情态动词[下学期]
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课件24张PPT。 情态动词
Modal Verbs
（一）情态动词的定义 ??? 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）
一 起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。（三）情态动词的分类和意义
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注：表中***表示主要用法；**表示次要用法；*表示不通常用法。 （三）情态动词的分类和意义
Ability :
Request :
Permission:
Necessity:
Possibility
Certainty
Suggestions:
Advice:can/could, be able tocan/could, will/would, would likecan/could, may/might, (mustn’t)must, have(got) to, needcan / could, may / might,
must, will, should
could, may / might, shall
should, ought to, had better（四）情态动词的基本用法1. can (could) 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。? 两只眼比一只眼看得清。Two eyes can see more than one.?这女孩上学前能识字吗？Could the girl read before she went to school??2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.?? 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.?? 3）表示允许。我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？Can I have a look at your new pen?他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room.4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感 叹句中。?? 他们会去哪儿了呢？Where can (could) they have gone to?? 他不可能超过六十岁。He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty.?How can you be so careless???你怎么这么粗心？ 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。帮我一把好吗？Can (Could) you lend me a hand???恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today2. may (might) 1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。?? 你喜欢什么就拿什么。You may take whatever you like.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。He told me that I might smoke in the room.我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby???在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，以免显得太不客气。 Yes, please. / Certainly.
Please don’t ./You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t. etc2）表可能（主观看法）。
might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home.?? She may not know about it.?? He was afraid they might not agree with him.?? They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.??3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 We must do everything step by step.??
You mustn’t talk to her like that.?? 2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 He must be ill. He looks so pale.??
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.??--Must we hand in our exercise books now???
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.??4. will 1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you.?? If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you.?2）表请求，用于疑问句。 Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.??
Won’t you drink some more coffee??? 3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 Fish will die out of water.?? The door won’t open.?? The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.?? 5.would 1）表意愿。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.??
I said I would do anything for you.?? ? 3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.?? 2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Would you like another glass of beer???
Would you mind cleaning the window???
They wouldn’t have anything against it.?6. shall 1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some tea??? Shall the boy wait outside?? What shall we do this evening??? 2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，
用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 You shall do as I say.?? 命令 You shall have my answer tomorrow.?允诺 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.?? 警告 Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.? 决心
7. should 1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。 You should be polite to your teachers.?? You shouldn’t waste any time.?? 8. ought to 1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），
口气比should稍重。 You are his father. You ought to take care of him.??
You oughtn’t to smoke so much.?? 2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。 They should be home by now.?? 2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.??
There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.? 9. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。
疑问式和否定式有两种。 He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. ?? There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.?? I usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke.?? Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot?（一）need和dare的用法 need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。
用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。
用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1.用作情态动词 --Need I come?? --Yes, you must.? You needn’t telephone him now.?? I don’t think you need worry.?? She dare not go out alone at night.?? How dare you say I’m unfair??? Not one of them dared mention this.??2.用作实义动词You don’t need to do it yourself.?? We need to tell them the news.?? The table needs painting (to be painted.).?? We should dare to give our own opinion.??He did not dare (to) look up.?? I dare say he’ll come again.?? （I dare say…为固定习语）（二）情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法 1.情态动词后跟完成式，
表“应当已经……”，“想必已经……”，“本来可以……”等意。I should have finished the work earlier.?? He isn’t here. He must have missed the train.?? Where can (could) he have gone??? You may (might) have read about it.?You could (might) have been more careful.??He needn’t have worried about it.?? There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ought to have come, but why didn’t you???2. 情态动词后跟进行式，
表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等意。?It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch.?? They may be discussing this problem.?? He can’t be telling the truth.?? She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weakcan 和be able to
1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，
而be able to有多种时态形式。Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做， 而was∕were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。
在否定句中两者可通用。He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn’t feel like it that day. ? Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.?3. would和used to 1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，
而would只表过去的情况。People used to think that the earth was flat.She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. 2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，
而would只表示过去的习惯动作。He used to ∕would smoke while writing.?? She used to be fat.??Exercises I __________ you, because I thought I must be wrong. ? A. dare not ask?? B. dare not to ask??
C. dare not asking?? D. dare to not ask 2. There __________ some flowers in the garden. ? A. were used to be?? B. used to be??
C. uses to be?? D. used to be having 3. “__________ I take it out?” ? “I’m sorry, you __________.” ? A. Could …couldn’t?? B. Might…might not???
C. Could…can?? D. May…can’t 4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You __________ hurt yourself. ? A. may?? B. might?? C. will?? D. might have 5. You __________ those letters. Why didn’t you ? ? A. should post?? B. should have posted??
C. must have posted?? D. ought to post.ABDDB6. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up. ? A. must get?? B. is getting??
C. must be getting?? D. would get 7. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink. ? A. will…can?? B. may…can??
C. may…dares?? D. dare…can 8. “Need we do this job now?”? ? “Yes, __________.” ? A. you need?? B. you should?? C. you must?? D. you can 9. __________ to have lunch with us today? ? A. Do you likes?? B. Would you like??
C. Will you liked?? D. Have you liked10. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished. ? A. may?? B. must?? C. can?? D. mightCBCBD11. –Is John coming by train??? ?
--He should, but he _____not. He likes driving his car. ? A. must?? B. can?? C. need?? D. may 12. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. ? A. must?? B. can?? C. may?? D. will 13. Michael _____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short. ? A. needn’t??? B. can’t?? C. shouldn’t?? D. won’t 14. I thought you _______ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes. ? A. may?? B. might?? C. can?? D. could 15. I wonder how he __________ that to the teacher. ? A. dare to say?? B. dare saying?
C. not dare say?? D. dared sayDCBBD16. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn’t much time left. ? A. may?? B. must?? C. can?? D. need 17. Amy did best in the English test. She ___hard last week. ? A. must have worked? B. should have worked??
C. should work?? D. must work 18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone? __________ get out. ? A. had to?? B. would?? C. could?? D. was able to 19. –--I stayed at a hotel while in New York.?? ??
---Oh, did you? You? __________ with Barbara. ? A. could have stayed?? B. could stay??
C. would stay?? D. must have stayed 20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack?_ be here at any moment. ? A. must?? B. need?? C. should?? D. can
BADAC
Modal Verbs
（一）情态动词的定义 ??? 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）
一 起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。（三）情态动词的分类和意义
?
注：表中***表示主要用法；**表示次要用法；*表示不通常用法。 （三）情态动词的分类和意义
Ability :
Request :
Permission:
Necessity:
Possibility
Certainty
Suggestions:
Advice:can/could, be able tocan/could, will/would, would likecan/could, may/might, (mustn’t)must, have(got) to, needcan / could, may / might,
must, will, should
could, may / might, shall
should, ought to, had better（四）情态动词的基本用法1. can (could) 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。? 两只眼比一只眼看得清。Two eyes can see more than one.?这女孩上学前能识字吗？Could the girl read before she went to school??2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.?? 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.?? 3）表示允许。我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？Can I have a look at your new pen?他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room.4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感 叹句中。?? 他们会去哪儿了呢？Where can (could) they have gone to?? 他不可能超过六十岁。He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty.?How can you be so careless???你怎么这么粗心？ 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。帮我一把好吗？Can (Could) you lend me a hand???恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today2. may (might) 1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。?? 你喜欢什么就拿什么。You may take whatever you like.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。He told me that I might smoke in the room.我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby???在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，以免显得太不客气。 Yes, please. / Certainly.
Please don’t ./You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t. etc2）表可能（主观看法）。
might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home.?? She may not know about it.?? He was afraid they might not agree with him.?? They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.??3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 We must do everything step by step.??
You mustn’t talk to her like that.?? 2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 He must be ill. He looks so pale.??
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.??--Must we hand in our exercise books now???
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.??4. will 1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you.?? If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you.?2）表请求，用于疑问句。 Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.??
Won’t you drink some more coffee??? 3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 Fish will die out of water.?? The door won’t open.?? The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.?? 5.would 1）表意愿。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.??
I said I would do anything for you.?? ? 3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.?? 2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Would you like another glass of beer???
Would you mind cleaning the window???
They wouldn’t have anything against it.?6. shall 1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some tea??? Shall the boy wait outside?? What shall we do this evening??? 2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，
用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 You shall do as I say.?? 命令 You shall have my answer tomorrow.?允诺 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.?? 警告 Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.? 决心
7. should 1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。 You should be polite to your teachers.?? You shouldn’t waste any time.?? 8. ought to 1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），
口气比should稍重。 You are his father. You ought to take care of him.??
You oughtn’t to smoke so much.?? 2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。 They should be home by now.?? 2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.??
There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.? 9. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。
疑问式和否定式有两种。 He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. ?? There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.?? I usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke.?? Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot?（一）need和dare的用法 need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。
用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。
用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1.用作情态动词 --Need I come?? --Yes, you must.? You needn’t telephone him now.?? I don’t think you need worry.?? She dare not go out alone at night.?? How dare you say I’m unfair??? Not one of them dared mention this.??2.用作实义动词You don’t need to do it yourself.?? We need to tell them the news.?? The table needs painting (to be painted.).?? We should dare to give our own opinion.??He did not dare (to) look up.?? I dare say he’ll come again.?? （I dare say…为固定习语）（二）情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法 1.情态动词后跟完成式，
表“应当已经……”，“想必已经……”，“本来可以……”等意。I should have finished the work earlier.?? He isn’t here. He must have missed the train.?? Where can (could) he have gone??? You may (might) have read about it.?You could (might) have been more careful.??He needn’t have worried about it.?? There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ought to have come, but why didn’t you???2. 情态动词后跟进行式，
表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等意。?It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch.?? They may be discussing this problem.?? He can’t be telling the truth.?? She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weakcan 和be able to
1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，
而be able to有多种时态形式。Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做， 而was∕were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。
在否定句中两者可通用。He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn’t feel like it that day. ? Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.?3. would和used to 1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，
而would只表过去的情况。People used to think that the earth was flat.She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. 2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，
而would只表示过去的习惯动作。He used to ∕would smoke while writing.?? She used to be fat.??Exercises I __________ you, because I thought I must be wrong. ? A. dare not ask?? B. dare not to ask??
C. dare not asking?? D. dare to not ask 2. There __________ some flowers in the garden. ? A. were used to be?? B. used to be??
C. uses to be?? D. used to be having 3. “__________ I take it out?” ? “I’m sorry, you __________.” ? A. Could …couldn’t?? B. Might…might not???
C. Could…can?? D. May…can’t 4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You __________ hurt yourself. ? A. may?? B. might?? C. will?? D. might have 5. You __________ those letters. Why didn’t you ? ? A. should post?? B. should have posted??
C. must have posted?? D. ought to post.ABDDB6. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up. ? A. must get?? B. is getting??
C. must be getting?? D. would get 7. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink. ? A. will…can?? B. may…can??
C. may…dares?? D. dare…can 8. “Need we do this job now?”? ? “Yes, __________.” ? A. you need?? B. you should?? C. you must?? D. you can 9. __________ to have lunch with us today? ? A. Do you likes?? B. Would you like??
C. Will you liked?? D. Have you liked10. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished. ? A. may?? B. must?? C. can?? D. mightCBCBD11. –Is John coming by train??? ?
--He should, but he _____not. He likes driving his car. ? A. must?? B. can?? C. need?? D. may 12. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. ? A. must?? B. can?? C. may?? D. will 13. Michael _____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short. ? A. needn’t??? B. can’t?? C. shouldn’t?? D. won’t 14. I thought you _______ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes. ? A. may?? B. might?? C. can?? D. could 15. I wonder how he __________ that to the teacher. ? A. dare to say?? B. dare saying?
C. not dare say?? D. dared sayDCBBD16. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn’t much time left. ? A. may?? B. must?? C. can?? D. need 17. Amy did best in the English test. She ___hard last week. ? A. must have worked? B. should have worked??
C. should work?? D. must work 18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone? __________ get out. ? A. had to?? B. would?? C. could?? D. was able to 19. –--I stayed at a hotel while in New York.?? ??
---Oh, did you? You? __________ with Barbara. ? A. could have stayed?? B. could stay??
C. would stay?? D. must have stayed 20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack?_ be here at any moment. ? A. must?? B. need?? C. should?? D. can
BADAC