情态动词用法[下学期]
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课件27张PPT。情态动词
Modal Verbs情 态 动 词 的 定 义 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？
Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？
You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 情 态 动 词 的 位 置 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中， 情态动词放在主语之前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看见你，过来吧。
He must have been away. 他一定走了。
What can I do for you? 你要什么？
How dare you treat us like that!
你怎么敢那样对待我们! 特 点 情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。
He could be here soon. 他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起，我帮不上你。 情 态 动 词 的 用 法1. can (could) 表示说话人能, 可以, 同意, 准许, 以及客观条件许可, could 为 can 的过去式。
Can you pass me the books?
你能给我递一下书吗 ?
Could you help me, please? 请问, 你能帮助我吗?
What can you do? 你能干点什么呢?
Can you be sure? 你有把握吗?
can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态，将来时态用be able to 来表示。
He could help us at all.
他完全可以帮助我们。
With the teacher’s help, I will be able to speak English correctly.
有老师的帮助, 我将能准确地讲英语。 2. may (might) “可以”，表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。
You may take the book home.
你可以把书带回家去。
May I use your dictionary?
我可以用你的词典吗?
He said he might lend us some money.
他说他可以借给我们一些钱。
may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn’t。might 是may 的过去式，有两种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、 客气或对可能性的怀疑。
He told me he might be here on time.
他说他能按时间来。
Might I borrow some money now?
我可以借点钱吗?
He might be alive. 他可能还活着。3. must “必须；应该；一定；准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。
I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。
You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作。
Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗?
After such a long walk, you must be tired.
走了这么长的路, 你一定累了。
He must be the man I am looking for.
他一定是我要找的人。 值得注意的是：
must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to “不得不,必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。
You must do it now.
你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)
I have to go now. 我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)
You must be here on time next time.
你下次一定要按时来。
I have to cook for my child. 我得给孩子做饭。 4. need “需要”，多用在否定式或疑问句中.
Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?
我需要明天参加会议吗?
You need not hand in the paper this week.
这一周你不必交论文。
need 是一个情态动词，还可当作实义动词使用。这时 need 就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数， 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。
I need a bike to go to school. 我上学需要一辆自行车。
Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗?
She needs a necklace. 她需要一条项链。 5. dare “敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。
The little girl dare not speak in public.
小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。
Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗?
dare 除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用， 用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。
Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗？
He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。6. ought “应当；应该”，后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 意思相当于should.
You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.
如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。
You ought to bring the child here.
你应该把孩子带来。 7. will (would) 表决心、愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, 可用于各人称。
I'll do my best to catch up with them.
我要尽全力赶上他们。
I'll never do it again, that's the last time.
我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。
He said he would help me. 他说他会帮助我。
will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。
It's hot. Will you open the windows?
天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?
Will you help me to work it out?
你能帮我解这道题吗?
Would you like some coffee？ 给你来点咖啡怎样？
You should hand in the exercise book.
你应该交作业本儿了。
Shall we go now? 我们现在可以走了吗?
Why should I meet him？ 为什么我要见他? 用在I’m surprised, It is a pity, It is unthinkable 等结构中表示：惊讶，惋惜。
It is a pity that he should fail in the entrance examination.
他没考取，真是可惜。8. shall, should 表示职责, 建议, 惊奇情态动词表示推测 must, may, might, can都可以用来表示推测。must表示对事情的肯定性推测“一定”。 may, can 和might 都表示对事情的可能性推测。
This must be Jim’s pen. (一般)
You must be joking.(正在进行)
You must have seen the film.(过去)注意：must表示推测时的否定形式是can’t。mustn't表示“禁止”。表示推测的句子的反意疑问句He must be in the classroom, ___________?
Tom must have heard of the news, _________?
Her mother must be preparing supper for her, ________?
It must have rained last night, ________? isn’t she isn’t he hasn’t he根据不推测时的情况添加，跟情态动词没有任何关系。 didn’t it 情态动词+完成形式当情态动词表示对过去的动作说明时，需要用
完成时形式。但每个情态动词表示的意思不同。
1. needn’t have done表示一种已经做过的但并无必要的行为。
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
你本来不必浇花的，因为天要下雨了。
2. should have done 表示应该做的事而没有做，其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生但发生了。
You should have given her more help.
He should have finished the work by now.
She shouldn’t have left the hospital, for she hadn’t recovered.3. can’t have done 是must have done 的否定形式。
Mary cannot have gone to the party last night.情态动词专练题1.Put on more clothes. You ??????? be feeling cold with only a shirt on. ?A. can? B. could? C. must? D. would
2. — Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?
— No, ________. ?A. you shouldn't? B. you might not C. you needn't ?D. you mustn't
3.You ??????? to attend the meeting, but you didn't. ?A. should come? B. would have come ?
C. came? D. should have come
4.We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He ??????? it. ?A. mustn't have attended? B. cannot have attended ?C. needn't have attended? D. would have not attended
5.Tom went on foot, but he ??????? by bus. ?A. might go? B. may go?
C. could have gone? D. ought have gone 6.We ??????? play chess than bridge. Some of us don't know how to play bridge. ?A. had better? B. would better? C. would rather? D. had rather
7.There is someone knocking at the door. ??????? it be Tom? ?A. Can? B. Must? C. Should? D. Ought
8.There was a lot of time. He ??????? . ?A. mustn't have hurried? B. needn't have hurried ?C. could have hurried? D. ought to have hurried
9."We didn't study Chemistry last night, but we ??????? ." ?A. had studied? B. could? C. should? D. could have
10.One ought ??????? for what one hasn't done. ??A. not to be punished?? B. to not be punished ??C. to not punished?? D. not be punished 11."May I pick a flower in the garden?" " ??????? ." ??A. No, you needn't?? B. Not, please ??
C. No, you mustn't?? D. No, you won't
12."Could I call you by your first name?" "Yes, you ??????? ." ??A. will?? B. could?? C. may?? D. might
13.Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you ??????? worry about parking.
??A. must not?? B. may not?? C. should not? D. don't have to
14.I didn't see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ??????? at the meeting. ??A. mustn't have spoken?? B. shouldn't have spoken ??C. needn't have spoken?? D. couldn't have spoken
15.I wonder how he ??????? that to the teacher. ??A. dare to say?? B. dare saying??
C. not dare say?? D. dared say 16.You ??????? take your umbrella. I am sure it won't rain. ??A. shouldn't?? B. can't??
C. don't have to?? D. mustn't
17.The dog ??????? hibernate in winter. ??A. don't need? ? B. doesn't need to ??
C. needs not to?? D. needs not
18.Look what you have done. You ??????? have been careful. ??A. should?? B. can?? C. must?? D. may
19.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I ??????? him. ??A. would see?? B. could meet??
C. might have seen?? D. might see
20. — Let's go to the cinema, shall we?
— ??????? ?
??A. No, I can't?? B. Yes, I will??
C. Yes, thank you?? D. No, we'd better not 21.If you had been more careful, you ??????? have made so many mistakes. A. won't?? B. wouldn't?? C. may not?? D. mustn't
22.Whenever Mother was not here, the children ??????? make a lot of noise. A. will?? B. would?? C. were to?? D. were going to
23.Why is it so dark. There ??????? be a heavy rain coming. ??A. shall?? B. may?? C. should?? D. will
24.Tom is late. What ??????? to him? ??A. should have happened?? B. must have happened ??C. can have happened?? D. would have happened
25.Tom, you ??????? play with the knife, you ??????? hurt yourself. ??A. won't, could?? B. mustn't, may??
C. shouldn't, must?? D. can't, should 26. “Can you imagine how ??????? about it?” ?? “No, I can't.” ??A. could they know possibly?? B. could they possibly know ??C. they could possibly know?? D. possibly they could know
27.Tom ??????? full marks, but he was too careless ??????? a spelling mistake. ??A. could gain, to make?? B. could have gained, to make ??C. could have gained, and made?? D. could have gained, as to make
28.I wonder how she ??????? the drunken sailor the other day. ??A. dare fighting off?? B. dared fight off??
C. dare to fight off?? D. dared fighting off
29. — ??????? the man there be our new teacher?
— He ??????? be, but I'm not sure.
??A. May, mustn't?? B. Can, may?? C. Must, can't?? D. Can, can't
30. — Someone is knocking at the door. Who ??????? it be? ?? — It ??????? be Tom. He is still in the school. ??A. can, can't?? B. can, mustn't?? C. might, could? D. might, may Good-bye!
Modal Verbs情 态 动 词 的 定 义 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？
Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？
You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 情 态 动 词 的 位 置 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中， 情态动词放在主语之前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看见你，过来吧。
He must have been away. 他一定走了。
What can I do for you? 你要什么？
How dare you treat us like that!
你怎么敢那样对待我们! 特 点 情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。
He could be here soon. 他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起，我帮不上你。 情 态 动 词 的 用 法1. can (could) 表示说话人能, 可以, 同意, 准许, 以及客观条件许可, could 为 can 的过去式。
Can you pass me the books?
你能给我递一下书吗 ?
Could you help me, please? 请问, 你能帮助我吗?
What can you do? 你能干点什么呢?
Can you be sure? 你有把握吗?
can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态，将来时态用be able to 来表示。
He could help us at all.
他完全可以帮助我们。
With the teacher’s help, I will be able to speak English correctly.
有老师的帮助, 我将能准确地讲英语。 2. may (might) “可以”，表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。
You may take the book home.
你可以把书带回家去。
May I use your dictionary?
我可以用你的词典吗?
He said he might lend us some money.
他说他可以借给我们一些钱。
may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn’t。might 是may 的过去式，有两种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、 客气或对可能性的怀疑。
He told me he might be here on time.
他说他能按时间来。
Might I borrow some money now?
我可以借点钱吗?
He might be alive. 他可能还活着。3. must “必须；应该；一定；准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。
I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。
You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作。
Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗?
After such a long walk, you must be tired.
走了这么长的路, 你一定累了。
He must be the man I am looking for.
他一定是我要找的人。 值得注意的是：
must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to “不得不,必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。
You must do it now.
你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)
I have to go now. 我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)
You must be here on time next time.
你下次一定要按时来。
I have to cook for my child. 我得给孩子做饭。 4. need “需要”，多用在否定式或疑问句中.
Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?
我需要明天参加会议吗?
You need not hand in the paper this week.
这一周你不必交论文。
need 是一个情态动词，还可当作实义动词使用。这时 need 就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数， 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。
I need a bike to go to school. 我上学需要一辆自行车。
Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗?
She needs a necklace. 她需要一条项链。 5. dare “敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。
The little girl dare not speak in public.
小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。
Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗?
dare 除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用， 用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。
Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗？
He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。6. ought “应当；应该”，后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 意思相当于should.
You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.
如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。
You ought to bring the child here.
你应该把孩子带来。 7. will (would) 表决心、愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, 可用于各人称。
I'll do my best to catch up with them.
我要尽全力赶上他们。
I'll never do it again, that's the last time.
我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。
He said he would help me. 他说他会帮助我。
will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。
It's hot. Will you open the windows?
天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?
Will you help me to work it out?
你能帮我解这道题吗?
Would you like some coffee？ 给你来点咖啡怎样？
You should hand in the exercise book.
你应该交作业本儿了。
Shall we go now? 我们现在可以走了吗?
Why should I meet him？ 为什么我要见他? 用在I’m surprised, It is a pity, It is unthinkable 等结构中表示：惊讶，惋惜。
It is a pity that he should fail in the entrance examination.
他没考取，真是可惜。8. shall, should 表示职责, 建议, 惊奇情态动词表示推测 must, may, might, can都可以用来表示推测。must表示对事情的肯定性推测“一定”。 may, can 和might 都表示对事情的可能性推测。
This must be Jim’s pen. (一般)
You must be joking.(正在进行)
You must have seen the film.(过去)注意：must表示推测时的否定形式是can’t。mustn't表示“禁止”。表示推测的句子的反意疑问句He must be in the classroom, ___________?
Tom must have heard of the news, _________?
Her mother must be preparing supper for her, ________?
It must have rained last night, ________? isn’t she isn’t he hasn’t he根据不推测时的情况添加，跟情态动词没有任何关系。 didn’t it 情态动词+完成形式当情态动词表示对过去的动作说明时，需要用
完成时形式。但每个情态动词表示的意思不同。
1. needn’t have done表示一种已经做过的但并无必要的行为。
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
你本来不必浇花的，因为天要下雨了。
2. should have done 表示应该做的事而没有做，其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生但发生了。
You should have given her more help.
He should have finished the work by now.
She shouldn’t have left the hospital, for she hadn’t recovered.3. can’t have done 是must have done 的否定形式。
Mary cannot have gone to the party last night.情态动词专练题1.Put on more clothes. You ??????? be feeling cold with only a shirt on. ?A. can? B. could? C. must? D. would
2. — Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?
— No, ________. ?A. you shouldn't? B. you might not C. you needn't ?D. you mustn't
3.You ??????? to attend the meeting, but you didn't. ?A. should come? B. would have come ?
C. came? D. should have come
4.We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He ??????? it. ?A. mustn't have attended? B. cannot have attended ?C. needn't have attended? D. would have not attended
5.Tom went on foot, but he ??????? by bus. ?A. might go? B. may go?
C. could have gone? D. ought have gone 6.We ??????? play chess than bridge. Some of us don't know how to play bridge. ?A. had better? B. would better? C. would rather? D. had rather
7.There is someone knocking at the door. ??????? it be Tom? ?A. Can? B. Must? C. Should? D. Ought
8.There was a lot of time. He ??????? . ?A. mustn't have hurried? B. needn't have hurried ?C. could have hurried? D. ought to have hurried
9."We didn't study Chemistry last night, but we ??????? ." ?A. had studied? B. could? C. should? D. could have
10.One ought ??????? for what one hasn't done. ??A. not to be punished?? B. to not be punished ??C. to not punished?? D. not be punished 11."May I pick a flower in the garden?" " ??????? ." ??A. No, you needn't?? B. Not, please ??
C. No, you mustn't?? D. No, you won't
12."Could I call you by your first name?" "Yes, you ??????? ." ??A. will?? B. could?? C. may?? D. might
13.Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you ??????? worry about parking.
??A. must not?? B. may not?? C. should not? D. don't have to
14.I didn't see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ??????? at the meeting. ??A. mustn't have spoken?? B. shouldn't have spoken ??C. needn't have spoken?? D. couldn't have spoken
15.I wonder how he ??????? that to the teacher. ??A. dare to say?? B. dare saying??
C. not dare say?? D. dared say 16.You ??????? take your umbrella. I am sure it won't rain. ??A. shouldn't?? B. can't??
C. don't have to?? D. mustn't
17.The dog ??????? hibernate in winter. ??A. don't need? ? B. doesn't need to ??
C. needs not to?? D. needs not
18.Look what you have done. You ??????? have been careful. ??A. should?? B. can?? C. must?? D. may
19.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I ??????? him. ??A. would see?? B. could meet??
C. might have seen?? D. might see
20. — Let's go to the cinema, shall we?
— ??????? ?
??A. No, I can't?? B. Yes, I will??
C. Yes, thank you?? D. No, we'd better not 21.If you had been more careful, you ??????? have made so many mistakes. A. won't?? B. wouldn't?? C. may not?? D. mustn't
22.Whenever Mother was not here, the children ??????? make a lot of noise. A. will?? B. would?? C. were to?? D. were going to
23.Why is it so dark. There ??????? be a heavy rain coming. ??A. shall?? B. may?? C. should?? D. will
24.Tom is late. What ??????? to him? ??A. should have happened?? B. must have happened ??C. can have happened?? D. would have happened
25.Tom, you ??????? play with the knife, you ??????? hurt yourself. ??A. won't, could?? B. mustn't, may??
C. shouldn't, must?? D. can't, should 26. “Can you imagine how ??????? about it?” ?? “No, I can't.” ??A. could they know possibly?? B. could they possibly know ??C. they could possibly know?? D. possibly they could know
27.Tom ??????? full marks, but he was too careless ??????? a spelling mistake. ??A. could gain, to make?? B. could have gained, to make ??C. could have gained, and made?? D. could have gained, as to make
28.I wonder how she ??????? the drunken sailor the other day. ??A. dare fighting off?? B. dared fight off??
C. dare to fight off?? D. dared fighting off
29. — ??????? the man there be our new teacher?
— He ??????? be, but I'm not sure.
??A. May, mustn't?? B. Can, may?? C. Must, can't?? D. Can, can't
30. — Someone is knocking at the door. Who ??????? it be? ?? — It ??????? be Tom. He is still in the school. ??A. can, can't?? B. can, mustn't?? C. might, could? D. might, may Good-bye!