课件49张PPT。Modal Verbs 1 had better
should
ought toHad betterHad better 是一个固定词组，表示可取，意为“最好”，“应该”，常用一般式。
E.g,
You’d better get some rest.
We’d better stop now.
You better say yes if they ask you this question.(有时可以省略had)Should should 表示义务，意为“应该”或“应当”。
E.g
You should do what your parents tell you.
He should look for a job, but he doesn’t want to.
How should I know?
I suggest that you should stay here till your teacher comes.Should （考点1）should 用于完成时中的肯定句，表示应完成而未完成的动作。
E.g,1.He looks so ill. He should have stayed at home.
should 用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作。
E.g, 1. They shouldn’t have left the classroom.
1. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night. ( )
mustn’t go
B shouldn’t go
C.could have gone
D.shouldn’t have gone should 标推测时，暗含可能性很大。
The film should be very good because it has first-class actors.
should 可用在某些从句中，表虚拟语气。
I suggest that you (should) obey the rules in your new company.
I advise that you finish your homework without any help from your classmates.Should （考点2） ought to ought to 用于表示"想必会"(语气较must 弱)：
1. They ought to be there by now. 他们想必已到那儿了。
2. He ought to stop smoking. 他最好不要抽烟了。
多数情况下，ought to可与should互换使用。
Ought to的反意疑问句用shouldn’t替代。
13. You ought to have helped him with his English, ________ you ?
A. won’t you
B. ought not you
C. shouldn’t you
D. wouldn’t you
比较had better, should & ought to 三者均表示建议，意为“应该”，“应当”或“最好做…”.
三者的语气程度为渐强。
Had better指一般性的建议，最弱。
Should&ought to含义相近，常可互换。区别在于，ought to常指特殊情况下的“应当”。Should则指一般情况。见下页例句。You ought to help him because he is in trouble now.(语气强，有命令意味。)
You should have a rest after finishing your sports.（一般性建议）
You ought to call the police when you find something wrong in your house.
He should take care of the babies tonight. must
can/could
may/mightModal Verbs 2 must
1. 表示义务，意为“必须”。（主观意志）
We must do everything step by step.
Being a student, you must try your best to pass the exams.
You are an adult, you must take the responsibilities to your behaviors.
I must go now as my boyfriend is waiting for me outside.Must --Must we hand in our homework now?
--No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.
对must的问句，肯定回答用must或have to而否定回答一般不用mustn’t，因为mustn’t表示禁止，用needn’t或don’t have to，意思是“不必”。
In the classroom, you must not smoke.
--Must I leave now?
--No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to.
must （考点1）2 must 表示推断或揣测。意为“想必，一定，准是。” 且只用于肯定句。
He must be ill, because he looks so pale.
You must be tired after your long walking.
Look! He is driving such a good car, he must have earned a large amount of money abroad.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.must （考点2）Have to have to 表示客观需要去做的事情，意为“必须，不得不。”
I have to get the station early to catch the first train.
We missed the bus so we had to walk home.
We have to overcome all kinds of difficulties.
Have to 有多种时态。常见的有：一般将来时，
We will have to gather at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.
一般现在时
I have to take more money with me because my gf has so much to buy.
一般过去时
Finally, we had to give up our idea to hold a picnic outside as it rained for a whole afternoon.Have to （考点） must表主观意志，而have to表由于客观因素不得不做完成的事情。
Must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过去的时间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用had to代替。
I told her that she must give up smoking.
She said, “We had to get everything ready that night.”比较must & have to情态动词must,can/could,may/might 表推测 1 肯定句中用must（一定，很可能），may（可能），could/might（也许，或许）
语气程度依次减弱，即，must为十分肯定，may把握不大，might/could可能性很小。
Ps：might/could并非过去时态，只是语气较委婉，或因说话者认为可能性小而不敢肯定的一种手法。推测modal verbs （考点1） 肯定句中对当前行为，状态的推测句型。
must/may/could+do/be…
He must come from Africa.
肯定句中对此时此刻正在进行动作的推测。
must/may/could+be doing…
The student may be still waiting for his teacher in the office.
肯定句中对过去发生的事情的推测。
must/may/could+have done…
They may have finished the work yesterday,
because I saw them shopping in the supermarket. 在否定句中用can not/ could not 或may not/might not表推测
It’s snowing outside. He can’t be on the playground.
The classroom can’t have been cleaned by Tom, because I saw him playing football at that time yesterday. 推测modal verbs （考点2）在疑问句中，常用can表示“可能”。
Who can it be?
How can he solve such a hard work?
I lost touch with him for many years, where can you find his address? 推测modal verbs （考点3）推测modal verbs （考点4）He must be reading, isn’t he?
You must do it yourself, don’t you?
He may have gone over the article, hasn’t he?
It may have rained last night, didn’t it can
be able toModal Verbs 3 can & be able to 同与异? 二者表示能力，泛指能力(具有知识、技巧、本领而能读书、游泳、说英语，踢足球等)
I could / was able to swim well when I was only ten.
? 如果指过去具体某时或某个场合能(设法)做到某事succeeded in doing sth./managed to do sth.),在否定句中两者都可用,
We had a holiday yesterday, but couldn’t / weren’t able to go to the seaside.
? 在肯定陈述句和疑问句中,只能用be able to.
He didn’t agree with me at first, but I was able to persuade him.
How many children was he able to save from the flood?
shall
need
dare
will/would/used to Modal Verbs 41）用于第一人称表将来。I shall go to work after I have finished school.
2）用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。
Shall he come in? — Come in, please.
3）用于二、三人称肯定句，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。
You shall be punished if you insist on doing it this way.Shall 的考点Need 情态动词与实义动词比较need “必需” “需要” ;
--- Must I be here before 9 o’clock ?
--- No, you needn’t. (不能说: No, you mustn’t.)
--- Need I be here before 9 o’clock?
--- Yes, you must. (不能说: Yes, you need.)
注意: 1) need作情态动词, 不能用于肯定陈述句, 在陈述句中,应该用need的实义动词表达.
You need to be here before 9 o’clock.
(不能说: You need be here before 9 o’clock.)
2) 回答Must/Need开头的问句, 不能说:Yes, you need./No, you mustn’t.
dare (过去式 dared) “敢于…”He dare not go into the building even in the daytime.
How dare you ask me such a question?
If you dare say that again, you shall be punished.
注意:
dare作情态动词时,不能用于肯定陈述句中(if条件句除外).
在肯定陈述句中, 要用dare的实义动词来表达 “敢于”.在实义动词dare的否定句中,可以省去后面的to.
不能说: He dare go into the building in the dark night.
正确： He dares to go into the building in the dark night.
正确： He doesn’t dare (to ) tell us the truth.
dare (过去式 dared) “敢于…”表示习惯性动作或状态 will 指现在 “往往…” 、“总是…” 、“就会…”
Fish will die out of water.
He’ll talk for hours if you give the chance.
would 指过去 “常常…” “总是…” (对现在没有暗示)
比较: used to 指过去 “常常…” “总是” (暗示现在不再如此)
She would / used to stand and talk with her neighbors in front of the house as she had breakfast. will (过去式would)用于各种人称,表示意愿,意志. I will stick to my plan though all of you are against it.
I told him to give up smoking, but he wouldn’t listen.
情态动词 + 完成式动词 (指过去的动作或情况)may / might have done sth. 可能做过(了)某事
can’t / couldn’t have done sth. 不可能做了某事
must have done sth. 准是做了某事
needn’t have done sth. 本不必做某事(实际上已做)
could have done sth. 本可以做某事 (实际上没做)
should have done sth. 本应做某事 (实际上没做)
ought to have done sth. 本应做某事 (实际上没做)
shouldn’t have done sth.本不应做某事 (实际上已做)
oughtn’t to have done sth. 本不应做某事 (实际上已做)
1、了解情态动词的完成式用法（一）should /ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感彩
例1：I told Sally how to get there,
but perhaps I ____for her.(NMET94)
had to write it out
must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out例2：
I was really anxious about you, you_____home without a word.(NMET2001)
A. mustn’t leave
B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left
D. needn’t leave （二）may/might have done可能已做 must have done 一定已做 can’t have done不可能做例1：--Where is my pen?
-- I _____it.(NMET88)
A. might lose B. wouldn’t have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost例2： The light in his room is still on, so he _____ to bed. A. mustn’t have gone B. must have gone C. shouldn’t have gone D. can’t have gone析：选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉了，应填can’t have gone 。(三）could have done指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感彩 You could at least have sent five cards.你至少可以寄5张明信片的。2、熟悉情态动词委婉用法：
could, would, might等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达， 如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等，might还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小， might和could表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成may, can.例1：--Could I borrow your dictionary?—Yes, of course you____. A. might B. will C. can D. should析：选C。该句用can的委婉表达式could 来征求对方意见，could 和might通用，但回答时必须还成can或may，因此该题不选A.例2：____you mind my smoking here? A. Should B Could C. Might D. Would析：选D。征求对方意见我是否在这儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以应选委婉的表达方式would you mind…来征求对方意见。3、弄清情态动词的异化现象有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某
个角度不能继续使用该情态动词， 而改用别的动词。 例1：--Must I start at once? —No, you____. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. won’t析：A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必”，而mustn’t表示“不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用needn’t表示“不必”，但肯定句回答继续用must。例2：--Need I hand in my exercise book at once? —Yes, you_____. A. must B. need C. can D. will析：选A。根据规定need用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成must,而作否定回答时，使用need的否定式needn’t。4、掌握征求意见情态动词的回答不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求对方意见，但人称上有时有特殊要求，请看下表： 例1：--_____I tell John about it? --No, you needn’t. I have told him already.(NMET94) A. Shall B. Will C. Can D. May析：选A。从回答句“No, you needn’t”的语境可知，问句征求对方意见，表示“需要”而且用语第一人称，要使用shall。例2：_____you please help me with my English? A. Would B. Do C. Shall D. Can析：A。次句表示追求对方意见，有“愿意 ”之意，而且又用于地二人称，应选用would。1、情态动词可表示某一特定的语气或态度：① can表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句）How can you be so careless?
② may可以表示祈使句，表示祝愿。May we never forget each other.
③Why/How should结构表示说话人对某事不理解、感到意外、等意思，常译为“竞会”。How should I know?
5、注意下列细节：2、shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、许诺或威胁。You shall have the book when I finish it.
3、cannot…too/enough表示“无论如何、、、也不过分” “越、、、越好”: You cannot be too careful.
4、cannot but+do sth.表示“不得不，只好”： I could not but choose to go.
5、may well/may as well. 前者为“完全能、很可能”=to be likely to He may well be proud of his son.后者为“最好，满可以”=had better You may as well stay here over the night.
注意区分情态动词否定式表达含义：①或许不may not; might not ②不可能can’t ③不能够can’t ④不许可may not; can’t;mustn’t ⑤不必needn’t ⑥不应该shouldn’t; oughtn’t to课件37张PPT。高考考题:
1. I thought you _____like something to read, so
I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. would D. must
2. Where is my pen? I ____it.
A. might lose B. would have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost
3. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___asleep
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have beenB D B 4. ---There were already five people in the car,
but they managed to take me as well.
----It ____a comfortable journey
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
5. It’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack ___be here at
any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. could
D C1. A computer ______ think for itself; it must
be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t
C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly
but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would
C. could D. was able toA D 3. They will ______ run this machine on their
own in three months.
A. can B. could C. may D. be able to
4. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 people.
A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able toD A 5. — Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
6. — Might I watch TV after supper?
— Yes, you ________.
A. may B. must C. might D. can
C A 7. You ______ return the book now. You can
keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
8. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you
______ hurt yourself.
A. won’t ; can’t B. mustn’t ; may
C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’tC B 9. --Will you stay for lunch?
--Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t
C. I needn’t D. I won’t
10. --May I pick a flower in the garden?
-- ________.
A. No, you needn’t B. Not, please.
C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’tB C 情态动词考题:1. Put on more clothes. You ??????? be feeling cold
with only a shirt on. ? A. can? B. could? C. must? D. would
2. "Must I drive to his house and pick up the
children?" ?
"No, ??????? ." ? A. you shouldn't? B. you might not ?
C. you needn't ? D. you mustn'tC C 3. We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday.
He ??????? it. ? A. mustn't have attended?
B. cannot have attended ? C. needn't have attended?
D. would have not attended
4. We ??????? play chess than bridge. Some of us
don't know how to play bridge. ? A. had better? B. would better?
C. would rather? D. had rather
B A 5. There is someone knocking at the door. ???????
it be Tom? ? A. can? B. must? C. should? D. ought to
6. Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle.
If you live in town, it is often faster than a car
and you ??????? worry about parking.
?? A. must not?? B. may not??
C. should not?? D. don't have to
A D 1.–May I sit beside you, sir?
--- No, you ______. My girlfriend is coming soon.
can’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
2.-- _____ I speak to Mary, please?
--Sorry, she____ come to the phone because she isn’t in.
A. Might; won’t B. Can’t; mustn’t
C. May; can’t D. Couldn’t; shouldn’t1.--Is John coming by train?
--He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving
his car. (2002高考题）
A. must B. can C. need D. may
2.It has been announced that candidates(候选人)
____ remain in their seats until all the papers
have been collected. (2002上海高考题）
A. can B.will C. may D. shall
3.--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last
winter. (2002北京高考题）
--It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
3. --- I want to know if I _ smoke here.
--- No, you____ . Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?
can; needn’t B. must; can’t
C. shall; won’t D. may; mustn’t
4. My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always ____ look it up.
A. must B. should
C. would D. has to5. --- ____ you pass me the English magazine, please?
--- Sure. Here you are.
Could B. Need C. Must D. Might
6. ---Must I go to work with you?
--- No, you_____. Linda ______ go with me.
A. mustn’t; can B. can’t; has to
C. daren’t; should D. needn’t; mayD7. --- __ I tell Mary the test results?
--- No, you____. She’s already got the score.
A. Will; won’t B. Shall; needn’t
C. May; mustn’t D. Can; don’t
8. You ____ be careful when crossing here. The traffic lights aren’t working.
A. might B. ought to
C. could D. mayBB9. ---Could I borrow your bicycle?
--- Yes, of course you_____.
will B. should C. can D. need
10. Joan_____ come with us this afternoon, but she isn’t very sure yet.
A. can B. may C. must D. willCB11. I _____ ask you the question because I think I _____ be wrong.
daren’t; must B. mustn’t; can
C. needn’t; may D. can’t; should
12. It’s nearly eight o’clock. Mike _____ be here at any moment.
A. need B. has to
C. should D. can13. The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
A. had to B. would
C. could D. was able to
14.---What do you think of this answer?
---I don’t think it ____ be right.
should B. might
C. must D. canDD15. --- Is John coming by train?
--- He should, but he ___. He likes driving his car.
A. can’t B. needn’t
C. may not D. mustn’t
16. He doesn’t have to work tomorrow, but you have got to, ____ you?
don’t B. haven’t
C. haven’t got D. can’tCB17. You_____ wake me up when I fall asleep, ______ you?
A. haven’t better; have
B. would not rather; would
C. had better not; should
D. had not better; must18. ---Why! I couldn’t get you on the phone this morning.
--- We _____ tennis in the yard when you phone me.
could be playing
B. must be playing
C. must have been playing
D. should have played
19. --- We didn’t see him at the lecture.
--- Neither did anybody else. He _____ it.
A. may not have attended
B. mustn’t attend
C. can’t have attended
D. couldn’t attend20. ---I came here by taxi and the driver charged me 50 yuan.
---Really? You _____ have come by bus.
could B. must C. may D. should
21. --- Do you still remember when we went to the Great Wall?
--- I can’t remember it well, but _____ it have been sometime last May?
A. should B. must
C. could D. would22. ---I wonder why Mr Lin didn’t come to work.
--- He____ have been ill.
needn’t
B. should
C. might
D. can
23. ---No one passed the mathematics examination today.
---I guess we ____ the exercise last night.
could review
B. should review
C. might review
D. should have reviewed24. She_____ the hospital so soon, for she hasn’t yet recovered.
wouldn’t have left
B. shouldn’t have left
C. needn’t leave
D. hadn’t left25. Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today? I ______ all the way here through the heavy snow.
needn’t have driven
B. can’t have driven
C. must have driven
D. shouldn’t have driven.26. The book is neither yours nor mine. Whose ______ it be?
A. must B. may C. should D. can
27. It is surprising that he ____ have been so foolish.
A. must B. could
C. should D. can28. It must have rained last night, _____ it?
A. mustn’t B. can’t
C. hasn’t D. didn’t
29.---Will you stay for lunch?
--- Sorry, I _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. mustn’t B. can’t
C. needn’t D. won’t30. --- Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
--- I’m not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would
C. should D. might.
31. Michael ____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
needn’t B. can’t
C. should D. may√ 32. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How ___ it be that he was late for the ceremony?
can B. should C. may D. must
√ 33. –I stayed at a hotel while in New York?
-- Oh did you? You ____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. must have stayed D. would stay√ 34. If I ___go with you, I would feel very glad.
can B. could C. should D. may
35.There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You___ come, but why didn’t you?
must have B. should
C. need have D. ought to have√ √ 36.—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--They ___ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
37. I didn’t hear the phone. I ____ asleep.
must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have been√ √ 38. I ___ do all the difficult work for you.
haven’t got to B. not have got to
C. have got not to D. have got to not
39. Sorry I’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will√ √ 40. If I had time, I ____ go with you.
A. can B. will C. may D. might√
