情态动词用法[下学期]
图片预览
文档简介
课件36张PPT。虚拟语气
Subjunctive mood虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式。
1. 用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；
2. 表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念 英语中的虚拟语气有2种构成形式：
were 型：即用did 或had done来表示
be 型： 即用should+do 表示并且should
可以省略。虚拟语气的构成形式Were 型虚拟语气一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中If you _________a few minutes earlier, you _________met him.
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。
2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. (与将来事实可能相反)
3. If I were you, I would go at once.
假如我是你的话，我会马上走。虚拟语气在 在条件从句中Were 型虚拟语气had comewould have(与过去事实相反)(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)Were 型虚拟语气二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首，形成倒装句型。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
Should he fail in the experiment…
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中Were 型虚拟语气三、错综时间的条件句
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：
If they __________hard, they _________it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he ___________my advice, he __________it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：had studiedcould dohad not takenwouldn't do四、一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气
Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的应用：Were 型虚拟语气She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.
A gentleman wouldn’t have said so.
--Why didn’t Henry come?
--He _____except she didn’t have time.
A. would have come B. will come
C. would come D. be comingA五、wish接宾语从句：
1) 现在：用过去式
2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done)
3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do
Were 型虚拟语气1. I wish she __________on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
2. I wish I were 30 years younger.
我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
3. I wish (that) you a good job.
我希望你能找到一个好职业。
4. He wished he _____________it.
他想要是他没这样做该多好。would bewould gethadn't doneWere 型虚拟语气六、在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中
当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。 I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 Were 型虚拟语气七、在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).
1. as if 连接表语从句
she looked as if she were made of ice.
她看起来似乎是冰做的
he looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.
2. as if 连接让步状语从 句
She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.
她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
八、 if only 意为：若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...;
只要, 只要...就好
表示现在的情况,应用过去式;
如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
If only I had arrived in time!
If only she didn’t drive so fast.Were 型虚拟语气Be 型虚拟语气一、这些动词后面接的宾语从句：
建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend) ，
要求(demand, request, require),
命令(order, command, direct),
坚持(insist, persist)
此外，还有prefer, intend, decide, permit等后的宾语从句中也要用should do.
虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 Be 型虚拟语气[例句]
1. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
2. The workers demanded that their wages
______________(raise) by 10%.
3. I prefer that you ___________(eat) the meat. 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 (should) be raised not eatBe 型虚拟语气insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气
Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，
即 should + do;
Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说, 坚决认为”时，用陈述语
气，表示事实。
Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。
Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 Be 型虚拟语气[例句]
The teacher suggested that we____________
(clean) the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
He insisted that he was right. 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 (should) cleanBe 型虚拟语气二、在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural, essential) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形.
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。虚拟语气在 在主语从句中Be 型虚拟语气三、主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
虚拟语气在 在表语从句中Be 型虚拟语气四、同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。
The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中Be 型虚拟语气1. 表示祝愿 用动词原型
May all your dreams come true!
May you have a long and happy life.
God bless you!
2. It’s (high/right) time that…
that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语可用过去时或should + do 常用过去时
It’s time that you left here.
虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气3.在for fear that, in order that, so that, lest引导的目的状语从句中用should do.
He reminded her twice of it lest she should forget.
I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb you.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用(should) do表示虚拟形式, 主要用于名词性从句中。
2、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。简单的归纳虚拟语气Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.
A. would have missed B. had missed
C. would miss D. missed
2. If I knew you were coming, I ___ you at the airport.
A. had met B. met
C. would meet D. would have metExercisesAD虚拟语气3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.)
A. listened B. had listened
C. should listen D. would listen
4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house.
A. sell B. sold
C. shall sell D. would sell
5. I wish this bus ___ to the university.
A. go B. went
C. has gone D. had goneBAB虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well.
A. get B. getting C. got D. should get
7. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there.
A. had been B. were C. was D. been
8. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then.
A. would lend B. would have lent
C. could lend D. may have lentCAB虚拟语气9. – Have you ever been to Beijing?
-- No, but I wish I ___.
A. have B. will C. do D. had
10. I don’t think it is the right time that you __.
A. will go B. went C. go D. must go
11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿. A. breaks?? B. has broken??
C. were broken?? D. had been broken DBC虚拟语气1.Everything ______ if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.
A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed
C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed
2.If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night,______.
A.you would meet John already
B. you won’t have missed John
C.you will have met John
D. you would have met John虚拟语气 3.Supposing this ship ______, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?
A. was sinking B. has sunk
C. were to sink D. sunk
4.The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation.
A. made B. make C. makes D. will make
5.Frankly, I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. don’t do C. didn’t do D. had not do虚拟语气 8.I wish our teacher ______ to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet.
A. isn’t going B. weren’t going
C. will not going D. could have gone
9.I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night.
A. went B. did go
C. could go D. could have gone虚拟语气10.It is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary.
A. be oiled B. must be oiled C. is oiled D. will oil
11.His English teacher recommends that he ______ a regular degree program.
A. begins B. begin C. will begin D. is beginning
12.We prefer that the plan ______ before being put into execution.
A. is fully discussed B. must be fully discussed
C. be fully discussed D. will be fully discussed虚拟语气13. ______,we could not have finished the work on time.
A. ?If they do not help us B. Was it not for their help
C. Should they offer to help us D. But for their help
14.Sally can’t have written to me, or ______ the letter by now.
A. I’ll get B. I’ll have got
C. I’d have got D. I’d get
虚拟语气15.We’re safer in a train than we would be if we ______ any other way.
A. traveled B. had traveled
C. travel D. have traveled
16. He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I ____ of hunger and cold.
A. would be died B. would have died
C. would die D . will have died
虚拟语气17.______ the fog, we should have reached our destination.
A. Because of B. In spite of
C. In case of D. But for
18.Did?you?go?to?watch?the?football?match?yesterday?????
-No,?I?didn’t?feel?well,?but?I?would?have?gone?if?I____.? ??A.?had????B.?did???????C.?would??????D.?was? 虚拟语气19.?Her?father?insists?that?she?___abroad.
???A.?go??????B.?goes???????C.?went?????D.?will?go?
20.?He?asks?that?the?message?___to?Mr.?Li?as?fast?as?possible.??? ?A.?take???B.?be?taken??C.?takes??D.?would?take?
Goodbye!
Subjunctive mood虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式。
1. 用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；
2. 表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念 英语中的虚拟语气有2种构成形式：
were 型：即用did 或had done来表示
be 型： 即用should+do 表示并且should
可以省略。虚拟语气的构成形式Were 型虚拟语气一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中If you _________a few minutes earlier, you _________met him.
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。
2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. (与将来事实可能相反)
3. If I were you, I would go at once.
假如我是你的话，我会马上走。虚拟语气在 在条件从句中Were 型虚拟语气had comewould have(与过去事实相反)(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)Were 型虚拟语气二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首，形成倒装句型。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
Should he fail in the experiment…
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中Were 型虚拟语气三、错综时间的条件句
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：
If they __________hard, they _________it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he ___________my advice, he __________it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：had studiedcould dohad not takenwouldn't do四、一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气
Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的应用：Were 型虚拟语气She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.
A gentleman wouldn’t have said so.
--Why didn’t Henry come?
--He _____except she didn’t have time.
A. would have come B. will come
C. would come D. be comingA五、wish接宾语从句：
1) 现在：用过去式
2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done)
3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do
Were 型虚拟语气1. I wish she __________on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
2. I wish I were 30 years younger.
我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
3. I wish (that) you a good job.
我希望你能找到一个好职业。
4. He wished he _____________it.
他想要是他没这样做该多好。would bewould gethadn't doneWere 型虚拟语气六、在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中
当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。 I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 Were 型虚拟语气七、在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).
1. as if 连接表语从句
she looked as if she were made of ice.
她看起来似乎是冰做的
he looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.
2. as if 连接让步状语从 句
She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.
她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
八、 if only 意为：若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...;
只要, 只要...就好
表示现在的情况,应用过去式;
如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
If only I had arrived in time!
If only she didn’t drive so fast.Were 型虚拟语气Be 型虚拟语气一、这些动词后面接的宾语从句：
建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend) ，
要求(demand, request, require),
命令(order, command, direct),
坚持(insist, persist)
此外，还有prefer, intend, decide, permit等后的宾语从句中也要用should do.
虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 Be 型虚拟语气[例句]
1. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
2. The workers demanded that their wages
______________(raise) by 10%.
3. I prefer that you ___________(eat) the meat. 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 (should) be raised not eatBe 型虚拟语气insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气
Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，
即 should + do;
Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说, 坚决认为”时，用陈述语
气，表示事实。
Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。
Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 Be 型虚拟语气[例句]
The teacher suggested that we____________
(clean) the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
He insisted that he was right. 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 (should) cleanBe 型虚拟语气二、在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural, essential) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形.
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。虚拟语气在 在主语从句中Be 型虚拟语气三、主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
虚拟语气在 在表语从句中Be 型虚拟语气四、同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。
The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中Be 型虚拟语气1. 表示祝愿 用动词原型
May all your dreams come true!
May you have a long and happy life.
God bless you!
2. It’s (high/right) time that…
that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语可用过去时或should + do 常用过去时
It’s time that you left here.
虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气3.在for fear that, in order that, so that, lest引导的目的状语从句中用should do.
He reminded her twice of it lest she should forget.
I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb you.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用(should) do表示虚拟形式, 主要用于名词性从句中。
2、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。简单的归纳虚拟语气Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.
A. would have missed B. had missed
C. would miss D. missed
2. If I knew you were coming, I ___ you at the airport.
A. had met B. met
C. would meet D. would have metExercisesAD虚拟语气3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.)
A. listened B. had listened
C. should listen D. would listen
4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house.
A. sell B. sold
C. shall sell D. would sell
5. I wish this bus ___ to the university.
A. go B. went
C. has gone D. had goneBAB虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well.
A. get B. getting C. got D. should get
7. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there.
A. had been B. were C. was D. been
8. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then.
A. would lend B. would have lent
C. could lend D. may have lentCAB虚拟语气9. – Have you ever been to Beijing?
-- No, but I wish I ___.
A. have B. will C. do D. had
10. I don’t think it is the right time that you __.
A. will go B. went C. go D. must go
11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿. A. breaks?? B. has broken??
C. were broken?? D. had been broken DBC虚拟语气1.Everything ______ if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.
A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed
C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed
2.If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night,______.
A.you would meet John already
B. you won’t have missed John
C.you will have met John
D. you would have met John虚拟语气 3.Supposing this ship ______, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?
A. was sinking B. has sunk
C. were to sink D. sunk
4.The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation.
A. made B. make C. makes D. will make
5.Frankly, I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. don’t do C. didn’t do D. had not do虚拟语气 8.I wish our teacher ______ to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet.
A. isn’t going B. weren’t going
C. will not going D. could have gone
9.I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night.
A. went B. did go
C. could go D. could have gone虚拟语气10.It is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary.
A. be oiled B. must be oiled C. is oiled D. will oil
11.His English teacher recommends that he ______ a regular degree program.
A. begins B. begin C. will begin D. is beginning
12.We prefer that the plan ______ before being put into execution.
A. is fully discussed B. must be fully discussed
C. be fully discussed D. will be fully discussed虚拟语气13. ______,we could not have finished the work on time.
A. ?If they do not help us B. Was it not for their help
C. Should they offer to help us D. But for their help
14.Sally can’t have written to me, or ______ the letter by now.
A. I’ll get B. I’ll have got
C. I’d have got D. I’d get
虚拟语气15.We’re safer in a train than we would be if we ______ any other way.
A. traveled B. had traveled
C. travel D. have traveled
16. He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I ____ of hunger and cold.
A. would be died B. would have died
C. would die D . will have died
虚拟语气17.______ the fog, we should have reached our destination.
A. Because of B. In spite of
C. In case of D. But for
18.Did?you?go?to?watch?the?football?match?yesterday?????
-No,?I?didn’t?feel?well,?but?I?would?have?gone?if?I____.? ??A.?had????B.?did???????C.?would??????D.?was? 虚拟语气19.?Her?father?insists?that?she?___abroad.
???A.?go??????B.?goes???????C.?went?????D.?will?go?
20.?He?asks?that?the?message?___to?Mr.?Li?as?fast?as?possible.??? ?A.?take???B.?be?taken??C.?takes??D.?would?take?
Goodbye!