情态动词[下学期]
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文档简介
Modal Verbs （情态动词）
要点归纳 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人和数的变化，但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to 的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not即构成其否定式。 另外, 在区别情态动词的使用时，请务必明确情态动词的分类原则，即： 语气, 推测判断, 责备及婉言劝说及虚拟语气; 同时更应
该注意情态动词与交际语法的紧密结合的使用.
典题剖析
1.---- Could I borrow your dictionary
---- Yes, of course, you ________. A. might B. will C. can D. should
[误点] 此题会给学生造成较为迷惑的选项是A. 因为学生更多的是从上面的提问中来得到答案, 进而忽略了固定回答的方式.
[解析] 本题考查学生对could和can的基本用法. 问句中could不是can的过去时态, 而是一种较为婉转的问题的方式及礼貌用语. 因此在回答问题的时候要用can. 同样,用情态动词would, might提问时要用 will和may 来回答. 正确答案为: C.
[捷径重点要求大家掌握情态动词的固定表达方式及表示语气时的具体要求.
2. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I ________ for her.
A. how to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
[误点此题重点的要求是要大家看清情态动词再使用时所表示的是什么概念. 由于大家对表示责备的概念不甚了解,因此有的同学会把第二个答案认为是固定的表达方式. 误以为可以翻译成“我必须把他写下来”.
[解析] “should have done sth.”或 “ought to have done sth.”则表示过去应该做而未做的事情, 这是含有自责之义, 译为: “本应该”.而第二个选项则是表示对过去发生的事情的推测与判断.第四个则是表示现在应该去做某事. 正确答案为: C.
[捷径] 在区别情态动词的使用时，请务必明确情态动词的分类原则， 即： 语气, 推测判断, 责备及婉言劝说 及虚拟语气.
二. 综合训练: 历届高考套题自我评估
1. I didn’t hear the phone. I ______ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should fall
2. If my lawyer ______ here last Saturday, he ______ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. were; would have prevented
C. were; would prevented D. had been; would prevent
3. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
4. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
5. If it ______ for the snow, we ______ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
6. Without electricity human life ______ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
7. Janny ______have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
8. ----Could I borrow your dictionary
----Yes, of course you ______.
A. might B. will C. can D. would
9. We ______ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
10. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
11. Tom ought not to ______ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell
C. be telling D. having told
12. ----If he ______, he ______ that food.
----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had net taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
13. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
14. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
15. ----Shall I tell John about it
----No, you ______. I have told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
16. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
17. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
18. ---- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
----It ______ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
19. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife. You ______ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
20. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
21. When he was there, he ______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
22.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ______ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
23. Sir, you ______ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn’t to B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
24. Jack ______ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. should have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived
25. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ______too cold for us to live on.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
26. Susan ______written a report like this.
A. can have B. mustn’t have C. can’t have D. ought to not have
27. I wonder how he ______ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
28. ______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
29.----When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
----They ______ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
30. ----I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
----Oh, did you You ______ with Barbrara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
31. Computers ______ extremely complicated problems in all scientific experiments.
A. are capable to work out B. could work out
C. can be able to work out D. are able to work out
32. All the homework given by the teacher ______ by the end of this week.
A. must have finished B. must have been finished
C. must be finished D. must finish
33.----Must I go with him
---- No, ______.
A. you must B. you have to C. you needn’t to D. you don’t have to
34. Anyone ______ stand and watch in the cinema when the film is on.
A. mustn’t be B. don’t have to C. must D. is not allowed to
35.----Where is our English teacher
----He ______ in the school library. I just came form the library and saw him reading there.
A. must have been B. must C. can be D. may be
36. It ______ yesterday, for the ground is wet.
A. must rain B. must be raining C. must have rained D. was raining
37.----Where is your grandma
----Oh, she ______ some shopping at the market now.
A. must be doing B. must done C. must have done D. can be doing
38. ----Do you have to leave now
----Sorry, but I really ______.
A. may B. can C. do so D. have to
39. ----Must he hand in his homework before class
----No, ______.
A. he can B. he must C. he won’t D. he needn’t
40. ----May I finish the job tomorrow
----No, ______, because they want to know the result late next week.
A. you mustn’t B. you needn’t C. you won’t D. you shouldn’t.
41.----We didn’t see Tom at the lecture yesterday.
----He ______ it. He had attended the same lecture before.
A. mustn’t attend B. can’t have attended
C. would have not attended D. needn’t have attended
42. Jape is two hours late. What ______
A. can have happened B. can happen
C. should have happened D. should happen
43. He went there on foot and got very tired, but he ______ by bus. The fare was rather cheap.
A. could have gone B. must have gone
C. ought have gone D. will have gone
44.----That man must be her husband.
----No, he ______ her husband, she remains single.
A. needn’t be B. mustn’t be C. shouldn’t be D. can’t be
45. She isn’t at home. It is Sunday and she ______ off with her family.
A. could have gone B. must go C. can have gone D. could go
46. You are really impatient. You ______ come in until you were called.
A. should have B. should C. won’t D. shouldn’t have
47.----I wonder why Tom is late.
----He ______ the bus.
A. can have missed B. could have missed
C. may have missed D. might miss
48.Mr Thomas, a director from the chief company, wants to see you. ______he come in or wait outside
A. Will B. Would C. Shall D. Should
49.----It is very hot in the room. ______ I open the windows for you
----Yes, please.
A. Shall B. Will C. Should D. Would
50.----“Mr Li, ______ you like to see the film with us ” asked his students.
----“Yes. ______ you wait me for a little while ” The teacher answered.
A. Will; Will B. Would; Would C. Will; Would D. Would; Will
51.If you ______, I’ll tell you the truth.
A. listen B. will listen C. listen to D. will listen to
52. If you ______ go with me and uncover a big stone in the countryside, you will find an ant city under it.
A. will B. won’t C. shall D. shan’t
53. I think it ______ much better if he ______ a job soon.
A. would be; got B. is; will get C. would have been; had got D. will be; gets
54. There is plenty of time. You ______ hurry.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. needn’t
55. He would rather play chess than ______.
A. play bridge B. playing bridge C. bridge D. to play bridge
56. ----Will you stay for lunch
---- Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
57.----Are you coming to Jeff’s party
---- I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
58. Sorry, I am late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
59. Susan ______ written a report like this. She has been a qualified secretary for years.
A. can have B. mustn’t have C. can’t have D. ought not to have
60.If a man ______ succeed, he must work as hard as he can.
A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should
BAAAC DBCCB ABCDA CCDBD ADBCA CDCBA
ABDDA CADDB BAADC DCCAD BADDA BDACB
要点归纳 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人和数的变化，但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to 的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not即构成其否定式。 另外, 在区别情态动词的使用时，请务必明确情态动词的分类原则，即： 语气, 推测判断, 责备及婉言劝说及虚拟语气; 同时更应
该注意情态动词与交际语法的紧密结合的使用.
典题剖析
1.---- Could I borrow your dictionary
---- Yes, of course, you ________. A. might B. will C. can D. should
[误点] 此题会给学生造成较为迷惑的选项是A. 因为学生更多的是从上面的提问中来得到答案, 进而忽略了固定回答的方式.
[解析] 本题考查学生对could和can的基本用法. 问句中could不是can的过去时态, 而是一种较为婉转的问题的方式及礼貌用语. 因此在回答问题的时候要用can. 同样,用情态动词would, might提问时要用 will和may 来回答. 正确答案为: C.
[捷径重点要求大家掌握情态动词的固定表达方式及表示语气时的具体要求.
2. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I ________ for her.
A. how to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
[误点此题重点的要求是要大家看清情态动词再使用时所表示的是什么概念. 由于大家对表示责备的概念不甚了解,因此有的同学会把第二个答案认为是固定的表达方式. 误以为可以翻译成“我必须把他写下来”.
[解析] “should have done sth.”或 “ought to have done sth.”则表示过去应该做而未做的事情, 这是含有自责之义, 译为: “本应该”.而第二个选项则是表示对过去发生的事情的推测与判断.第四个则是表示现在应该去做某事. 正确答案为: C.
[捷径] 在区别情态动词的使用时，请务必明确情态动词的分类原则， 即： 语气, 推测判断, 责备及婉言劝说 及虚拟语气.
二. 综合训练: 历届高考套题自我评估
1. I didn’t hear the phone. I ______ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should fall
2. If my lawyer ______ here last Saturday, he ______ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. were; would have prevented
C. were; would prevented D. had been; would prevent
3. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
4. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
5. If it ______ for the snow, we ______ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
6. Without electricity human life ______ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
7. Janny ______have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
8. ----Could I borrow your dictionary
----Yes, of course you ______.
A. might B. will C. can D. would
9. We ______ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
10. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
11. Tom ought not to ______ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell
C. be telling D. having told
12. ----If he ______, he ______ that food.
----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had net taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
13. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
14. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
15. ----Shall I tell John about it
----No, you ______. I have told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
16. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
17. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
18. ---- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
----It ______ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
19. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife. You ______ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
20. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
21. When he was there, he ______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
22.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ______ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
23. Sir, you ______ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn’t to B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
24. Jack ______ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. should have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived
25. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ______too cold for us to live on.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
26. Susan ______written a report like this.
A. can have B. mustn’t have C. can’t have D. ought to not have
27. I wonder how he ______ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
28. ______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
29.----When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
----They ______ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
30. ----I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
----Oh, did you You ______ with Barbrara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
31. Computers ______ extremely complicated problems in all scientific experiments.
A. are capable to work out B. could work out
C. can be able to work out D. are able to work out
32. All the homework given by the teacher ______ by the end of this week.
A. must have finished B. must have been finished
C. must be finished D. must finish
33.----Must I go with him
---- No, ______.
A. you must B. you have to C. you needn’t to D. you don’t have to
34. Anyone ______ stand and watch in the cinema when the film is on.
A. mustn’t be B. don’t have to C. must D. is not allowed to
35.----Where is our English teacher
----He ______ in the school library. I just came form the library and saw him reading there.
A. must have been B. must C. can be D. may be
36. It ______ yesterday, for the ground is wet.
A. must rain B. must be raining C. must have rained D. was raining
37.----Where is your grandma
----Oh, she ______ some shopping at the market now.
A. must be doing B. must done C. must have done D. can be doing
38. ----Do you have to leave now
----Sorry, but I really ______.
A. may B. can C. do so D. have to
39. ----Must he hand in his homework before class
----No, ______.
A. he can B. he must C. he won’t D. he needn’t
40. ----May I finish the job tomorrow
----No, ______, because they want to know the result late next week.
A. you mustn’t B. you needn’t C. you won’t D. you shouldn’t.
41.----We didn’t see Tom at the lecture yesterday.
----He ______ it. He had attended the same lecture before.
A. mustn’t attend B. can’t have attended
C. would have not attended D. needn’t have attended
42. Jape is two hours late. What ______
A. can have happened B. can happen
C. should have happened D. should happen
43. He went there on foot and got very tired, but he ______ by bus. The fare was rather cheap.
A. could have gone B. must have gone
C. ought have gone D. will have gone
44.----That man must be her husband.
----No, he ______ her husband, she remains single.
A. needn’t be B. mustn’t be C. shouldn’t be D. can’t be
45. She isn’t at home. It is Sunday and she ______ off with her family.
A. could have gone B. must go C. can have gone D. could go
46. You are really impatient. You ______ come in until you were called.
A. should have B. should C. won’t D. shouldn’t have
47.----I wonder why Tom is late.
----He ______ the bus.
A. can have missed B. could have missed
C. may have missed D. might miss
48.Mr Thomas, a director from the chief company, wants to see you. ______he come in or wait outside
A. Will B. Would C. Shall D. Should
49.----It is very hot in the room. ______ I open the windows for you
----Yes, please.
A. Shall B. Will C. Should D. Would
50.----“Mr Li, ______ you like to see the film with us ” asked his students.
----“Yes. ______ you wait me for a little while ” The teacher answered.
A. Will; Will B. Would; Would C. Will; Would D. Would; Will
51.If you ______, I’ll tell you the truth.
A. listen B. will listen C. listen to D. will listen to
52. If you ______ go with me and uncover a big stone in the countryside, you will find an ant city under it.
A. will B. won’t C. shall D. shan’t
53. I think it ______ much better if he ______ a job soon.
A. would be; got B. is; will get C. would have been; had got D. will be; gets
54. There is plenty of time. You ______ hurry.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. needn’t
55. He would rather play chess than ______.
A. play bridge B. playing bridge C. bridge D. to play bridge
56. ----Will you stay for lunch
---- Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
57.----Are you coming to Jeff’s party
---- I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
58. Sorry, I am late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
59. Susan ______ written a report like this. She has been a qualified secretary for years.
A. can have B. mustn’t have C. can’t have D. ought not to have
60.If a man ______ succeed, he must work as hard as he can.
A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should
BAAAC DBCCB ABCDA CCDBD ADBCA CDCBA
ABDDA CADDB BAADC DCCAD BADDA BDACB