情态动词[下学期]
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课件44张PPT。
情态动词
modal verbs 情态动词表示推测表示情感can could
may might
shall should
must
will would
ought tohave to
dare (daren’t)
need (needn’t)
used to表猜测 must, may, might, can, could, should, ought to
must表示推测时，它的肯定程度比may，might，could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。
may, might表示推测，一般只用于肯定句和否定句。可译为“可能，也许”。(一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小)
can和could表示推测，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。can表示推测的可能性比could大，如句中有明显的过去时间状语或需要用过去时态的时候用could。
should表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。 一般用于肯定句，可指人的直觉或个人看法。
It should be fine tomorrow.
ought to表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。
一般用于肯定句，可指人的直觉或个人看法。
Prices ought to come down soon. I thought you ___ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might
C. could D. mustExercisesBmay ______________ can____________表主观“可能”表客观“可能”Cannot___________ may not__________不可能可能不 may 和cancanAccidents ______ happen on such rainy days.
Smoking ______ be dangerous.
The light is bright in the room. She ____ be
in the room.canmay表示猜测肯定：must/may/might/can/could/should/ought to否定：can’t/couldn’t/may not/might not疑问：can/could2. 猜测用法中时态的表示
情态动词 + do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词)，表示对现在状态的推测。
Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day.
He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry.
情态动词 + be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。
Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on. 。
情态动词 + have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测
Leslie walked past me without speaking. He can‘t/couldn’t have seen me.
表对过去的推测: 情态动词+have+down对过去肯定推测:
对过去否定推测:
表过去本能够做而没做:
对过去的可能推测:
表过去应该做而没做:
表过去不应该做而做了:
表过去需要做而没做:
表过去不需要做而做了: must have done
couldn’t have done
could have done
might have done
should have done
shouldn’t have done
need have done
needn’t have done（4）在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时，疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isn’t he? （现在）他准时个工人，是吗？
You must have learned English for many years, haven’t you? （完成时）你一定学了好多年英语，是吗？ 比较：
It must have rained last night, didn’t it? （过去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？ He must have arrived by yesterday morning, hadn’t he? It’s nearly 7:00. Jack ____ be here at any moment. (N 1995)
A. must B. need C. should D. can
Johnny, you _______ play with the knife, you _______ hurt yourself. (N 1996)
A. won’t, can’t B. mustn’t, may
C. shouldn’t, must D. can’t, shouldCB
Tom ought not to _______ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (N1993)
A. have told B. tell
C. be telling D. having told
I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _______ for her. (N 1994)
had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it outAC表情感1. 表能力 can ，could 和 be able to Can you use chopsticks?The wounded man still was able to get to the villa.两者都可表能力，但若表示经过一番努力终于能完成某事，要用was/ were able to do= managed to do2.表请求和允许 can/could/may/might-----Can I go now? -----Yes, you can.
Could you wait a few days for the money?
表示“请求”,could在口语中代替can,使语气更委婉,主要用于疑问句,答语用can.
----Could I use your bike tomorrow? Yes,________. No, _______________.you canI’m afraid notcan/couldCan 还表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中)”Can this news be true?
How can you be so foolish?may / might 可以表示许可，提出请求或建议Might I use your telephone?
May I go home now?
Might比May的语气更委婉May I watch TV after supper?
Yes,__________________.
No, _______________________.you mayYou mustn’tNo, you may not / you ‘d better not.May还用于祈使句表示祝愿May you succeed!
May you have many more days as happy as this one!3.表示必须,不得不 must / have to must表主观意愿
have to 表客观上You must work hard.There is no bus, and we have to walk home.You mustn’t speak like that.mustn’t 表示禁止---Must I be home before 8 o’clock?--- Yes, you must
---- No, you needn’t. / you don’t have to. must还可以表示“偏偏”As I was sitting down to supper,
the telephone must ring.4.表劝告,建议和应该 should / ought to We should be strict with ourselves.
You ought to keep your promise.用于第一人称,表示说话人的一种谦逊,客气,委婉I should advice you not to do that.
You are mistaken, I should say.Ought he to go?
Yes, he ought to.用于表示惊异，遗憾，不以为然等情绪的句子中，意为“竟，会”Why should you be so late today?
It is strange that he should do such a thing5. shall Shall用于请求或征求别人的意见时，用第一、三人称。What shall he do next?Shall I get you some coffee, Miss Yang ?shall用于第二、三人称时，指说话人的语气，有“命令”、“警告，决心” 和“许诺”的意思。He shall be punished if he disobeys.
You shall have my answer tomorrow.6. will / would Will you have some more wine?
Won’t you stay here for supper?will 用于第二人称疑问句时，可表示征求意见或询问对方意愿。 will可表意愿，用于任何人称They will go on fighting no matter what happens.would 用于第二人称的疑问时，其语气较will更委婉。Would you please tell me where is the hotel?
7. will, would, used to
will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
will表示现在的习惯动作，would表示过去的习惯动作。
used to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。
Would表示现在可能还在继续，不与表示状态的动词连用。
He will surf the Internet every night.
He would drive to work.
He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. He is not what he used to be. ☆ would和used to的用法比较。 ①used to强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的情况，与现在无关。 ②used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
③used to可泛指过去的习惯性动作或状态，而would表示过去的习惯性动作时，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。
【误We would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 【正We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. 【正Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 8. need 和dare既可作情态动词，也可作实意动词。
可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.无人称和数的变化; 2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly, never,
no one, nobody连用; 3.常以needn’t 和daren’t
的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared. 多用于肯定句;
(sb.) need to do
dare to do
(sth.) need to be
done
(sth.) need doing
判断正误:
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully.注意对need问句的回答:
--Need I finish the work today?
--Yes, ________________.
No, ________________.
No, ________________.you mustyou needn’tyou don’t have toneedn’t 对其它情态动词的回答:
--Shall I tell John about it?
--No, you __________.
--Must we do it now?
--No, you __________.
needn’t
(don’t have to) needn’t
(don’t have to)三部分情态动词的固定搭配
Can和 could 的一些固定搭配
1.Can’t/couldn’t help doing 忍不住；不禁、、、
He can’t help laughing.
2.Can’t/couldn’t but + 动词原形 只好、；不得不、、
I couldn’t but admit that he was right and I was wrong
3.cannot/couldn’t … too + 副词/形容词;
cannot/couldn’t …+副词/形容词 + enough
无论、、也不过分； 越、、、越好
You can’t be too careful when crossing the street.
I cannot thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。 may 和might 的某些固定搭配
may well + 动词原形 理应、；有足够的理由、、
We may well say she is a good teacher.
2. may/might as well + 动词原形 不妨；还不如、
You never listen---- I might as well talk to a brick wall.
3. may…but 或许会、、、但是、、、
She may be beautiful, but she is cool.
她也许算的上美丽，但太冷漠了。英语口语中dare的几个常用结构：
○I dare say...我想，大概，可能，或许……
I dare say things will improve.
我想情况会好转的。
○How dare you ...? 你怎么敢……？
How dare you ask me such a question?
你怎么敢问我这样的问题？
○I dare you ... 我谅你也不敢……
I dare you to tell your parents!
我谅你也不敢告诉你父母！
1.---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
---It ____a comfortable journey. ( )
A. can't be B. mustn't have been
C. shouldn't be D. couldn't have beenD2. Johnny, you ______play with the knife, you ____hurt yourself. ( )
A. won't ; can't B. mustn't ; may
C. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; wouldn'tB情态动词典型例题专练3. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___ get out. ( )
A. had to B. would
C. could D. was able toD4. ---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 . ( )
A. can B. should C. might D. need B 5. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night. ( )
A. mustn’t go B. could have gone
C. shouldn’t go D. shouldn’t have goneD6. They are disappointed at the English party. They say that it ___better organized. ( )
A. had been B. had to be
C. must have been D. could have been
D7. She must have forgotten about the class _______? ( )
A. doesn’t she B. mustn’t she
C. hasn’t she D. won’ t sheC8. See who’s there ! ______ it be Mary ?
A. May B. Must C. Can D. willC9. Jenny ____with him at that time, for I was having dinner with her in my home. ( )
A. can’t have been B. must be
C. mustn’t have been D. may be A10.Tom’s father promised, “You ___have a new computer if you pass the coming examination,” ( )
can B. should C. shall D. mayC11.--- Did you walked home by yourself last night ?
--- Yes, I did. But I think I _____.
A. needn’t B. shouldn’t
C. may not have D. needn’t haveD12.---Would you change this bucket for another ? It ______ hold water.
--- OK. I’m really sorry.
A. won’t B. can’t C. didn’t D. doesn’tA13. You ought to have helped him with his English, ____ you ?
A. won’t you B. ought not you
C. shouldn’t you D. wouldn’t you
C14.--- I thought I ____something burning.
---Really ?
smelled B. was smelling
C. could smell D. might smellC15. She _____out alone at night.
A. dare not to go B. dares not go
C. doesn’t dare to go D. doesn’t dares goCGood-bye!情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。
情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
情态动词
modal verbs 情态动词表示推测表示情感can could
may might
shall should
must
will would
ought tohave to
dare (daren’t)
need (needn’t)
used to表猜测 must, may, might, can, could, should, ought to
must表示推测时，它的肯定程度比may，might，could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。
may, might表示推测，一般只用于肯定句和否定句。可译为“可能，也许”。(一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小)
can和could表示推测，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。can表示推测的可能性比could大，如句中有明显的过去时间状语或需要用过去时态的时候用could。
should表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。 一般用于肯定句，可指人的直觉或个人看法。
It should be fine tomorrow.
ought to表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。
一般用于肯定句，可指人的直觉或个人看法。
Prices ought to come down soon. I thought you ___ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might
C. could D. mustExercisesBmay ______________ can____________表主观“可能”表客观“可能”Cannot___________ may not__________不可能可能不 may 和cancanAccidents ______ happen on such rainy days.
Smoking ______ be dangerous.
The light is bright in the room. She ____ be
in the room.canmay表示猜测肯定：must/may/might/can/could/should/ought to否定：can’t/couldn’t/may not/might not疑问：can/could2. 猜测用法中时态的表示
情态动词 + do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词)，表示对现在状态的推测。
Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day.
He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry.
情态动词 + be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。
Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on. 。
情态动词 + have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测
Leslie walked past me without speaking. He can‘t/couldn’t have seen me.
表对过去的推测: 情态动词+have+down对过去肯定推测:
对过去否定推测:
表过去本能够做而没做:
对过去的可能推测:
表过去应该做而没做:
表过去不应该做而做了:
表过去需要做而没做:
表过去不需要做而做了: must have done
couldn’t have done
could have done
might have done
should have done
shouldn’t have done
need have done
needn’t have done（4）在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时，疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isn’t he? （现在）他准时个工人，是吗？
You must have learned English for many years, haven’t you? （完成时）你一定学了好多年英语，是吗？ 比较：
It must have rained last night, didn’t it? （过去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？ He must have arrived by yesterday morning, hadn’t he? It’s nearly 7:00. Jack ____ be here at any moment. (N 1995)
A. must B. need C. should D. can
Johnny, you _______ play with the knife, you _______ hurt yourself. (N 1996)
A. won’t, can’t B. mustn’t, may
C. shouldn’t, must D. can’t, shouldCB
Tom ought not to _______ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (N1993)
A. have told B. tell
C. be telling D. having told
I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _______ for her. (N 1994)
had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it outAC表情感1. 表能力 can ，could 和 be able to Can you use chopsticks?The wounded man still was able to get to the villa.两者都可表能力，但若表示经过一番努力终于能完成某事，要用was/ were able to do= managed to do2.表请求和允许 can/could/may/might-----Can I go now? -----Yes, you can.
Could you wait a few days for the money?
表示“请求”,could在口语中代替can,使语气更委婉,主要用于疑问句,答语用can.
----Could I use your bike tomorrow? Yes,________. No, _______________.you canI’m afraid notcan/couldCan 还表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中)”Can this news be true?
How can you be so foolish?may / might 可以表示许可，提出请求或建议Might I use your telephone?
May I go home now?
Might比May的语气更委婉May I watch TV after supper?
Yes,__________________.
No, _______________________.you mayYou mustn’tNo, you may not / you ‘d better not.May还用于祈使句表示祝愿May you succeed!
May you have many more days as happy as this one!3.表示必须,不得不 must / have to must表主观意愿
have to 表客观上You must work hard.There is no bus, and we have to walk home.You mustn’t speak like that.mustn’t 表示禁止---Must I be home before 8 o’clock?--- Yes, you must
---- No, you needn’t. / you don’t have to. must还可以表示“偏偏”As I was sitting down to supper,
the telephone must ring.4.表劝告,建议和应该 should / ought to We should be strict with ourselves.
You ought to keep your promise.用于第一人称,表示说话人的一种谦逊,客气,委婉I should advice you not to do that.
You are mistaken, I should say.Ought he to go?
Yes, he ought to.用于表示惊异，遗憾，不以为然等情绪的句子中，意为“竟，会”Why should you be so late today?
It is strange that he should do such a thing5. shall Shall用于请求或征求别人的意见时，用第一、三人称。What shall he do next?Shall I get you some coffee, Miss Yang ?shall用于第二、三人称时，指说话人的语气，有“命令”、“警告，决心” 和“许诺”的意思。He shall be punished if he disobeys.
You shall have my answer tomorrow.6. will / would Will you have some more wine?
Won’t you stay here for supper?will 用于第二人称疑问句时，可表示征求意见或询问对方意愿。 will可表意愿，用于任何人称They will go on fighting no matter what happens.would 用于第二人称的疑问时，其语气较will更委婉。Would you please tell me where is the hotel?
7. will, would, used to
will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
will表示现在的习惯动作，would表示过去的习惯动作。
used to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。
Would表示现在可能还在继续，不与表示状态的动词连用。
He will surf the Internet every night.
He would drive to work.
He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. He is not what he used to be. ☆ would和used to的用法比较。 ①used to强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的情况，与现在无关。 ②used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
③used to可泛指过去的习惯性动作或状态，而would表示过去的习惯性动作时，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。
【误We would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 【正We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. 【正Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 8. need 和dare既可作情态动词，也可作实意动词。
可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.无人称和数的变化; 2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly, never,
no one, nobody连用; 3.常以needn’t 和daren’t
的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared. 多用于肯定句;
(sb.) need to do
dare to do
(sth.) need to be
done
(sth.) need doing
判断正误:
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully.注意对need问句的回答:
--Need I finish the work today?
--Yes, ________________.
No, ________________.
No, ________________.you mustyou needn’tyou don’t have toneedn’t 对其它情态动词的回答:
--Shall I tell John about it?
--No, you __________.
--Must we do it now?
--No, you __________.
needn’t
(don’t have to) needn’t
(don’t have to)三部分情态动词的固定搭配
Can和 could 的一些固定搭配
1.Can’t/couldn’t help doing 忍不住；不禁、、、
He can’t help laughing.
2.Can’t/couldn’t but + 动词原形 只好、；不得不、、
I couldn’t but admit that he was right and I was wrong
3.cannot/couldn’t … too + 副词/形容词;
cannot/couldn’t …+副词/形容词 + enough
无论、、也不过分； 越、、、越好
You can’t be too careful when crossing the street.
I cannot thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。 may 和might 的某些固定搭配
may well + 动词原形 理应、；有足够的理由、、
We may well say she is a good teacher.
2. may/might as well + 动词原形 不妨；还不如、
You never listen---- I might as well talk to a brick wall.
3. may…but 或许会、、、但是、、、
She may be beautiful, but she is cool.
她也许算的上美丽，但太冷漠了。英语口语中dare的几个常用结构：
○I dare say...我想，大概，可能，或许……
I dare say things will improve.
我想情况会好转的。
○How dare you ...? 你怎么敢……？
How dare you ask me such a question?
你怎么敢问我这样的问题？
○I dare you ... 我谅你也不敢……
I dare you to tell your parents!
我谅你也不敢告诉你父母！
1.---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
---It ____a comfortable journey. ( )
A. can't be B. mustn't have been
C. shouldn't be D. couldn't have beenD2. Johnny, you ______play with the knife, you ____hurt yourself. ( )
A. won't ; can't B. mustn't ; may
C. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; wouldn'tB情态动词典型例题专练3. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___ get out. ( )
A. had to B. would
C. could D. was able toD4. ---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 . ( )
A. can B. should C. might D. need B 5. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night. ( )
A. mustn’t go B. could have gone
C. shouldn’t go D. shouldn’t have goneD6. They are disappointed at the English party. They say that it ___better organized. ( )
A. had been B. had to be
C. must have been D. could have been
D7. She must have forgotten about the class _______? ( )
A. doesn’t she B. mustn’t she
C. hasn’t she D. won’ t sheC8. See who’s there ! ______ it be Mary ?
A. May B. Must C. Can D. willC9. Jenny ____with him at that time, for I was having dinner with her in my home. ( )
A. can’t have been B. must be
C. mustn’t have been D. may be A10.Tom’s father promised, “You ___have a new computer if you pass the coming examination,” ( )
can B. should C. shall D. mayC11.--- Did you walked home by yourself last night ?
--- Yes, I did. But I think I _____.
A. needn’t B. shouldn’t
C. may not have D. needn’t haveD12.---Would you change this bucket for another ? It ______ hold water.
--- OK. I’m really sorry.
A. won’t B. can’t C. didn’t D. doesn’tA13. You ought to have helped him with his English, ____ you ?
A. won’t you B. ought not you
C. shouldn’t you D. wouldn’t you
C14.--- I thought I ____something burning.
---Really ?
smelled B. was smelling
C. could smell D. might smellC15. She _____out alone at night.
A. dare not to go B. dares not go
C. doesn’t dare to go D. doesn’t dares goCGood-bye!情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。
情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。