modal verbs 情态动词[下学期]
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| 名称 | modal verbs 情态动词[下学期] |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2005-08-28 17:42:00 | ||
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课件34张PPT。Modal Verbs 1 had better
should
ought toWhat is modal verb?情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。
情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
e.g.:
Can I sit down?
You should go home now.
I will never be your friend.Had betterHad better 是一个固定词组，表示可取，意为“最好”，“应该”，常用一般式。
E.g,
You’d better get some rest.
We’d better stop now.
You better say yes if they ask you this question.(有时可以省略had)Should should 表示义务，意为“应该”或“应当”。
E.g,
You should do what your parents tell you.
He should look for a job, but he doesn’t want to.
How should I know?
I suggest that you should stay here till your teacher comes.Should （考点1）should 用于完成时中的肯定句，表示应完成而未完成的动作。
E.g,1.He looks so ill. He should have stayed at home.
should 用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作。
E.g, 1. They shouldn’t have left the classroom.
1. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night. ( )
mustn’t go
B shouldn’t go
C.could have gone
D.shouldn’t have gone should 标推测时，暗含可能性很大。
The film should be very good because it has first-class actors.
should 可用在某些从句中，表虚拟语气。
I suggest that you (should) obey the rules in your new company.
I advise that you finish your homework without any help from your classmates.Should （考点2） ought to ought to 用于表示"想必会"(语气较must 弱)：
1. They ought to be there by now. 他们想必已到那儿了。
2. He ought to stop smoking. 他最好不要抽烟了。
多数情况下，ought to可与should互换使用。
Ought to的反意疑问句用shouldn’t替代。
13. You ought to have helped him with his English, ________ you ?
A. won’t you
B. ought not you
C. shouldn’t you
D. wouldn’t you
比较had better, should & ought to 三者均表示建议，意为“应该”，“应当”或“最好做…”.
三者的语气程度为渐强。
Had better指一般性的建议，最弱。
Should&ought to含义相近，常可互换。区别在于，ought to常指特殊情况下的“应当”。Should则指一般情况。见下页例句。You ought to help him because he is in trouble now.(语气强，有命令意味。)
You should have a rest after finishing your sports.（一般性建议）
You ought to call the police when you find something wrong in your house.
He should take care of the babies tonight.Modal Verbs 2 must
have to
have got to must
1. 表示义务，意为“必须”。（主观意志）
We must do everything step by step.
Being a student, you must try your best to pass the exams.
You are an adult, you must take the responsibilities to your behaviors.
I must go now as my boyfriend is waiting for me outside.Must --Must we hand in our homework now?
--No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.
对must的问句，肯定回答用must或have to而否定回答一般不用mustn’t，因为mustn’t表示禁止，用needn’t或don’t have to，意思是“不必”。
In the classroom, you must not smoke.
--Must I leave now?
--No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to.
must （考点1）2 must 表示推断或揣测。意为“想必，一定，准是。” 且只用于肯定句。
He must be ill, because he looks so pale.
You must be tired after your long walking.
Look! He is driving such a good car, he must have earned a large amount of money abroad.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.must （考点2）Have to have to 表示客观需要去做的事情，意为“必须，不得不。”
I have to get the station early to catch the first train.
We missed the bus so we had to walk home.
We have to overcome all kinds of difficulties.
Have to 有多种时态。常见的有：一般将来时，
We will have to gather at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.
一般现在时
I have to take more money with me because my gf has so much to buy.
一般过去时
Finally, we had to give up our idea to hold a picnic outside as it rained for a whole afternoon.Have to （考点） must表主观意志，而have to表由于客观因素不得不做完成的事情。
Must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过去的时间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用had to代替。
I told her that she must give up smoking.
She said, “We had to get everything ready that night.”比较must & have to must
can/could
may/mightModal Verbs 3情态动词must,can/could,may/might 表推测 1 肯定句中用must（一定，很可能），may（可能），could/might（也许，或许）
语气程度依次减弱，即，must为十分肯定，may把握不大，might/could可能性很小。
Ps：might/could并非过去时态，只是语气较委婉，或因说话者认为可能性小而不敢肯定的一种手法。推测modal verbs （考点1） 肯定句中对当前行为，状态的推测句型。
must/may/could+do/be…
He must come from Africa.
肯定句中对此时此刻正在进行动作的推测。
must/may/could+be doing…
The student may be still waiting for his teacher in the office.
肯定句中对过去发生的事情的推测。
must/may/could+have done…
They may have finished the work yesterday,
because I saw them shopping in the supermarket. 在否定句中用can not/ could not 或may not/might not表推测
It’s snowing outside. He can’t be on the playground.
The classroom can’t have been cleaned by Tom, because I saw him playing football at that time yesterday. 推测modal verbs （考点2）在疑问句中，常用can表示“可能”。
Who can it be?
How can he solve such a hard work?
I lost touch with him for many years, where can you find his address? 推测modal verbs （考点3）推测modal verbs （考点4）He must be reading, isn’t he?
You must do it yourself, don’t you?
He may have gone over the article, hasn’t he?
It may have rained last night, didn’t it can
be able toModal Verbs 4 can & be able to 同与异? 二者表示能力，泛指能力(具有知识、技巧、本领而能读书、游泳、说英语，踢足球等)
I could / was able to swim well when I was only ten.
? 如果指过去具体某时或某个场合能(设法)做到某事succeeded in doing sth./managed to do sth.),在否定句中两者都可用,
We had a holiday yesterday, but couldn’t / weren’t able to go to the seaside.
? 在肯定陈述句和疑问句中,只能用be able to.
He didn’t agree with me at first, but I was able to persuade him.
How many children was he able to save from the flood?
shall
need
dare
will/would/used to Modal Verbs 51）用于第一人称表将来。I shall go to work after I have finished school.
2）用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。
Shall he come in? — Come in, please.
3）用于二、三人称肯定句，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。
You shall be punished if you insist on doing it this way.Shall 的考点Need 情态动词与实义动词比较need “必需” “需要” ;
--- Must I be here before 9 o’clock ?
--- No, you needn’t. (不能说: No, you mustn’t.)
--- Need I be here before 9 o’clock?
--- Yes, you must. (不能说: Yes, you need.)
注意: 1) need作情态动词, 不能用于肯定陈述句, 在陈述句中,应该用need的实义动词表达.
You need to be here before 9 o’clock.
(不能说: You need be here before 9 o’clock.)
2) 回答Must/Need开头的问句, 不能说:Yes, you need./No, you mustn’t.
dare (过去式 dared) “敢于…”He dare not go into the building even in the daytime.
How dare you ask me such a question?
If you dare say that again, you shall be punished.
注意:
dare作情态动词时,不能用于肯定陈述句中(if条件句除外).
在肯定陈述句中, 要用dare的实义动词来表达 “敢于”.在实义动词dare的否定句中,可以省去后面的to.
不能说: He dare go into the building in the dark night.
正确： He dares to go into the building in the dark night.
正确： He doesn’t dare (to ) tell us the truth.
dare (过去式 dared) “敢于…”表示习惯性动作或状态 will 指现在 “往往…” 、“总是…” 、“就会…”
Fish will die out of water.
He’ll talk for hours if you give the chance.
would 指过去 “常常…” “总是…” (对现在没有暗示)
比较: used to 指过去 “常常…” “总是” (暗示现在不再如此)
She would / used to stand and talk with her neighbors in front of the house as she had breakfast. will (过去式would)用于各种人称,表示意愿,意志. I will stick to my plan though all of you are against it.
I told him to give up smoking, but he wouldn’t listen.
情态动词 + 完成式动词 (指过去的动作或情况)may / might have done sth. 可能做过(了)某事
can’t / couldn’t have done sth. 不可能做了某事
must have done sth. 准是做了某事
needn’t have done sth. 本不必做某事(实际上已做)
could have done sth. 本可以做某事 (实际上没做)
should have done sth. 本应做某事 (实际上没做)
ought to have done sth. 本应做某事 (实际上没做)
shouldn’t have done sth.本不应做某事 (实际上已做)
oughtn’t to have done sth. 本不应做某事 (实际上已做)
should
ought toWhat is modal verb?情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。
情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
e.g.:
Can I sit down?
You should go home now.
I will never be your friend.Had betterHad better 是一个固定词组，表示可取，意为“最好”，“应该”，常用一般式。
E.g,
You’d better get some rest.
We’d better stop now.
You better say yes if they ask you this question.(有时可以省略had)Should should 表示义务，意为“应该”或“应当”。
E.g,
You should do what your parents tell you.
He should look for a job, but he doesn’t want to.
How should I know?
I suggest that you should stay here till your teacher comes.Should （考点1）should 用于完成时中的肯定句，表示应完成而未完成的动作。
E.g,1.He looks so ill. He should have stayed at home.
should 用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作。
E.g, 1. They shouldn’t have left the classroom.
1. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night. ( )
mustn’t go
B shouldn’t go
C.could have gone
D.shouldn’t have gone should 标推测时，暗含可能性很大。
The film should be very good because it has first-class actors.
should 可用在某些从句中，表虚拟语气。
I suggest that you (should) obey the rules in your new company.
I advise that you finish your homework without any help from your classmates.Should （考点2） ought to ought to 用于表示"想必会"(语气较must 弱)：
1. They ought to be there by now. 他们想必已到那儿了。
2. He ought to stop smoking. 他最好不要抽烟了。
多数情况下，ought to可与should互换使用。
Ought to的反意疑问句用shouldn’t替代。
13. You ought to have helped him with his English, ________ you ?
A. won’t you
B. ought not you
C. shouldn’t you
D. wouldn’t you
比较had better, should & ought to 三者均表示建议，意为“应该”，“应当”或“最好做…”.
三者的语气程度为渐强。
Had better指一般性的建议，最弱。
Should&ought to含义相近，常可互换。区别在于，ought to常指特殊情况下的“应当”。Should则指一般情况。见下页例句。You ought to help him because he is in trouble now.(语气强，有命令意味。)
You should have a rest after finishing your sports.（一般性建议）
You ought to call the police when you find something wrong in your house.
He should take care of the babies tonight.Modal Verbs 2 must
have to
have got to must
1. 表示义务，意为“必须”。（主观意志）
We must do everything step by step.
Being a student, you must try your best to pass the exams.
You are an adult, you must take the responsibilities to your behaviors.
I must go now as my boyfriend is waiting for me outside.Must --Must we hand in our homework now?
--No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.
对must的问句，肯定回答用must或have to而否定回答一般不用mustn’t，因为mustn’t表示禁止，用needn’t或don’t have to，意思是“不必”。
In the classroom, you must not smoke.
--Must I leave now?
--No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to.
must （考点1）2 must 表示推断或揣测。意为“想必，一定，准是。” 且只用于肯定句。
He must be ill, because he looks so pale.
You must be tired after your long walking.
Look! He is driving such a good car, he must have earned a large amount of money abroad.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.must （考点2）Have to have to 表示客观需要去做的事情，意为“必须，不得不。”
I have to get the station early to catch the first train.
We missed the bus so we had to walk home.
We have to overcome all kinds of difficulties.
Have to 有多种时态。常见的有：一般将来时，
We will have to gather at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.
一般现在时
I have to take more money with me because my gf has so much to buy.
一般过去时
Finally, we had to give up our idea to hold a picnic outside as it rained for a whole afternoon.Have to （考点） must表主观意志，而have to表由于客观因素不得不做完成的事情。
Must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过去的时间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用had to代替。
I told her that she must give up smoking.
She said, “We had to get everything ready that night.”比较must & have to must
can/could
may/mightModal Verbs 3情态动词must,can/could,may/might 表推测 1 肯定句中用must（一定，很可能），may（可能），could/might（也许，或许）
语气程度依次减弱，即，must为十分肯定，may把握不大，might/could可能性很小。
Ps：might/could并非过去时态，只是语气较委婉，或因说话者认为可能性小而不敢肯定的一种手法。推测modal verbs （考点1） 肯定句中对当前行为，状态的推测句型。
must/may/could+do/be…
He must come from Africa.
肯定句中对此时此刻正在进行动作的推测。
must/may/could+be doing…
The student may be still waiting for his teacher in the office.
肯定句中对过去发生的事情的推测。
must/may/could+have done…
They may have finished the work yesterday,
because I saw them shopping in the supermarket. 在否定句中用can not/ could not 或may not/might not表推测
It’s snowing outside. He can’t be on the playground.
The classroom can’t have been cleaned by Tom, because I saw him playing football at that time yesterday. 推测modal verbs （考点2）在疑问句中，常用can表示“可能”。
Who can it be?
How can he solve such a hard work?
I lost touch with him for many years, where can you find his address? 推测modal verbs （考点3）推测modal verbs （考点4）He must be reading, isn’t he?
You must do it yourself, don’t you?
He may have gone over the article, hasn’t he?
It may have rained last night, didn’t it can
be able toModal Verbs 4 can & be able to 同与异? 二者表示能力，泛指能力(具有知识、技巧、本领而能读书、游泳、说英语，踢足球等)
I could / was able to swim well when I was only ten.
? 如果指过去具体某时或某个场合能(设法)做到某事succeeded in doing sth./managed to do sth.),在否定句中两者都可用,
We had a holiday yesterday, but couldn’t / weren’t able to go to the seaside.
? 在肯定陈述句和疑问句中,只能用be able to.
He didn’t agree with me at first, but I was able to persuade him.
How many children was he able to save from the flood?
shall
need
dare
will/would/used to Modal Verbs 51）用于第一人称表将来。I shall go to work after I have finished school.
2）用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。
Shall he come in? — Come in, please.
3）用于二、三人称肯定句，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。
You shall be punished if you insist on doing it this way.Shall 的考点Need 情态动词与实义动词比较need “必需” “需要” ;
--- Must I be here before 9 o’clock ?
--- No, you needn’t. (不能说: No, you mustn’t.)
--- Need I be here before 9 o’clock?
--- Yes, you must. (不能说: Yes, you need.)
注意: 1) need作情态动词, 不能用于肯定陈述句, 在陈述句中,应该用need的实义动词表达.
You need to be here before 9 o’clock.
(不能说: You need be here before 9 o’clock.)
2) 回答Must/Need开头的问句, 不能说:Yes, you need./No, you mustn’t.
dare (过去式 dared) “敢于…”He dare not go into the building even in the daytime.
How dare you ask me such a question?
If you dare say that again, you shall be punished.
注意:
dare作情态动词时,不能用于肯定陈述句中(if条件句除外).
在肯定陈述句中, 要用dare的实义动词来表达 “敢于”.在实义动词dare的否定句中,可以省去后面的to.
不能说: He dare go into the building in the dark night.
正确： He dares to go into the building in the dark night.
正确： He doesn’t dare (to ) tell us the truth.
dare (过去式 dared) “敢于…”表示习惯性动作或状态 will 指现在 “往往…” 、“总是…” 、“就会…”
Fish will die out of water.
He’ll talk for hours if you give the chance.
would 指过去 “常常…” “总是…” (对现在没有暗示)
比较: used to 指过去 “常常…” “总是” (暗示现在不再如此)
She would / used to stand and talk with her neighbors in front of the house as she had breakfast. will (过去式would)用于各种人称,表示意愿,意志. I will stick to my plan though all of you are against it.
I told him to give up smoking, but he wouldn’t listen.
情态动词 + 完成式动词 (指过去的动作或情况)may / might have done sth. 可能做过(了)某事
can’t / couldn’t have done sth. 不可能做了某事
must have done sth. 准是做了某事
needn’t have done sth. 本不必做某事(实际上已做)
could have done sth. 本可以做某事 (实际上没做)
should have done sth. 本应做某事 (实际上没做)
ought to have done sth. 本应做某事 (实际上没做)
shouldn’t have done sth.本不应做某事 (实际上已做)
oughtn’t to have done sth. 本不应做某事 (实际上已做)