、同位语、补语或宾语时,
以及表示头衔职位的名词与姓氏连用时
We elected Tom monitor of our class.
Doctor Wang,President Lincoln
③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或
名词所有格修饰时
He remembers one of the first lessons from this teacher.
His heart was beating wildly with fear.
He went some place in France.
④ 节假日、星期、月份、季节、三餐等名词前
National Day New Year’s Day
但中国的传统节日前要用冠词
the Spring Festival the Mid-Autumn Festival
另外,特指某年的某个季节时或某一餐时,要用定冠词
the winter of 1998
I will never forget the dinner that we had together.
此外,当有修饰语修饰表示星期、月份、季节
三餐等名词时,可以用不定冠词
We had a wonderful lunch.
⑤ 在球类运动和棋类游戏名称前
play chess play football ⑥ 在某些固定词组中
at last ( present, first, night, lunch, school,
table, home)
by bus ( train, ship, boat, air, sea, water, land )
on foot ( time, Sunday, fire )
from east to west, from place to place,
from time to time,
by mistake, year by year
⑦下列词组,有the与无the意思不同
go to school 上学
go to the school 去学校
in front of 在前面
in the front of 在前部
take place 发生
take the place 代替
out of question 毫无问题
out of the question 不可能