高考英语专题复习 形容词和副词.doc[上学期]

高考英语语法专题复习之六 形容词、副词
一.形容词1. 形容词基本用法:
可做 1)定语(放在名词前); 2)表语(放在系动词后); 3)宾语补足语; 4)the+形容词可转化为名词
1).Jim is a diligent boy.
但形容词修饰不定代词时放在后面. I didn’t get anything valuable from the speech.
2).John is honest and warm-hearted.
Father got angry when he heard the news.
3).You must keep the room clean. Don’t leave the door open.
4). The young are energetic and enthusiastic
常接形容词做宾补的词
make / keep/ leave/ +object + adj find/feel/consider/think ( it) +adj
Eg: He often makes me happy / makes the room dirty
He thinks it unnecessary to learn English.
2.多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序
如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：a lovely beautiful room。
常用的顺序为：(注意:定语从句或形容词短语常作后置定语 )
限定词(those) + 数量形容词(three) + 描绘性形容词(beautiful) + 大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large) + 新旧(old) + 颜色(brown) + 国籍 + 材料(wood) + 被修饰名词(table)
例如: (1).. This __________ girl is Lind’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
(2). ____to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.（2000全国）
A．Brave enough students B．Enough brave students
　　C．Students brave enough D．Students enough brave
(3). All the people ______ at the party were his supporters. （02北京）
A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important
二.副词: 副词用做状语,修饰动词,形容词,副词,词组,或整个句子.
1.They listened to the teacher attentively and took notes every now and then.
2. The ticket is terribly expensive. 3.I like English very much.
4.Obviously,he is telling a lie. 5. Happily for him, his stepmother was so kind to him.
Actually/luckily/generally/unfortunately etc常用来修饰句子.
注意:1.名词+ly构成形容词;形容词+ly构成副词
friendly, lovely, lively, homely, manly… (形容词)
friendlily, livelily, happily… (副词)
2.fast,early,straight既是形容词又是副词,不加ly.
He runs fast. Can you give me a fast answer
3.两种副词形式的比较
有些常用副词，两种形式，意义不同。如：
close 接近（指距离） closely仔细地；密切地 free 免费 freely 自由地；自如地
deep 深 deeply 深刻 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不
wide 宽 widely 广泛地 high 高 highly 高度地
late 晚；迟 lately 近来 most 最 mostly主要地;绝大多数地三、形容词、副词原级常用句型
1． 双方在程度、性质、特征等方面相等时，用“…… as + 形容词或副词的原级（+名词） + as …”；如果涉及数量，用“… as much + 不可数名词 + as …或… as many + 可数名词 + as …”；同时可以用“… the same（+ 名词）+ as …”结构。
He is as intelligent a student as his sister.
He has the same intelligence as his sister.
2双方不等时,用“… not so / as +原级形容词/副词 + as ”或“be different from”结构。
English is not so difficult a subject as Russia.
3.一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“… 倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as …”或“…倍数 + the + size（height, length, weight, width） of …”或“… 倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than …”结构
The new bridge is three times as long as the old one .
Their library is twice the size of ours
Your school is three times bigger than ours .
4. 主语 + 谓语 + no + 形容词/副词比较级 + than（A并不比B……多少）
e.g. He is no taller than I. （= He is as short as me. ）
例如:(1). It is generally believed that reading is_________ it is a science. （01全国）
A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
(2). What a table ! I’ve never seen such a thing before .It is it is long.(05湖北卷）
A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as
C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half
四.形容词、副词比较级常用句型
1． 主语 + 谓语 + 形容词/副词比较级 + （名词）+ than …
2． 主语 + 谓语 + the + 形容词/副词比较级 + of … （两者比较）
3． no more than = only 仅仅，只有 = at most 至多，不超过
4． no less than = just as many as 有……之多
5． not less than = as many as , more than 至少
【注意】特殊句型：
I haven’t seen so / as old a car as that. / I haven’t seen a car as old as that.
He gave me much more money than was needed.
He gave me (as) much money as was needed.
They are more angry than excited.
例如 (1). The number of people present at the concert was _______than expected .There were many tickets left. （04福建）
A．much smaller B．much more C．much larger D．many more
(2). Mary kept weighing herself to see how much______ she was getting. （04全国I）
A heavier B heavy C the heavier D the heaviest
(3). Lizzie was______ to see her friend off at the airport. （04全国IV）
A. a little more than sad B. more than a little sad
C. sad more than a little D. a little more than sad
(4). I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is _______ than John. （04上海春季）
A. more efficiently a worker B. a more efficient worker
C. more an efficient worker D. a worker more efficiently
(5). Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _____ this year.（05浙江）
A．the best B．better C．the most D．more
五．形容词、副词最高级常用句型
1． 主语 + 谓语 + the + 形容词/副词最高级 +（名词）+表示范围的状语
2． 主语 + 谓语 + one of the + 形容词/副词最高级 +（复数名词）
3． 主语 + 谓语 + the + 序数词 + 形容词/副词最高级 +（名词）
4． 主语 + 谓语 + 否定词 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than …
e.g. No one can be more careful than he is. any other + 单数名词
5.主语 +谓语 +形容词/副词比较级 + than + any of the other +复数名词
anyone else
例如.(1). David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels________ desire to go to bed. (05江苏卷)
A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least
(2).Four of Robert’s children were at the party, including ______, Luke.
A. the oldest B. an oldest one C. the old D. an old one
(3).The Chinese Educational Department suggests teachers should receive _______ education to catch up with the _______ development.
A. farther; late B. farther; later C. further; lately D. further; latest
(4). How beautifully she sings! I have never heard________. (NMET1996)
A .the better voice B. a good voice
6. C. the best voice D. a better voice
7. 形容词、副词前的冠词
1．有时形容词最高级前不加冠词或加不定冠词，表示“非常”。It’s most beautiful.
1． 当用of表示“两者间较……的一个”时，比较级前加the。the taller of the two
2． same前一般要加定冠词。He is in the same class as I am.
3． 表“越……就越……”，用“The + er …, the + er …”或“The more …the more …”结构。The sooner, the better. The more you read, the cleverer you become.
4． 在某些形容前加the，表同类人，作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式（但表一个人或物或抽象概念时用单数。）
8. 易错形容词与名词的搭配
名词 可用的修饰语 不可用的修饰语
population（人口） big, small many, a few
salary（工资） big, small high, low
price（价格） high, low cheap, expensive
speed（速度） high, low, great fast, slow
amount（数量） big, small many, much
quantity（数量） big, small many, much
temperature（温度） high, low cold, hot
size（尺寸） big, small many, much
cost（开支） big, small many, much
【注意】 对于这类名词常用what提问。
a). 形容词、副词的词形
1．有的形容词、副词词形完全相同： last, straight, early
2.并不是所有以ly结尾的都是副词：
1）n. + ly → adj. shapely（好看的），friendly，orderly，motherly
2）时间n. + ly → adj. yearly, daily
3）特殊： deadly, lively, ugly, likely
3.有一部分副词有两种形式：
1） 表具体（无ly）和抽象（有ly）的区别：
wide / widely; high / highly; deep / deeply; low（地位低）/ lowly（地位卑微）
【注意】表具体（无ly）的副词多修饰动词；表抽象（有ly）多修饰形容词或分词。
2） 有无ly意思大不相同：near / nearly; most（大多数）/ mostly（主要地）; dear（昂贵地）/ dearly（深爱地、热切地）; hard / hardly; like / likely; close（亲密的、靠近地）/ closely（密切地）; late / lately; dead / deadly; bad / badly（恶劣地、非常）
3） 意思相同，位置不同：right / rightly（正确地）和wrong / wrongly（错误地），放在过去分词前常用有ly的词，放在句末时常用无ly的词。
4） cheap，cheaply，loud，loudly等不带ly表程度、结果或用与习语中；带ly表方式或伴随情况。
e.g. easier said than done / take it easy
Speak loud.（表程度） They called loudly for help.（表方式）
b).合成形容词的用法
1).构成：1）以形容词（含-ing，-ed分词）结尾的，合成形容词直接加连字符。
good-looking, bad-looking, hard-working, well-known, absent-minded
2) 含普通名词构成的合成形容词中，名词用单数形式。
telephone number, kind-hearted person, 800-word article, one-eyed man, three-legged table, English-speaking countries, man-made, 18-year-old, seven-metre-long
3）含有时间、金钱、距离、度量的名词构成合成词，既不加ed也不用复数。 two-week time, ten-thousand-li Great Wall, six-foot-tall boy
1． 用法：合成形容词一般用做前置定语，而“num. + 名词”或“num. + 名词 + adj. ”组成的名词短语一般作后置定语， 也可作前置定语或表语，名词用复数。 a two-thousand-word composition, a composition about two thousand words
【比较】1）two-hour meeting / two hours’ meeting
2）The meeting is two hours away. / The meeting is in two weeks’ time.
c). 不用very修饰的形容词及其短语
1． 具有绝对意义的形容词一般不用very表程度。
completely dead, quite right, quite sure, quite perfect, too / so ready
2． 以a-开头的形容词多有特殊的副词修饰。
fast / deep / sound asleep, wide awake, wide open, very much / quite alone,
very (much) afraid / very alive
3． 短语：be well worth, quite different, exactly the same, just then, right now, freezing cold, terribly hot, be dead against the plan, right in front of you
d). 要求一定介词的形容词
1． 要求 at：afraid, angry, good, bad, clever, terrified, surprised
2． 要求of：afraid, sure, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy, certain
3． 要求with：angry, strict, careful, busy, popular
4． 要求in：weak, rich, interested, successful
5． 要求to：next, good, polite, kind, cruel, rude, known, married, close, near
6． 要求from：far, different, free, safe
7． 要求about：sorry, worried, anxious, careful, sure, certain
有时，由于涉及介词后的不同词语而要求不同的介词。
如：be angry with sb. / in sth. be strict with sb. / in sth.
八．常用形容词、副词辨异
anxious, eager
anxious着重于焦虑、期盼或担心，含有位置结果如何，有为之担心的意味。
eager着重指对成功的期待或进取的热情的迫切心情。
quiet, silent, still, calm
quiet主要指没有吵闹的状态；silent主要指不出声，沉默，但不一定无活动；still“静止的，无声的”，强调静止的状态；calm指天气或海浪的“平静”或指人的“沉着镇静”。另外，noiseless指“声音很轻的，无声的”，常用来形容机器。
single, alone, only 仅，单一，唯一
single表示“唯一，单一”时，侧重于强调可数名词单数，常与a连用，修饰名词时也可表示“唯一”，但暗含“别无其他”之意，常与the或形容词性物主代词连用，还可以表示“单人房间”，a single room。
only用作副词修饰名词或代词表示“仅仅”时，可后置，代替alone。
alone表示“独自一人（或仅有几人）”，即没有同伴，助手或其他人时，与only同义。alone为后置定语，而only为前置定语。
sure, certain
1. sure和certain后接不定式时，与后跟of接动名词含义不同：后接不定式表示局外人推测的口气，即说话人“相信”句中的主语会是怎么样；后跟of接动名词则是当事人的口气，表示句中主语“相信”谓语所陈述的内容。
2. sure后跟从句时，主语必须是人。主语如为it，则只能用certain。
3. 在祈使句中常用sure，不宜用certain。
e.g. Be sure to write and tell me all the news.
the same … as, the same … that, the same with, the same to
the same … as用来表示前后两者的相同或相似，后面的as是关系代词，引导一个定语从句（常用省略结构），as不能换成that或which。
the same … that用来表示前后的事物为同一事物，that是关系代词,引导一个定语从句。
the same with后跟sb.，表示后面某人的情况与前面所讲的相同。
the same to常用于别人祝贺你时回贺对方的用语（只限于双方都有共同的情景）；也可表示“无关紧要”之意。
real, true
real表示的“真实、真正”是客观上存在的实物、实情、实例等，而非想象或捏造的。true指与事实相符的，而不是虚构的、错误的东西。
fairly, quite, rather
fairly意思为“相当地，适度地，说得过去地”，一般用来表示积极的含义，主要用于“好”的一方面。fairly与普通副词相同，即冠词a/an不能置其后，必须置其前。
rather一般用来表示消极的含义。1）可与too连用。2）可与形容词或副词比较级连用。3）可与动词连用。
quite通常侧重主观看法，意为“完全地，几乎”，用于动词之前。
quite、rather与“形容词+名词（单数）”连用，a/an可放在quite、rather之前，也可放其后。在口语中，“quite a …”比“a quite”普遍。必须注意：只有当名词前有形容词时，“quite a …”与“a quite …”才能随意用其中一个；如果名词前无形容词，则只用“quite a …”。
【对比】This is a fairly easy book. 这是一本相当浅显的书。（指容易而适当）
This is a rather easy book.这本书过于浅显。（指过分容易而不当）
前者表示肯定或赞许，后者表示否定或不以为然。
no more than, not more than
sick, ill
big, large, great, huge
too much much too
possibly, probably, perhaps, maybe, likely
sometime, sometimes, some time, some times
very, much
1） very修饰形容词或副词的原级，much修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用much或very much。
2） very修饰用作形容词（不管是作表语还是作定语）的现在分词或过去分词，如：interesting, exciting, frightened, disappointed, worried
3） much可以修饰动词，very则不能。修饰动词时应注意much或very much的位置。I enjoyed the concert (very) much.
I (very) much enjoyed the concert.
4） 在不能确定的时候，用much往往比very妥当。
most, the most, mostly, almost
1） most children, most of the children, a most interesting book, the most interesting book, at most, What troubles me most is …
2） mostly：副词，主要地，大部分地，位于系动词助动词之后,行为动词之前。
3） almost作副词，表“几乎”“差不多”，具有接近、趋近的含义。一般的数词前多用nearly，而表主观意义的动词、形容词、副词前多用almost。almost常与no、never及合成词nothing、nobody等连用。
【注意】not nearly 远远不……，相差很远……
例1.He said it was ____ impossible to buy the novel which was _____worth reading.
A. very; very B. very; quite C. much ; much D. quite; well
2. ______ the child expresses his interest in an activity, the stronger it will become.
A. The more frequent B. The frequenter
C. The more frequently D. the frequentlier
14. Everyone was on time for the meeting _____ Chris, who's usually ten minutes late for everything. （04湖南）
A. but B. only C. even D. yet
15. I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ______, the walk will do me good. （04全国I）
A Sooner or later B Still C In time D Besides
16. If you can’t come tomorrow, we’ll ______ have to hold the meeting next week. （04全国IV）
A yet B ever C rather D just
17. There at the door stood a girl about the same height _____. （04北京春季）
A. as me B. as mine C. with mine D. with me
18. _______, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. （04上海春季）
A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely
C. Strange enough D. Enough strange
19. --- Have you been to New Zealand
--- No. I’d like to, ________. （05山东卷）
A. too B. though C. yet D. either
20. --- ______ that he managed to get the information
--- Oh, a friend of his helped him. （05山东卷）
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
21. John is very lazy. He falls ______ behind in his studies. (05广东卷)
A. very B. far C. more D. still
22. To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it into parts. （05湖北卷）
A．down B．up C．of D．out
23. --- How is everything going on with you in Europe
--- Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _________. (05江苏卷)
A. though B. instead C. either D. too
24. — Must I turn off the gas after cooking
— Of course . You can never be careful with that . (05江西卷) (
A．enough B．too C．so D．very
25. There was such long queue for coffee at the interval that we ________ gave up. （05上海卷）
A. eventually B. unfortunately C. generously D. purposefully
26. John is the tallest boy in the class, ______ according to himself.（05安徽卷）
A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight
C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as
形容词和副词强化训练
1. To plant the tree, we must dig _____.
A. a three feet deep hole B. three-foot-deep a hole
C. a hole three feet deep D. a three-feet-deep hole
2. ____ the boy’s grown! He is almost ___ his father.
A. What, as tall as B. What, taller than C. How, as tall as D. How, taller than
3. I haven’t got ____ nails to mend the cupboard. I need another three of them.
A. enough big B. big enough C. much bigger D. many enough
4. Henry knows little of physics _________ of chemistry.
A. as well as B. no less than C. and still more D. and still less
5. — The dish is delicious!
　— Well, at least it's ___ the one I cooked yesterday.
A. as bad as B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than
6. — Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic
　— Yes. You couldn't hope for ____ at this time of the year.
A. a nice day B. the nice day C. a nicer day D. the nicest day
7. It makes Thomas no better, and it makes you ____
A. best B. good C. well D. worse
8. I had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice ____ came.
A. more than B. as many C. as much D. less than
9. — Why didn't you go to the cinema last night
　— It was something ____ interesting.
A. far less B. more or less C. much more D. any further
10. The population of many Alaskan cities has __ doubled in the past five years.
A. larger than B. more than C. as greatly as D. as much as
11. — How do you like your teacher of Chinese
　 — Well, no one teaches _____ here.
A. well B. poorly C. best D. better
12. In the poor parts of America's big cities there is a lot of crime, _____ .
A. and much of it is serious B. much of it is serious
C. and many more is serious D. more of it is serious
13. — Do you like cats
— Of course.They are __a kind of pet. They can do much good for their masters.
A. better than B. more than C. no more than D. no better than
14. The newly-built theatre is ____ the old one.
A. as twice big as B. twice more bigger than
C. twice the size of D. twice so big as
15. Thank you very much. It's ____ of you.
A. kindest B. a most kind C. the most kind D. most kind
16. Whoever is never _____ with the progress he has made will be a success.
A. content B. proud C. praised D. enough
17. You shouldn't be too ___ about things you are not supposed to know.
A. strange B. amusing C. curious D. conscious
18. These T-shirts are usually $ 35 each but today they have a ___ price of $19 in the shopping centre.
A. regular B. special C. cheap D. particular
19. — Why did she spend so much time searching shop after shop for a blouse
　 — Oh, she was very ____ about her clothes,
A. special B. particular C. especial D. unusual
20. — Mr. Zhang, can I talk to you ____ about my composition
　 — Sure. How about Thursday afternoon
A. somewhere B. somehow C. sometime D. sometimes
21. The early train is ____ to leave at five in the morning.
A. possible B. due C. probable D. sure
22. He enjoys a cup of coffee sometimes, but ____ he drinks tea.
A. most B. almost C. nearly D. mostly
23. It’s _____ necessary for people to know the importance of protecting all the wildlife.
A. very B. rather C. quite D. too
24. These plastic flowers look so ___ that many people think they are real.
A. natural B. similar C. splendid D. fresh
25. — How can I get to the island
　 — You can' t get there ___ by swimming.
A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. less than
26. Of the two pictures, the left one looks ______ at a distance.
A. the better B. the best C. a little good D. better
27. If you wish to study hard, you must see films _____.
A. more often B. oftener C. less often D. fewer often
28. I bought a _____ table the day before yesterday.
A. small round wooden B. small wooden round
C. round wooden small D. round small wooden
29. It was a wonder that ____little food saved ____ many lives during the war.
A. so, such B. such, so C. so, so D. such, such
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