情态动词[上学期]
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课件51张PPT。情态动词一. 情态动词的语法特征 1）各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。 2）情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。 3）情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。 4) 情态动词后接的不定式（除ought外）都不带to ，即接动词原形。 情态动词表示推测不表示推测can could
may might
shall
Must have to
will would
Used to
ought to should
dare (daren’t)
need (needn’t)
可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.无人称和数的变化; 2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if之后;*或与hardly, never,
no one, nobody连用; 3.常以needn’t 和daren’t
的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared. 多用于肯定句;
(sb.) need to do
dare to do
(sth.) need to be
done
(sth.) need doing
I dare say…
I don’t dare (to)go
判断正误:
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully..1 Can与 could的用法
A. Can二.非推测情态动词的基本用法 1)表能力
can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。
I can climb this pole. 我能爬这根杆子。
He is only four , but he can read.
他只有4岁，但已认得字了。
I can see clearly in the dark.2)表可能性
多用于否定与疑问结构中，但也可用在肯定句中,表示一时的情况, 意为“有时候会…”;
Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗？
It can’t be true. 它不可能是真的。
What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思？
Our house is on the top of the hill, and in winter the winds
can be pretty cold.3)表示允许或请求（和may意思相近）常见于口语。
Can (May) I come in ? 我能进来吗？
Can I smoke here ? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？
1)表过去的能力,是can的过去式.
I could swim when I was only six.
我刚六岁就能游泳。
He could be very naughty when he was a
child.
他小时候会是很顽皮的。2).表示客气的请求可以代替can ,但语气
比 can委婉: Could you lend me the book?
B. could3)表过去的可能和许可，（多用于间接引语中）
At that time we thought the story could
not be true.
那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。
Father said I could swim in the river.
爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。
(1) A computer _______ think for itself ;it must be told what to do .
A.can’t B. could’t C. may not D. isn’t able to
(2) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly ,but everyone ________get out .
A.had to B.could C. was able to D. could
(3) I’ve always wanted to ____ speak English.
A.can B.could C.be able to c 情态动词高考考点透视小结:
1 .can的 主语可以是人或物而be able to
的主语通常是有生命的东西.
2.在过去的时态中,强调有能力时 could
强调做成了某事,用was/were able to,相
当于succeeded in doing sth
3. can只有现在和过去两种时态而be able
to 有各种时态的变化.还有非谓语动词
形式
2 情态动词may与 might 的用法
A. May
(1).表示请求:要求对方允许做某事.比can
较为正式。
May I come in? May I sit here?
(2).表示猜测:可能性不如can大. They may arrive at six. There may be very crowded.
(3). 表示祝愿；但语气较正式。
May you succeed!
May you have a good holiday!
.可以代替 may 语气更委婉，客气 些:
Might I say something? Do you think we might start earlier?
2). might是may的过去式, 表示与过去有关的
允许，请求及也许，可能．
eg: Might I say something?
Do you think we might start earlier?B. might 3) 表现在的“可能”，其可能性要比may小。
Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock.
电熨斗会有危险，它可能电着人。
He might be right.
C. 考点透析
表示许可 一般可用may/might,can/could。
might,could 比较委婉，might一般多用于疑问句,
而 can 表达的语言比较随便，在以 could,might 表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用 can,may 而不用could,might。
3.You may come at any time you like.
4.He asked if he might attend the lecture.
5.----May I use your pen?
----Yes,you can. ( No,you can’t./mustn’t.)
6.You can have the novel when I have finished it.
7.----Could I borrow your dictionary?
----Yes,of course you_________.(MET92)
A.might B.will C.can D.should
8. ----Might I watch TV after supper?
----Yes,you________.
A.may B.must C.might D.can
CA1）用于第一人称表将来。I shall go to work after I have finished school.
2）用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。
Shall he come in? — Come in, please.
3）用于二、三人称，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。
You shall be punished if you insist on doing it this way.3、Shall4、must have to 。
A. Must
1)表示必须、必要
We must do everything step by step .我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。
2)must 表示必然的结果
All men must die.
人固有一死.
3)must be + 表语的结构，通常表示猜测，
含有“一定”之意。（只用在肯定句中）
He must be an honest boy.
他一定是个诚实的男孩。
This must be your room.
这一定是你的房间。4)must 的否定式有两个：
当回答由must引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn’t表示“不必”、“无须”、“用不着”、“不一定”的意义。
Must I go tomorrow?明天我必须去吗？
Yes, please.是的，请吧！
No , you needn’t. 不，你不必去。
当表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”时，就用must not。
B. 比较have to和must
? 1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事） 2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3） 在否定结构中：
don‘t have to 表示“不必”
mustn't 表示"禁止"， You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5.will would used to
A. Will
1).表示请求,建议,一般用于第二人称.
Will you please go with me?
2).表示愿意,决定,允许.
I will never do that again.
3).表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,译作总是,惯于,用于第三人称.
Fish will die out of water.B. Would
1). 表示请求,建议,比will语气婉转.
Would you please…?
2).表示过去的习惯性动作或某种倾向.
C. Will Would 和used to 区别will 指现在 “往往…” 、“总是…” 、“就会…”
would 指过去 “常常…” “总是…” (对现在没有暗示)只和行为动词连用.
比较: used to 指过去 “常常…” “总是” (暗示现在不再如此) 和行为动词或系
动词连用..
He’ll talk for hours if you give the chance.
She would / used to stand and talk with her neighbors in front
of the house as she had breakfast
There used to be a church.1）预测、可能。They should be here by now.
2）说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然”
You can’t imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.6、should ought to
A. Should B. Should used to 区别
Should 表示主语的职责和义务或说话人的劝告.强调主观上.
You should not judge a man always by the clothes.
Ought to强调客观上(法律,章程和道义)
You ought to go and see Mary tomorrow.在不表示推测的情态动词中, 我们要注意以下考点:1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。
2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法。
3. shall 的多种意义。
4. Will would 的多种意义及区别.
5. Dare need 的用法
6. 情态动词短语的使用。
Summary 表示否定的情态动词的用法:
部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点
之一。
mustn’t 不准, 禁止
needn’t 没必要 ( = don’t have to )
can’t 不能; 不可能
may not 不可以; 可能不
shouldn’t 不应该 ( = ought not to )4. 情态动词短语的使用:
would like to do…
would rather do…
would rather + 从句
would prefer to do...
had better do...
Can not but do … 情态动词非推测性用法小练 1.You ___ have the book as soon as I inished.
A. will B. shall C. must D. might
2.Why ___ you always interrupt me?
A. can B. must C. may D. will
3---____I go out to play now, Mum?
----No, you ___ .You should do your homework first.
A. Might , wouldn’t B. May ,had better not
C. Must , mustn’t D. Need, mustn’t
4. The door _______ open. A. can’t B. won’t c. mustn’t D.shouldn’t Must , ought to / should , may , might can could 等等都有推测性用法，其可能性程度按排列顺序有强到弱，翻译为“肯定会,应该.可能”等等。
表现形式 有三种:
1. 情态动词+ do
2. 情态动词+be doing
3. 情态动词 + have done三. 情态动词的推测性用法1. __Are you coming to Tom’s party ?
__I’m not sure .I ________go to the concert instead A.must B. would C. Should D. might
2 .Put on more clothes .You ___be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
3.Tom _______be a policeman ,for he is much too short .
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
4.it’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack ___ be here at any moment .
A must B need C should D can
(1) 对现在或将来情况推测：must +动词原形。
must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用can’t和can。
He must tell a lie. Can he tell a lie ?
He can’t tell a lie.
1、推测语气(2) 对过去情况推测：must (may, might)+完成时。
You must have met him before.
must—may—might可能性依次减弱
must只能用于肯定句，译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用can’t / couldn’t和can / could。
Could /Can it have happened last night ?
It couldn’t/can’t have happened last night.
He must be reading, isn’t he?
You must do it yourself, don’t you?
He must have gone over the article, hasn’t he?
It must have rained last night, didn’t it?2、表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成3情态动词+完成式对过去事实的推测表示责备本可以…却没有…情态动词+完成式Must have done
Can’t /could’t have done
1.Where is my pen ?I ___________it .
A.might lose B.would have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost
2. Jack __________yet ,otherwise he would have telephoned me .
A. mustn’t have arrived B. Should’t have arrived
C.can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived 想必已经 ,对过去情况的有把握的推
测，只 用于肯定句.
不可能干某事,对过去情况的否
定或怀疑.
1.Yesterday ,Jane walked away from the discussion .otherwise,she _________something she would regret later .
A. had said B. said
C. might say D. might have said
2.Sorry ,I’m late ,I ____have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A might B.should C.can D.will May /might have done 某事可能发生了,表推测.
May /might not have done可能没发生某事.
1,---I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow .
---- You ___ her last week.
ought to tell B would have told
C. must tell D.should have told
2.I was really anxious about you.You ____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leaveShould /ought to have done 本应该做某事却没做,表示后悔 埋怨或责备.
Shouldn’t /oughtn’t to have done 不应该做但做了,多表责备.
Could have done 本来能够做某事,却没做,含有
劝告,责备的意思He could have finished his work all by himself.
You could have made greater progress.Needn’t have done(只有否定式)本不必做某事
但是却做了It is raining hard outside. You needn’t have watered the flowers
There was plenty of time.She needn’t have hurried.4. He must have finished the work,
_____ he?
5. He must have finished the work two years ago, _______he?
6. He must be a student,_____ he?Hasn’tDidn’tIsn’t表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测
可能的推测
否定的推测
疑问的推测must 对将来 对现在 对过去情态动词may, might can’t,
couldn’tcan, could + V. + V. + have done
常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done
+ be doing
可以用not表示“可能不”
+V. + V. + have done
+ be doing+ V. + V. + have done
+ be doingsummary. 情态动词 + 完成式动词 (指过去的动作或情况)
1 may / might have done sth. 可能做过(了)某事 /本来可能却没做
2 can’t / couldn’t have done sth. 不可能做了某事
3 must have done sth. 准是做了某事
4 needn’t have done sth. 本不必做某事(实际上已做)(只有否定式)
5 could have done sth. 本可以做某事 (实际上没做)
6 should have done sth. 本应做某事 (实际上没做)
7 ought to have done sth. 本应做某事 (实际上没做)
8 shouldn’t have done sth. 本不应做某事 (实际上已做)
9 oughtn’t to have done sth. 本不应做某事 (实际上已做)
1."May I pick a flower in the garden?" " ??????? ." ??A. No, you needn't?? B. Not, please ??
C. No, you mustn't?? D. No, you won't
2."Could I call you by your first name?" "Yes, you ??????? ." ??A. will?? B. could?? C. may?? D. might
3.I didn't see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ??????? at the meeting. ??A. mustn't have spoken?? B. shouldn't have spoken ??C. needn't have spoken?? D. couldn't have spoken
巩固练习4.You ??????? take your umbrella. I am sure it won't rain. ??A. shouldn't?? B. can't??
C. don't have to?? D. mustn‘t
5.Look what you have done. You ??????? have been careful. ??A. should?? B. can?? C. must?? D. may
6.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I ??????? him. ??A. would see?? B. could meet??
C. might have seen?? D. might see
7. “Can you imagine how ??????? about it?” ?? “No, I can't.” ? ?A. could they know possibly??B. could they possibly know ?? C. they could possibly know??D. possibly they could know
8.Tom ??????? full marks, but he was too careless ??????? a
spelling mistake. ? ?A. could gain, to make??
B. could have gained, to make ? ?C. could have gained, and made??
D. could have gained, as to make
9. — Someone is knocking at the door. Who ??????? it be? ?? — It ??????? be Tom. He is still in the school. ? ?A. can, can't?? B. can, mustn't??
C. might, could? D. might, may 10. — Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?
— No, ________. ? A. you shouldn't? B. you might not
C. you needn't ? D. you mustn't
11.You ??????? to attend the meeting, but you didn't. ?A. should come? B. would have come ?
C. came? D. should have come
12.We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He ??????? it. A. mustn't have attended B. cannot have attended
C. needn't have attended D. would have not attended13.Tom went on foot, but he ??????? by bus. ? A. might go? B. may go?
C. could have gone? D. ought have gone
14.There is someone knocking at the door. ??????? it be Tom? ? A. Can? B. Must? C. Should? D. Ought
15.There was a lot of time. He ??????? . ?A. mustn't have hurried? B. needn't have hurried ?C. could have hurried? D. ought to have hurriedGood-bye!
may might
shall
Must have to
will would
Used to
ought to should
dare (daren’t)
need (needn’t)
可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.无人称和数的变化; 2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if之后;*或与hardly, never,
no one, nobody连用; 3.常以needn’t 和daren’t
的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared. 多用于肯定句;
(sb.) need to do
dare to do
(sth.) need to be
done
(sth.) need doing
I dare say…
I don’t dare (to)go
判断正误:
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully..1 Can与 could的用法
A. Can二.非推测情态动词的基本用法 1)表能力
can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。
I can climb this pole. 我能爬这根杆子。
He is only four , but he can read.
他只有4岁，但已认得字了。
I can see clearly in the dark.2)表可能性
多用于否定与疑问结构中，但也可用在肯定句中,表示一时的情况, 意为“有时候会…”;
Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗？
It can’t be true. 它不可能是真的。
What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思？
Our house is on the top of the hill, and in winter the winds
can be pretty cold.3)表示允许或请求（和may意思相近）常见于口语。
Can (May) I come in ? 我能进来吗？
Can I smoke here ? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？
1)表过去的能力,是can的过去式.
I could swim when I was only six.
我刚六岁就能游泳。
He could be very naughty when he was a
child.
他小时候会是很顽皮的。2).表示客气的请求可以代替can ,但语气
比 can委婉: Could you lend me the book?
B. could3)表过去的可能和许可，（多用于间接引语中）
At that time we thought the story could
not be true.
那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。
Father said I could swim in the river.
爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。
(1) A computer _______ think for itself ;it must be told what to do .
A.can’t B. could’t C. may not D. isn’t able to
(2) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly ,but everyone ________get out .
A.had to B.could C. was able to D. could
(3) I’ve always wanted to ____ speak English.
A.can B.could C.be able to c 情态动词高考考点透视小结:
1 .can的 主语可以是人或物而be able to
的主语通常是有生命的东西.
2.在过去的时态中,强调有能力时 could
强调做成了某事,用was/were able to,相
当于succeeded in doing sth
3. can只有现在和过去两种时态而be able
to 有各种时态的变化.还有非谓语动词
形式
2 情态动词may与 might 的用法
A. May
(1).表示请求:要求对方允许做某事.比can
较为正式。
May I come in? May I sit here?
(2).表示猜测:可能性不如can大. They may arrive at six. There may be very crowded.
(3). 表示祝愿；但语气较正式。
May you succeed!
May you have a good holiday!
.可以代替 may 语气更委婉，客气 些:
Might I say something? Do you think we might start earlier?
2). might是may的过去式, 表示与过去有关的
允许，请求及也许，可能．
eg: Might I say something?
Do you think we might start earlier?B. might 3) 表现在的“可能”，其可能性要比may小。
Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock.
电熨斗会有危险，它可能电着人。
He might be right.
C. 考点透析
表示许可 一般可用may/might,can/could。
might,could 比较委婉，might一般多用于疑问句,
而 can 表达的语言比较随便，在以 could,might 表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用 can,may 而不用could,might。
3.You may come at any time you like.
4.He asked if he might attend the lecture.
5.----May I use your pen?
----Yes,you can. ( No,you can’t./mustn’t.)
6.You can have the novel when I have finished it.
7.----Could I borrow your dictionary?
----Yes,of course you_________.(MET92)
A.might B.will C.can D.should
8. ----Might I watch TV after supper?
----Yes,you________.
A.may B.must C.might D.can
CA1）用于第一人称表将来。I shall go to work after I have finished school.
2）用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。
Shall he come in? — Come in, please.
3）用于二、三人称，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。
You shall be punished if you insist on doing it this way.3、Shall4、must have to 。
A. Must
1)表示必须、必要
We must do everything step by step .我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。
2)must 表示必然的结果
All men must die.
人固有一死.
3)must be + 表语的结构，通常表示猜测，
含有“一定”之意。（只用在肯定句中）
He must be an honest boy.
他一定是个诚实的男孩。
This must be your room.
这一定是你的房间。4)must 的否定式有两个：
当回答由must引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn’t表示“不必”、“无须”、“用不着”、“不一定”的意义。
Must I go tomorrow?明天我必须去吗？
Yes, please.是的，请吧！
No , you needn’t. 不，你不必去。
当表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”时，就用must not。
B. 比较have to和must
? 1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事） 2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3） 在否定结构中：
don‘t have to 表示“不必”
mustn't 表示"禁止"， You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5.will would used to
A. Will
1).表示请求,建议,一般用于第二人称.
Will you please go with me?
2).表示愿意,决定,允许.
I will never do that again.
3).表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,译作总是,惯于,用于第三人称.
Fish will die out of water.B. Would
1). 表示请求,建议,比will语气婉转.
Would you please…?
2).表示过去的习惯性动作或某种倾向.
C. Will Would 和used to 区别will 指现在 “往往…” 、“总是…” 、“就会…”
would 指过去 “常常…” “总是…” (对现在没有暗示)只和行为动词连用.
比较: used to 指过去 “常常…” “总是” (暗示现在不再如此) 和行为动词或系
动词连用..
He’ll talk for hours if you give the chance.
She would / used to stand and talk with her neighbors in front
of the house as she had breakfast
There used to be a church.1）预测、可能。They should be here by now.
2）说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然”
You can’t imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.6、should ought to
A. Should B. Should used to 区别
Should 表示主语的职责和义务或说话人的劝告.强调主观上.
You should not judge a man always by the clothes.
Ought to强调客观上(法律,章程和道义)
You ought to go and see Mary tomorrow.在不表示推测的情态动词中, 我们要注意以下考点:1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。
2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法。
3. shall 的多种意义。
4. Will would 的多种意义及区别.
5. Dare need 的用法
6. 情态动词短语的使用。
Summary 表示否定的情态动词的用法:
部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点
之一。
mustn’t 不准, 禁止
needn’t 没必要 ( = don’t have to )
can’t 不能; 不可能
may not 不可以; 可能不
shouldn’t 不应该 ( = ought not to )4. 情态动词短语的使用:
would like to do…
would rather do…
would rather + 从句
would prefer to do...
had better do...
Can not but do … 情态动词非推测性用法小练 1.You ___ have the book as soon as I inished.
A. will B. shall C. must D. might
2.Why ___ you always interrupt me?
A. can B. must C. may D. will
3---____I go out to play now, Mum?
----No, you ___ .You should do your homework first.
A. Might , wouldn’t B. May ,had better not
C. Must , mustn’t D. Need, mustn’t
4. The door _______ open. A. can’t B. won’t c. mustn’t D.shouldn’t Must , ought to / should , may , might can could 等等都有推测性用法，其可能性程度按排列顺序有强到弱，翻译为“肯定会,应该.可能”等等。
表现形式 有三种:
1. 情态动词+ do
2. 情态动词+be doing
3. 情态动词 + have done三. 情态动词的推测性用法1. __Are you coming to Tom’s party ?
__I’m not sure .I ________go to the concert instead A.must B. would C. Should D. might
2 .Put on more clothes .You ___be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
3.Tom _______be a policeman ,for he is much too short .
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
4.it’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack ___ be here at any moment .
A must B need C should D can
(1) 对现在或将来情况推测：must +动词原形。
must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用can’t和can。
He must tell a lie. Can he tell a lie ?
He can’t tell a lie.
1、推测语气(2) 对过去情况推测：must (may, might)+完成时。
You must have met him before.
must—may—might可能性依次减弱
must只能用于肯定句，译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用can’t / couldn’t和can / could。
Could /Can it have happened last night ?
It couldn’t/can’t have happened last night.
He must be reading, isn’t he?
You must do it yourself, don’t you?
He must have gone over the article, hasn’t he?
It must have rained last night, didn’t it?2、表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成3情态动词+完成式对过去事实的推测表示责备本可以…却没有…情态动词+完成式Must have done
Can’t /could’t have done
1.Where is my pen ?I ___________it .
A.might lose B.would have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost
2. Jack __________yet ,otherwise he would have telephoned me .
A. mustn’t have arrived B. Should’t have arrived
C.can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived 想必已经 ,对过去情况的有把握的推
测，只 用于肯定句.
不可能干某事,对过去情况的否
定或怀疑.
1.Yesterday ,Jane walked away from the discussion .otherwise,she _________something she would regret later .
A. had said B. said
C. might say D. might have said
2.Sorry ,I’m late ,I ____have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A might B.should C.can D.will May /might have done 某事可能发生了,表推测.
May /might not have done可能没发生某事.
1,---I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow .
---- You ___ her last week.
ought to tell B would have told
C. must tell D.should have told
2.I was really anxious about you.You ____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leaveShould /ought to have done 本应该做某事却没做,表示后悔 埋怨或责备.
Shouldn’t /oughtn’t to have done 不应该做但做了,多表责备.
Could have done 本来能够做某事,却没做,含有
劝告,责备的意思He could have finished his work all by himself.
You could have made greater progress.Needn’t have done(只有否定式)本不必做某事
但是却做了It is raining hard outside. You needn’t have watered the flowers
There was plenty of time.She needn’t have hurried.4. He must have finished the work,
_____ he?
5. He must have finished the work two years ago, _______he?
6. He must be a student,_____ he?Hasn’tDidn’tIsn’t表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测
可能的推测
否定的推测
疑问的推测must 对将来 对现在 对过去情态动词may, might can’t,
couldn’tcan, could + V. + V. + have done
常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done
+ be doing
可以用not表示“可能不”
+V. + V. + have done
+ be doing+ V. + V. + have done
+ be doingsummary. 情态动词 + 完成式动词 (指过去的动作或情况)
1 may / might have done sth. 可能做过(了)某事 /本来可能却没做
2 can’t / couldn’t have done sth. 不可能做了某事
3 must have done sth. 准是做了某事
4 needn’t have done sth. 本不必做某事(实际上已做)(只有否定式)
5 could have done sth. 本可以做某事 (实际上没做)
6 should have done sth. 本应做某事 (实际上没做)
7 ought to have done sth. 本应做某事 (实际上没做)
8 shouldn’t have done sth. 本不应做某事 (实际上已做)
9 oughtn’t to have done sth. 本不应做某事 (实际上已做)
1."May I pick a flower in the garden?" " ??????? ." ??A. No, you needn't?? B. Not, please ??
C. No, you mustn't?? D. No, you won't
2."Could I call you by your first name?" "Yes, you ??????? ." ??A. will?? B. could?? C. may?? D. might
3.I didn't see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ??????? at the meeting. ??A. mustn't have spoken?? B. shouldn't have spoken ??C. needn't have spoken?? D. couldn't have spoken
巩固练习4.You ??????? take your umbrella. I am sure it won't rain. ??A. shouldn't?? B. can't??
C. don't have to?? D. mustn‘t
5.Look what you have done. You ??????? have been careful. ??A. should?? B. can?? C. must?? D. may
6.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I ??????? him. ??A. would see?? B. could meet??
C. might have seen?? D. might see
7. “Can you imagine how ??????? about it?” ?? “No, I can't.” ? ?A. could they know possibly??B. could they possibly know ?? C. they could possibly know??D. possibly they could know
8.Tom ??????? full marks, but he was too careless ??????? a
spelling mistake. ? ?A. could gain, to make??
B. could have gained, to make ? ?C. could have gained, and made??
D. could have gained, as to make
9. — Someone is knocking at the door. Who ??????? it be? ?? — It ??????? be Tom. He is still in the school. ? ?A. can, can't?? B. can, mustn't??
C. might, could? D. might, may 10. — Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?
— No, ________. ? A. you shouldn't? B. you might not
C. you needn't ? D. you mustn't
11.You ??????? to attend the meeting, but you didn't. ?A. should come? B. would have come ?
C. came? D. should have come
12.We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He ??????? it. A. mustn't have attended B. cannot have attended
C. needn't have attended D. would have not attended13.Tom went on foot, but he ??????? by bus. ? A. might go? B. may go?
C. could have gone? D. ought have gone
14.There is someone knocking at the door. ??????? it be Tom? ? A. Can? B. Must? C. Should? D. Ought
15.There was a lot of time. He ??????? . ?A. mustn't have hurried? B. needn't have hurried ?C. could have hurried? D. ought to have hurriedGood-bye!