情态动词 [上下学期通用]
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课件28张PPT。Grammar情态动词
Modal Verbs should1) 表义务，责任，劝告，建议，“应该”
We should be more careful
with our eating.
He shouldn’t be staying up so late.
Well, you shouldn’t be reading a novel.
You should be reading your textbook.
Young people should learn how to use computer.should/ought to+have+过去分词结构的否定形式表示过去某事本不应该发生而发生了；其肯定形式表示过去应当做某事而没做。
You should not have told him about that.
You should have studied hard.2)用于疑问句，表礼貌客气地征求意见，请求指示或要求建议等Should I open the door for you?
What should we do?
Should we start right away?
Should he come to see you
right now?3) 表示说话人的情感：惊奇，疑惑，欣喜，失望，愤怒等。
How should I know？
It’s a pity that she should think so.
I was astonished that he should do such a thing.
Who should come but his angry father?4) 用于表推测或期待,含有“大概”“按理该”之意。
Jane should now be in New York.
They should be arriving now.
Should there be any difficult in getting the tickets?
---- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---- They ______ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. needV5)用于虚拟结构
It is necessary that he should return
it this morning.
He locked up the document lest
they should be lost.
I should stay out of trouble
if I were you.
6 )表示语气较强的假设：
Should it rain tomorrow the meeting would be postponed.7 )用于表示建议,命令要求,决定等的从句中.“应该,必须”
I suggested to him that he (should) adopt a different policy.
He gave orders that the prisoners (should)be set free.
He insisted that we (should) stay for lunch.ought to(1) You ought to do that again and again.
(2) We ought to be careful and oughtn’t to do that again.
(3) –Ought they to go now?
--Yes, they ought (to).
--No, they may not.
(No, they needn’t.)can/ could was/were able to doe.g. A blind man ___not judge colors. He ________________swim like a fish when he was young.Though he was tired,he _______ swim across the rivercancould / was able towas able to1.表能力时:2.表可能或推测时:
may/might 语气最不肯定,肯/否can 多用于疑问/否定句
could 较can不确定
must 一定，只用于肯定句should(按理该,估计)表推论,推测
ought to(理应,照说应该)
A:Look, someone is coming.
Who ___ it be?
B: It ___ be the headmaster.
C: It ____ be him.He has gone
to Shanghai.
B: It _____be Mr Zhang.He looks like the headmaster.
2）I don’t know his age.He could be thirty or thirty-five.canmaycan’t mustb.may/might have done
A: I didn’t see Erica yesterday.
B:She might have been ill,I guess.
can’t/couldn’t have done---
The streets are all dry. It couldn’t have rained during the night. must have done—
The streets are all wet . It must have rained during the night.
should have done---(按理应该)
They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.3.表责备时:
may/might have done(语气委婉）过去本可能---
can/could have done（语气委婉）过去本能---
should/ought to have done（语气强烈）过去本该---而未---
needn’t have done过去本不必---却做了---（无责备之意）a.He might have given you more help,even though he was very busy.
b.We could have taken part in the meeting.But we got up too late.
c.You should have finished your homework yesterday.
d.We needn’t have come to school.It is Sunday today.4.委婉的请求: 肯定回答
could can
might may
would will
a.-Could you lend me your book?
-Certainly, I ____.
b.-Would you do me a favor?
-Of course, I ___.canwill5.have to---(客观上)不得不做-- must----(主观上)不得不做---
There is no bus here, and you ______go on foot.
I won’t allow you to go by bike, you ____ go on foot.
have tomust6. A: Must we do it now?
B: Yes, you must/have to.
No, you needn’t.
you don’t need to.
you don’t have to.
A: Need I type this letter again?
B: Yes, you must/have to.
No, you needn’t.
No,you haven’t got to.
shall1)表说话人的意愿，如决心，允诺，命令，希望，威胁等You shall do exactly what I say.
You/He/They shall be paid enough
for their work.
There shall be no more wars.
We shall defend our country,
whatever the cost may be.2)用于征求对方意见（对方往往有某种权威）(1)Shall I close the door?
(2)--Shall he come in or just wait?
--Tell him to come in at once.
(3) What shall they do in the
evening?
(4) What shall be done with
these letters?3)用于规章，法律等(1) Visitors shall not pick flowers.
(2) This law shall have effect
internationally.Exercises:---- Write to me when you get home.
---- ______.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
2. ---- Will you stay for lunch?
---- Sorry, ______. My brother is coming.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
3. ---- Did you scold him for his carelessness?
---- Yes, but ______.
A. I’d rather not to B. I’d rather not have done
C. I shouldn’t do D. I’d better not do
VVV4. You didn’t go to the party yesterday, or I ______ you.
would see B. could see
might have seen D. might see
5. Look what you have done. You ______ have been careful.
should B. can C. must D. may
6. The cat ______ hibernate(冬眠) in winter.
A. don’t need B. doesn’t need to
C. needs not to D. needs not VVV7. Put on more clothes. You ______ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
8. The plant is dead. I ______ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given
C. must give D. should have given
9. I didn’t hear the phone. I ______ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have been
10. He was busy or he ______ her more help.
A. had given B. would give
C. could have given D. giveVVVVYou should work still harder.
Modal Verbs should1) 表义务，责任，劝告，建议，“应该”
We should be more careful
with our eating.
He shouldn’t be staying up so late.
Well, you shouldn’t be reading a novel.
You should be reading your textbook.
Young people should learn how to use computer.should/ought to+have+过去分词结构的否定形式表示过去某事本不应该发生而发生了；其肯定形式表示过去应当做某事而没做。
You should not have told him about that.
You should have studied hard.2)用于疑问句，表礼貌客气地征求意见，请求指示或要求建议等Should I open the door for you?
What should we do?
Should we start right away?
Should he come to see you
right now?3) 表示说话人的情感：惊奇，疑惑，欣喜，失望，愤怒等。
How should I know？
It’s a pity that she should think so.
I was astonished that he should do such a thing.
Who should come but his angry father?4) 用于表推测或期待,含有“大概”“按理该”之意。
Jane should now be in New York.
They should be arriving now.
Should there be any difficult in getting the tickets?
---- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---- They ______ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. needV5)用于虚拟结构
It is necessary that he should return
it this morning.
He locked up the document lest
they should be lost.
I should stay out of trouble
if I were you.
6 )表示语气较强的假设：
Should it rain tomorrow the meeting would be postponed.7 )用于表示建议,命令要求,决定等的从句中.“应该,必须”
I suggested to him that he (should) adopt a different policy.
He gave orders that the prisoners (should)be set free.
He insisted that we (should) stay for lunch.ought to(1) You ought to do that again and again.
(2) We ought to be careful and oughtn’t to do that again.
(3) –Ought they to go now?
--Yes, they ought (to).
--No, they may not.
(No, they needn’t.)can/ could was/were able to doe.g. A blind man ___not judge colors. He ________________swim like a fish when he was young.Though he was tired,he _______ swim across the rivercancould / was able towas able to1.表能力时:2.表可能或推测时:
may/might 语气最不肯定,肯/否can 多用于疑问/否定句
could 较can不确定
must 一定，只用于肯定句should(按理该,估计)表推论,推测
ought to(理应,照说应该)
A:Look, someone is coming.
Who ___ it be?
B: It ___ be the headmaster.
C: It ____ be him.He has gone
to Shanghai.
B: It _____be Mr Zhang.He looks like the headmaster.
2）I don’t know his age.He could be thirty or thirty-five.canmaycan’t mustb.may/might have done
A: I didn’t see Erica yesterday.
B:She might have been ill,I guess.
can’t/couldn’t have done---
The streets are all dry. It couldn’t have rained during the night. must have done—
The streets are all wet . It must have rained during the night.
should have done---(按理应该)
They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.3.表责备时:
may/might have done(语气委婉）过去本可能---
can/could have done（语气委婉）过去本能---
should/ought to have done（语气强烈）过去本该---而未---
needn’t have done过去本不必---却做了---（无责备之意）a.He might have given you more help,even though he was very busy.
b.We could have taken part in the meeting.But we got up too late.
c.You should have finished your homework yesterday.
d.We needn’t have come to school.It is Sunday today.4.委婉的请求: 肯定回答
could can
might may
would will
a.-Could you lend me your book?
-Certainly, I ____.
b.-Would you do me a favor?
-Of course, I ___.canwill5.have to---(客观上)不得不做-- must----(主观上)不得不做---
There is no bus here, and you ______go on foot.
I won’t allow you to go by bike, you ____ go on foot.
have tomust6. A: Must we do it now?
B: Yes, you must/have to.
No, you needn’t.
you don’t need to.
you don’t have to.
A: Need I type this letter again?
B: Yes, you must/have to.
No, you needn’t.
No,you haven’t got to.
shall1)表说话人的意愿，如决心，允诺，命令，希望，威胁等You shall do exactly what I say.
You/He/They shall be paid enough
for their work.
There shall be no more wars.
We shall defend our country,
whatever the cost may be.2)用于征求对方意见（对方往往有某种权威）(1)Shall I close the door?
(2)--Shall he come in or just wait?
--Tell him to come in at once.
(3) What shall they do in the
evening?
(4) What shall be done with
these letters?3)用于规章，法律等(1) Visitors shall not pick flowers.
(2) This law shall have effect
internationally.Exercises:---- Write to me when you get home.
---- ______.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
2. ---- Will you stay for lunch?
---- Sorry, ______. My brother is coming.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
3. ---- Did you scold him for his carelessness?
---- Yes, but ______.
A. I’d rather not to B. I’d rather not have done
C. I shouldn’t do D. I’d better not do
VVV4. You didn’t go to the party yesterday, or I ______ you.
would see B. could see
might have seen D. might see
5. Look what you have done. You ______ have been careful.
should B. can C. must D. may
6. The cat ______ hibernate(冬眠) in winter.
A. don’t need B. doesn’t need to
C. needs not to D. needs not VVV7. Put on more clothes. You ______ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
8. The plant is dead. I ______ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given
C. must give D. should have given
9. I didn’t hear the phone. I ______ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have been
10. He was busy or he ______ her more help.
A. had given B. would give
C. could have given D. giveVVVVYou should work still harder.