课件13张PPT。 UNIT 8 Learning A Foreign Language GRAMMAR
REVISION
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD 虚拟语气一，MOOD语气1. The indicative mood
to express facts, used in statements, questions and exclamations
eg. The forces of the third world are growing from day to day.
Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday?
What nice weather we have today!
陈述语气2. The imperative mood
to express command, requests, advice, etc.
Let’s help each other. Give him what he wants.
Be seated, please. Do be more careful.
Let’s go, shall we?祈使语气Mood is the form of the verb
which shows the manner
in which the action or state is expressed.1. The indicative mood 陈述语气
The imperative mood 祈使语气
The Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气 To express thoughts
( wishes, suggestions, suppositions or something contrary to facts. )⑴ 要是我现在能在天上飞该多好喔!
wish I I could fly in the sky now!
⑵ 汤姆建议计划该马上执行。
suggested Tom that the planshouldbe carried out right away.⑶ 如果我上星期天有时间，我是会来看你的。
If I had had time last Sunday, I would have come to see you. ？Unreal condition A sentence of unreal condition may refer to
the present, the past, or the future.PASTPRESENTFUTUREIf clauseMain / Result clausewere / did
If I were you,
If he knew your place,would (should, could, might) +do
I would tell him the truth.
he might drop in on you. were / did
should+ be/do
were to + do
If it snowed /should snow/ were to snow tomorrow,would (should, could, might) +do
we would go to the mountain.
we could go skating.had been/ had done
If I had seen him yesterday,would (should, could, might) + have done
I would have asked him about it.Pay attention to the negativenot二，unreal condition Thanks to your so much help, they could complete the project ahead of time.
★If you had not helped them a lot, they could not have completed the project ahead of time.
1. Had you not helped them a lot, they could not have completed …. W your help, they could not have completed the project….B f ut or your help, they could not have completed the project….If ithad not been for your help, they would not have been able to…. 2.ithout三. More ways3.4.5.Thanks to your so much help, otherwise they would have failed to…. 6. Suppose/supposing you had not helped them, they….四, Other structures / patterns1. wish I wish I knew the answer to the question now.He wishes he could go to study abroad soon. 我真希望我以前没吃得那么多。I wish I had not eaten so much before. 我希望我现在知道这个问题的答案。他希望不久能出国留学。suggest, insist, demand, order etc.老师建议该开个会来讨论这个问题。
The teacher suggested that a meeting be held to discuss the problem.
cf. Her bright face suggested that she was quite happy.
He put forward a suggestion that we give the room a thorough cleaning.
cf. This is the suggestion that Tom brought from the branch yesterday.3. It is necessary / important etc. that … ( should )….
It is ordered / recommended etc. that … ( should )….
It is necessary that we should know some traffic regulations.
cf. It is strange that he should do such a thing. （竟然）(应该)4. It is (high) time that …did….你早该换衣服了。It is ( high) time you got changed.5. I’d rather (that)…did….我宁可你明天来。I’d rather you came tomorrow.cf. He’d rather die than surrender. 五, Practice 带 ★ 为高考题 要是早他听医生的嘱咐,现在就痊愈了。
If he __①____, he ____②_____ quite all right now.
① had listened to the doctor’s advice
② would be pastnowmixed time cf. If I were you, I would have gone to the theatre last night.
2. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion.
Otherwise she _____ something she would regret later. ★
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have saidD cf. Sorry I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm clock and
gone back to sleep again. ★
A. might B. should C. can D. willA I ______ pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
A. should B. might C. would D. could ★A4. He ____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself ★
by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’tB5. – Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York? ★
-- I agree, but the problem is ____ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; whatB6. I would appreciate it ____ you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s ★
appointment. A. until B. if C. when D. that real conditionB7. You are sorry to learn that your friend Jack hurt himself while working.
You may say: If onlyyou had worked with greater care!Exercises in the textbook
pp. 69-70
p. 204Thank You For
Your Listening课件30张PPT。虚拟语气
Subjunctive虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中虚拟语气[例句]
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)
2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)
3. If I were you, I would go at once.
假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在 在条件从句中虚拟语气二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
Should he fail in the experiment…
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中虚拟语气三、错综时间的条件句
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：虚拟语气1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。
2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况：
1) 现在：用过去式
2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done)
3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 虚拟语气[例句]
1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
2. I wish I were 30 years younger.
我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
3. I wish (that) you would get a good job.
我希望你能找到一个好职业。
4. He wished he hadn't done it.
他想要是他没这样做该多好。
5. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 虚拟语气4、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气
Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do;
Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。
Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。
Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。
[例句]
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
He insisted that he was right. 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 虚拟语气在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中
当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。 I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 虚拟语气在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
[例句]
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 虚拟语气在 在主语从句中虚拟语气主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
虚拟语气在 在表语从句中虚拟语气同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。
The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中虚拟语气在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).
一、as if 连接表语从句
she looked as if she were made of ice.
她看起来似乎是冰做的
he looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.
二、as if 连接让步状语从 句
She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.
她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中虚拟语气1. if only 意为：若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只要...就好
表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
If only I had arrived in time!
If only she didn’t drive so fast.
2. It’s (high/right) time that…
that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do
It’s time that you left here.
虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气
Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. 虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用(should) do表示虚拟形式, 主要用于名词性从句中。
2、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。简单的归纳虚拟语气Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.
A. would have missed B. had missed
C. would miss D. missed
2. If I knew you were coming, I ___ you at the airport.
A. had met B. met
C. would meet D. would have metExercisesAD虚拟语气3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.)
A. listened B. had listened
C. should listen D. would listen
4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house.
A. sell B. sold
C. shall sell D. would sell
5. I wish this bus ___ to the university.
A. go B. went
C. has gone D. had goneBAB虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well.
A. get B. getting C. got D. should get
7. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there.
A. had been B. were C. was D. been
8. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then.
A. would lend B. would have lent
C. could lend D. may have lentCAB虚拟语气9. – Have you ever been to Beijing?
-- No, but I wish I ___.
A. have B. will C. do D. had
10. I don’t think it is the right time that you __.
A. will go B. went C. go D. must go
11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿. A. breaks?? B. has broken??
C. were broken?? D. had been broken DBC虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气课件14张PPT。The Subjunctive Mood
Ⅱ Designed by : Zhao AiminRevision :
1.I wish I ___________ (see) you yesterday.
2.I wish it _________ (be) spring all year round.
3.We wish he _________ (stay) with us tomorrow.had seenwerecould stay So we can draw a conclusion :…wish that V-edhad +donemight/would/could +v过去事实相反
现在事实相反
将来事实相反1.If I ____ (have) time now, I _______(go) with you.
2.If he ____________ (not study) hard,
he _____________ (fail) the exam last week.
3.If you ________________________ (miss)the film
tonight ,you ___________ (feel) sorry for it.hadwould gohad not studied would have failedmissed/were to miss/should misswould feelPresentation:
Fill in the blanks with the proper form had +done…, …would/could/might/should+have+done…v-ed…,…would/could/might/should+vwere to +v/ should + v / v-ed, …would
/ could/might/should+v…Competition:
Discussion and making sentences with the
following structures.Observation :B: Had you gone over your test paper carefully before
handing it in,you would have made fewer mistakes.B: Should it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off
the visit to Beihai park.B: Were I a teacher ,I would not give my students
any homework.Conclusion:在if 引导的非真实条件句中，常可以省略if，将相应助动词
had,were或should提至句首1.The doctor suggested that the patient _______________
(give) up smoking.
2.We insist that he _______________ (come) to the party.Revision:Conclusion:在动词suggest（建议）,advise(建议)propose（提议）,
recommend（劝告）, demand/order（命令）,insist
（坚决要求）,request（请求）,desire（希望）等后面
所接的宾语从句中，用“（should）+动词原形”的
虚拟语气形式。(should) give(should) come1. My idea is that we__________ (begin)the party with a warm welcome to Mr. Black.
2. Their proposal was that we ___________(start) out one hour earlier.
3. His request was that we______________ (help) the old lady with her daily shopping.
4. My advice is that you _________________(not come) back to this place again. (should) begin(should) start(should) help should not comeConclusion:Let’s see what’s wrong with the following sentences
and see who can answer more quickly and better:1.If I had known more about giving first aid, I could help them 2.People who have witnessed an accident often wish that
they did things differently3.If he didn’t choose to save the girl , he would not have died in
the mountains4.If he hadn’t used his cellphone to make that SOS call, all the
passages on the boat will have been left to die in the sea water, just
like what happened to the people on the Titanic almost 100 years ago.5.If the poisoned girl was found two hours earlier,she could have been
saved.6. I wish I was able to talk this over with him when he was here last evening. 7. I wish I had seen you tomorrow evening.8.Were it rain tomorrow ,we would not go to have a picnic.Discussion:
Make up as many sentences as
you can,using the Subjunctive
Mood .Jane used to be an ordinary but happy girl , after graduation ,she went to look for a job several times, but failed. She was terribly sad. And her classmates all had good jobs. She thought that it was because she was not beautiful enough. last year she had a series of facelifts(整容), which made her eyes bigger and nose higher. In a word , an ugly duckling has become a white swan(天鹅), as if it had been a dream! A man-made beautySo she went to look for a job again ,this time she thought that she would be much easier to find a job. But to her surprise ,she still couldn’t find a good job. She was told that she hadn’t got enough knowledge to
be fit for a higher position. And what’s worse ,her face began to get infected
because it was not well done. How she regretted that ….课件15张PPT。I want to be a bird.impossibleHe wishes he were a bird.I want to go to school without any exam.No way!She wishes she could go to school without any exam.I want to have a car.No money, no talk.He wishes that he had a car.wish 现在未实现的愿望： wish +过去式
(她不在)
I wish she were here.真希望她在这儿。1.I wish I _____ what is happening now.
A know B knows
C had known D knew2.真希望我能年轻十岁。
I wish I were ten years younger.
wish 过去未实现的愿望： wish +… had doneI feel sick. I wish I ______ so much.
A ate B have eaten C had not eaten
D have not eaten她去英国了。要是已经告诉她真相 (truth)
就好了。
She’s gone to England. I wish ________
_____________.
I had toldher the truthwish将来有可能实现的愿望：
wish +would/might doYou are so busy! I wish you _____
give him a message for me.
A will B would C would have
D can真希望他能再试一次。
I wish he would try again. 小结：wish的用法wish过去式(did)
过去完成式
(had done)
would/might +动词原形目前未实现的愿望过去未实现的愿望将来有可能实现的愿望 had hoped that + …would /could do
原本希望His father _____ he would go into business.
A hopes B has been hoped
C had hoped that D hoped to
他朋友原本希望他能考上广州大学。
His friend had hoped that he could go to
Guangzhou University.
It’s time (for us)to go to school.
It’s (high) time that we went to school.即： It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.
It’s (high) time that sb. did sth. as if
He looks as if he were drunk. as if /as though从句动作与主句动作同时发生:
as if / as though + …过去时
She looks as if she were drunk.
He talks as if he _____ all about it.
A know B knows C knowing D knew
她表现(act)得好象她是老师一样。
She acts as if she were a teacher. 从句动作发生在主句动作之前：
as if / as though +…had done
1.They talked as if they had been friends
for years.
2.He went out as if nothing _____ .
A happen B has happened
C had happened D is happening
3.他看起来很开心,就好象他已经通过了考试。
He looked very happy, as if he had passed
the exam. advise , ask suggest, insist
demand , orderthat + …(should) doTom advised that Jim (should) go.
He insisted that we _____ at once.
A to go B going C go D has gone
老师要求所有学生参加英语一级考试。
The teacher demands that all students
(should )take part in PET 1.It is suggested that
It is ordered that+…(should) doIt is suggested that they (should) have a rest.
I suggested that we ______ .
A to go B going C go D gone
Kate followed their suggestion that she
(should) go to the theatre.小结：had hoped that + 过去完成式
It’s (high) time that sb. + 过去式
As if/though + 过去式
过去完成式
与suggest(ion), order, demand, insist等有关的名词性从句中用 should+原形课件16张PPT。何付国2005.7.30-31动词（7）虚拟语气1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1. 在三种 if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果有 had, were, should 时， if 可以省略，并将 had , were 或 should 提前。e.g. If I were you , I would study harder.
=Were I you, I would study harder.
If you had come here yesterday, you would have seen what had happened.
=Had you come here yesterday, you would have seen what had happened.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
=Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.注意事项： 2. 当条件句表示行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时。被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。e.g. If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time. 3. 用介词短语代替条件从句（with;without;but for)，或根据上下文暗示，又叫含蓄条件句。e.g. What would you do with a million dollars?(=if you had a million dollars)
We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help)
But for the rain(=if it hadn’t been for the rain), we would have finished the work.
Such mistakes could have been avoided. (if you had been more careful.)二、虚拟语气特殊句型： wish
+ 宾语从句现在：
过去：
未来：过去时 (did/were)过去完成时 (had done)would/could/might+V. shouldI wish I were a bird. (现在)
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. (过去)
We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.
(未来)2. would rather that --现在：
过去：
未来：I would rather you paid me now. (现在)I would rather you had gone, too. (过去)Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来)过去时过去时过去完成时3. as if /though + 从句现在：
过去：过去时过去完成时He looks as if he were drunk.They talked though they had been friends for years.She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
It seems as if it were spring.
I remember the whole thing as though it had happened yesterday.4.It’s (about/high) time +that --should +V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you should go.It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。宾语从句。常见动词：
一个坚持：insist
两个命令：order, command
三个建议：advise, suggest, propose
四个要求：demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。我们建议Tom去休息一下。
他坚决要求我到场。
国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。
他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。
order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIt’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.
All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.6. If only …(要是…就好了)
If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadn’t missed the train!7. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that --- 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we should study hard.8. 某些简单句的固定句型：
Heaven help him!
God bless you!
May you succeed!
Long live the People’s Republic of China!课件7张PPT。GrammarTranslate the sentences into English:
外面很冷，你最好穿上你的大衣。
你最好别脱去你的大衣。
我们应该尊敬老师和父母。
你不应该这么粗心。It’s cold outside, you had better put on your coat.You had better not take off your coat.We should / ought to respect our teachers and parents.You should not / ought not to be so careless.Modal Verbs had bettershould
ought to had better not
Had sb better do…?should not / shouldn’t
Should sb do…?
ought not to / oughtn’t to
Ought sb to do…?最好；应该应该；将要应当；应该1. had better 用于反意疑问句中，附加问句用had
如： You’d better stop to have a rest , hadn’t you?
You’d better not eat green fruit, _____ you?
2. had better 变可用于进行式，意为“最好立即”.
如：我想我最好立即就走。
I think I’d better be going.
3. 有时had better可省去had, 这种情况多出现在祈使句中。
如： Better say yes, if they ask you.
Better have the operation right now.
hadshould 和 ought to 两者都有应该的意思，一般可通用。但should含有“劝告”、”建意”的语气，即“按我的想法应该……”；ought to语气更强，强调“有责任、有义务（做某事）”或“按道理应该……”。
e.g. (should / ought to)
1. ——I’ll start the work tomorrow.
——I think you ________ start at once.
(我想你应该立刻开始。)
2. ——I’ll start the work tomorrow.
——No. You __________ start at once.
(不行，你得立即开始。)shouldought toshould
ought to
shouldn’t
oughtn’t tohave donehave done不应该做却做了
应该做却没有做
Practice:
You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A. had better get B. had to get better
C. had better to get D. had better get
2. It is nearly 7:00, Jack ____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
3. ── Did the train arrive on time?
── No. It ___ two hours ago.
A. must have arrived B. ought to have arrived
C. must arrive D. ought to arrive
4. Tom ought to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told课件39张PPT。
情态动词
modal verbs1.--Is John coming by train?
--He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving
his car. (2002高考题）
A. must B. can C. need D. may
2.It has been announced that candidates(候选人)
____ remain in their seats until all the papers
have been collected. (2002上海高考题）
A. can B.will C. may D. shall
3.--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last
winter. (2002北京高考题）
--It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be 情态动词表示推测不表示推测can could
may might
shall should
must
will would
ought tohave to
dare (daren’t)
need (needn’t)
used toI daren’t ask her for a rise. 我不敢请求她加薪.
How did you dare to tell her that?
I wonder whether he dare stand up in public.
I don’t know how she dares to wear that dress.
Do you need any help?
I wonder whether he need send it immediately.
I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous.
The garden doesn’t need watering at the moment.
You needn’t finish that work today.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.无人称和数的变化; 2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly, never,
no one, nobody连用; 3.常以needn’t 和daren’t
的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared. 多用于肯定句;
(sb.) need to do
dare to do
(sth.) need to be
done
(sth.) need doing
判断正误:
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully.注意对need问句的回答:
--Need I finish the work today?
--Yes, ________________.
No, ________________.
No, ________________.you mustyou needn’tyou don’t have toneedn’t 对其它情态动词的回答:
--Shall I tell John about it?
--No, you __________.
--Must we do it now?
--No, you __________.
needn’t
(don’t have to) needn’t
(don’t have to)表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.1. You must be Mr Smith----I was told to expect
you here.
2. He must have known what we wanted.
3. We may have read the same report.
4. He can’t have slept through all that noise.
5. There’s someone outside----who can it be?
6. What can they be doing?
7. These pills might help to cure your disease.
8. You could be right, I suppose.表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测
可能的推测
否定的推测
疑问的推测must 对将来 对现在 对过去情态动词may, might can’t,
couldn’tcan, could + V. + V. + have done
常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done
+ be doing
可以用not表示“可能不”
+V. + V. + have done
+ be doing+ V. + V. + have done
+ be doing 1. I don't know where she is, she _______ in
Wuhan.
2. At this moment, our teacher ________________
our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3. The road is wet. It ________________ last night.
(rain)
4. Your mother ______________________ for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
may bemust be markingmust have rainedmust have been looking5. Philip ________________________ seriously in
the car accident. 菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.
6. ---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is
still here.
---She _____________________ (go) by bus.
7. Mike ________________ his car, for he came to
work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐
公共汽车来上班的。
may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecan’t have found高考考题:
1. I thought you _____like something to read, so
I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. would D. must
2. Where is my pen? I ____it.
A. might lose B. would have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost
3. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___asleep
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have beenB D B 4. ---There were already five people in the car,
but they managed to take me as well.
----It ____a comfortable journey
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
5. It’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack ___be here at
any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. could
D D 请把下列词语组合成句:1. ___________________________________,
( play, interesting, must, be, new, the )
for the director is so famous.
2. See how happy he is today! ___________
____________________________.
( failed, he, can’t, in, the, have, exam )
3. Peter isn’t in the classroom. __________
________________________________.
( may, playing, he, with, be, his, basketball,
friends ) The new play must be interesting He can’t
have failed in the exam He may be
playing basketball with his friends不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：
He is at home. (事实)
He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）
He could be at home.（很可能）
He ought to be at home.（很可能）
He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已）
He might be at home.（或许, 非常不确定）
He might not be at home.（也许不在家）
He may not be at home. （比might可能）
He couldn’t be at home.（很可能不在家）
He can’t be at home.（一定不在家）
He isn't at home.（事实）
在不表示推测的情态动词中, 我们要注意以下考点:1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。
2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法。
3. shall 和 will 的多种意义的区别。
4. 情态动词短语的使用。
5. 虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。 表示能力: can, could, be able to
*be able to 能用于各种时态。
can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。
*was / were able to : “设法做成某事”
相当于 managed to do sth.
succeeded in doing sth.。
1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。1. A computer ______ think for itself; it must
be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t
C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly
but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would
C. could D. was able toA D 3. They will ______ run this machine on their
own in three months.
A. can B. could C. may D. be able to
4. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 people.
A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able toD A 表示许可: may / might, can / could
* might, could 比较委婉, 一般多用于疑问句.
* can, may 表达的语言比较随便.
* 在以could, might 表示征询对方意见
或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can, may.5. — Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
6. — Might I watch TV after supper?
— Yes, you ________.
A. may B. must C. might D. can
C A 2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法:
部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点
之一。
mustn’t 不准, 禁止
needn’t 没必要 ( = don’t have to )
can’t 不能; 不可能
may not 不可以; 可能不
shouldn’t 不应该 ( = ought not to )7. You ______ return the book now. You can
keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
8. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you
______ hurt yourself.
A. won’t ; can’t B. mustn’t ; may
C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’tC B 9. --Will you stay for lunch?
--Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t
C. I needn’t D. I won’t
10. --May I pick a flower in the garden?
-- ________.
A. No, you needn’t B. Not, please.
C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’tB C 情态动词：shall, will 的多种意义: shall / will+ 动词原形: * shall 可表示必须、命令、 警告或征询意见. * will 可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句
中表示请求和建议.* 均可表示将来。 过去时为 should, would.3.11. He ______ be punished if he disobeys.
如果他不服从, 就要受到惩罚.
12. We are not going to quarrel at all if you ____
only let me speak.
只要你让我说话, 我们根本就不会吵架.
13. --Sir, ____ he go or stay?
--Let him go.
A. will B. shall C. might D. couldshallwillB 14. The door _______ open.
这门经常打不开.
15. Ronald ______ stay in his small garden for
a long time every day in the past.
A. could B. might C. should D. would
16. You _____ have the book after I read it.
我看完以后一定把这本书给你.won’tD shall4. 情态动词短语的使用:
would like to do…
would rather do…
would rather + 从句
would prefer to do...
had better do...改错:
1. Would you like having some tea?
2. I’d prefer going to the lecture this evening.
3. I’d rather you to go to the meeting.
4. He would rather to die than to give in.
5. You’d better to have your hair cut today.Would you like to have some tea?I’d prefer to go to ...… you went to ...He would rather die than give in.You’d better have ...5. 用于虚拟语气的情态动词: should
might
could
would
needn’t
ought to情态动词考题:1. Put on more clothes. You ??????? be feeling cold
with only a shirt on. ? A. can? B. could? C. must? D. would
2. "Must I drive to his house and pick up the
children?" ?
"No, ??????? ." ? A. you shouldn't? B. you might not ?
C. you needn't ? D. you mustn'tC C 3. We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday.
He ??????? it. ? A. mustn't have attended?
B. cannot have attended ? C. needn't have attended?
D. would have not attended
4. We ??????? play chess than bridge. Some of us
don't know how to play bridge. ? A. had better? B. would better?
C. would rather? D. had rather
B A 5. There is someone knocking at the door. ???????
it be Tom? ? A. can? B. must? C. should? D. ought to
6. Two year ago, my husband bought me a bicycle.
If you live in town, it is often faster than a car
and you ??????? worry about parking.
?? A. must not?? B. may not??
C. should not?? D. don't have to
A D 情态动词表示推测不表示推测can could
may might
shall should
must
will would
ought tohave to
dare (daren’t)
need (needn’t)
used to表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测
可能的推测
否定的推测
疑问的推测must 对将来 对现在 对过去情态动词may, might can’t,
couldn’tcan, could + V. + V. + have done
常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done
+ be doing
可以用not表示“可能不”
+V. + V. + have done
+ be doing+ V. + V. + have done
+ be doing在不表示推测的情态动词中, 我们要注意以下考点:1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。
2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法。
3. shall 和 will 的多种意义的区别。
4. 情态动词短语的使用。
5. 虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。Good-bye!课件8张PPT。Grammar(可能是Kate。)(绝对不是Marry。)(可能不是Tommy。)Mum: Who is it?
Jim: (一定是Tom。)It must be Tom.It may be Kate.It can’t be MarryIt couldn’t be Tommy.Modal Verbs (3)mustcan / couldmay / mightWhen you are very sure of something, you use must in positive sentence and cannot or can’t in negative sentences.When you are quite sure about something, you use can.When you think that something is possible, but you are not very sure, you use could, may or might.2. It must have rained last night, _________?It must be nice to take a walk here, __________?must的用法must表示推测时，其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化。如： isn’t it didn’t itWe must have been met somewhere before.You must have seen her yesterday, didn’t you?2. Must have done 意为“一定做过”，表示对过去发生的事情进行肯定推测。如：1. 我们以前一定在哪里见过面。2. 你昨天一定看到她了，对不？can / could 的用法can / could表示的可能性比must小，can表现在和将来，could既可表过去，也可表现在或将来，但它的可能性给can的小。
can / could可与not连用，表示否定推测，也可用于疑问句中.
Can / could表推测时，其反间疑句也是根据动词的实际时态国以变化。如：你不可能当真的，对不地？
You can’t be serious, are you?4. can / could have done，意为“本来能够”，用于否定句时，意为“过去（不）可能”，而实际上都未发生。
如： 你本来可以来早点的。You could have come earlier.may/might的用法may / might的可能性最小，往往表示原因说话人对某事没把握
May / might可与not连用，表示否定推测，但may用于疑问句时中能表示请求允许。The teacher may not e serious.May I leave now?3. May / might have done, 表示对过去可能发生某事的推测。
如： 你在做这件事时也许注意到了什么。You may have noticed something while you were doing this.
I am not sure whether he will come or not. He must come tonight.
He mustn’t be an American because he can’t speak English at all.
I tried to call him at the office, but there is no reply. He can be at home.
--- Is John coming by train?
--- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. (NMET 2002)
a. must b. can c. need d. may
5. A left luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station
a. should b. can c. must d. will6. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ____ have taken it?
a. should b. must c. could d. would
7. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ______ lecture.
a. Couldn’t have attended
b. needn’t have attended
c. mustn’t have attended
d. shouldn’t have attended
8. ---- Could I borrow your dictionary?
---- Yes, of course you ____. (NMET1992)
a. might b. will c. can d. should 课件11张PPT。Subjunctive MoodI. 虚拟语气在条件主从复合句中
1. I ______________ (come)too if I had time to spare.
2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ________________ (come), she would have met my brother.
3. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there______________________ (be)more deaths.should comehad comewould have been 4.If it ___________________________(rain) tomorrow,we ________________(not go out).
5.______(be) I in good health, I __________
(go) with you tomorrow.
eg. Had you told me earlier, I could have done something.
Should anyone call, tell him to call in the afternoon.rained/should rain/were to rainshould not go outWerewould goII.在宾语从句中He is not a pilot, but he wishes he______ (be).
I wish I ___________(meet)him yesterday.
I wish it __________(be) fine tomorrow.
He ordered the work _________________
(start) at once.
5. I’d rather you _________(stay) at home all day today. were had metwould be(should ) be started stayedIII.在主语从句中1. It is strange that he _____________(make)
such a mistake. That’s unexpected.
(necessary,important,impossible,natural,
surprising,a pity etc.)
2. It was required that each student ________
(bring) enough food on the trip.
(ordered,suggested,demanded,desired, etc.) (should) make bringIV.在表语从句或方式状从中1. My demand is that you _______________
(get up)at six.
2. He speaks as if he ________(be) an Englishman.
3. They talked as if they _____________(be)
good friends for years. (should) get up were had beenV.在同位语从句中 Presently he made the suggestion that they
________________(carry on)their
conversation in French.(should) carry onVI.在其他句型中Even if he _______(be) here, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Without air, there __________(be) no living things.
But for your help, I __________________
(not, do) it.
If only I ____________(take) his advice,
but I didn’t. werewould becouldn’t have done had taken5. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _________________(come) to the meeting.
6. Look at the clock! It’s(high) time we _______________(go) home.would have come went/should goVII.复杂句型或惯用结构中1.If she hadn’t trained so hard, she _________
(not,be) able to run so fast today.
2.They ____________(want) to help but
couldn’t get here in time.
3.I _______________(be going to)travel by
train but then we decided to go by air.
wouldn’t behad wanted was going to4.英译汉：
1）I intend to have written a letter of thanks to him, but I didn’t know his address.
2) The plane was to have taken off at eight this morning,but a heavy rain poured down.我本打算写封信给他，但不知道他的地址。飞机本要今早八点起飞，但下起了一场倾盆大雨。3)I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.(97’NMET)
4)She’d rather have stayed at home than went to see the dull film.昨晚我本想去参加聚会来的，可我得额外加几个小时的班赶完一篇报告。她真该呆在家里而不去看那部乏味的电影的。课件14张PPT。情 态 动 词
要点精析松岗中学 孙成军情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的“辅助性”动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语。
一、表示许可 may, might, can, could
在口语中可用can，could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。 May/Can/Could/Might I have a talk with you? 我可以和你谈谈吗？ －Could I use your dictionary? 我可以用一下你的字典吗？ －Yes, go ahead.可以，用吧。????
(或Yes, you can.但不能说Yes, you could.)
☆ May I ...? 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答： 肯定回答 否定回答
Certainly. No, you mustn't.(具有强烈禁止的意思)
Yes, please. No, you can't.(最常见)
Yes, of course. Please don't./You'd better not.
Sure. I don't think you can.
Go ahead, please. I'm sorry it's not allowed.二、表请求 may, might, will, would
－May/Might I come into the room to see my mother? 我可以进房间看我母亲吗？ －No, you mustn't. She needs to have a good rest. 不，你不能进。她需要好好休息。
will和would可用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求和建议等。would比will委婉客气。 Will you share your happiness with us? 你可以把你的欢乐与我们共享吗？ ☆ Will/Would you ...? 表示请求和建议的答复： 肯定回答 否定回答
Yes, please. 是的，请。 I'm sorry. I can't. 对不起，不行。
Certainly. 当然可以。 No, thank you. 不，谢谢。
Sure. 当然了。 No, I won't. 不，不行。
All right. 好啊！三、表能力 can, could
表示能力，可译为“能，会”。 The cinema can seat 1,000 people. 这电影院能容纳1000人。 I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old. 我七岁时连如此简单的书也看不懂。 ☆ can与be able to的区别 ①can表示“能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able to。 【误】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape. 【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape. ②be able to比can有更多形式。 When he grows up, he will be able to support his family. ③could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。
When we went into the house, we could smell something burning. ④在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。 【误】Look! I'm able to swim. 【正】Look! I can swim. 四、表示习惯 will, would, used to
will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示现在的习惯动作，would表示过去的习惯动作。used to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。
He will surf the Internet every night.
He would be nervous when he met strangers.
He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. He is not what he used to be. ☆ would和used to的用法比较。 ①used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的情况，与现在无关。 ②used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
③used to可泛指过去的习惯性动作或状态，而would表示过去的习惯性动作时，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。
【误】We would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 【正】We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. 【正】Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 五、表示意愿 will, would, shall
☆ will和would可表示意志、愿望和决心，用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you. None is so blind as those who won‘t see. They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
☆ shall表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。 You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。???? (命令) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。???? (决心) He shall have the book when I finish reading. 我看完这本书就给他看。???? (允诺)
You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing. 如果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。???? (警告) 六、表义务 must, have to, should, ought to
1.must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。 Everyone must obey the rule. Teachers must be patient enough with their students.
2.have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。
You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.
3.must与have to的比较。
①must含有说话者的强烈决心(表示主观的看法)，have to则表示外力环境或习惯使然(即表示客观的必要，作“不得不”解)。 I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。 (发自内心的决定) I have to study hard.我不得不努力学习。 (外界因素逼迫)
②must只有一种形式，而have to可有多种时态。 They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather. ③must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。 You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone. You don't have to tell me the secret.
(mustn‘t表示“禁止”)
(don't have to意思是"没有必要"= don't need to)4.Should 表示义务，意为"应该"(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。 One shouldn't be selfish. Children should obey their parents.
5.Ought to表示义务，意为“应该”(因责任、义务而该做)，口气比should稍重。
We ought to defend our country. 6.ought to与should的比较。 ought to和should的含义较近，但不完全相同。ought to表示“应该”，是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。Should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。 You are her mother. You ought to look after her. (是道义上的责任，不能和should互换。)
Children should be seen, not heard. 对孩子要观其行，不要听其言。
提 示 表示“义务”时，我们在口语中可以用be supposed to来代替should和ought to。 I'm supposed to be there at 8:00. 我应该八点到那里。七、表猜测 must, may, might, can, could, should, ought to
1. 适用范围和可能性的大小
must表示推测时，它的肯定程度比may，might，could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。
may, might表示推测，一般只用于肯定句。可译为“可能，也许”。(一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小) can和could表示推测，可用于肯定句(can罕见)、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推测的可能性比could大。
should表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。 一般用于肯定句，可指人的直觉或个人看法。
It should be fine tomorrow.
ought to表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。
一般用于肯定句，可指人的直觉或个人看法。
Prices ought to come down soon. 2. 猜测用法中时态的表示
情态动词 + do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词)，表示对现在状态的推测。
Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day. He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry.
情态动词 + be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。
Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on. 情态动词 + have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。
Leslie walked past me without speaking. He can‘t/couldn’t have seen me.
八、部分情态动词的固定搭配
Can和 could 的一些固定搭配
1.Can’t/couldn’t help doing 忍不住；不禁、、、
He can’t help laughing.
2.Can’t/couldn’t but + 动词原形 只好、、、；不得不、、、
I couldn’t but admit that he was right and I was wrong.
我不得不承认他对了，我错了。
3.cannot/couldn’t … too + 副词/形容词;
cannot/couldn’t …+副词/形容词 + enough
无论、、、也不过分； 越、、、越好
You can’t be too careful when crossing the street.
I cannot thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。 may 和might 的某些固定搭配
may well + 动词原形 理应、、、；有足够的理由、、、
We may well say she is a good teacher.
我们大可说她是一位优秀的老师。
2. may/might as well + 动词原形 不妨、、、；还不如、、、
You never listen---- I might as well talk to a brick wall.
你从来不听我的话，我还不如对着一堵墙说话。
3. may…but 或许会、、、但是、、、
She may be beautiful, but she is cool.
她也许算的上美丽，但太冷漠了。
英语口语中dare的几个常用结构：
○I dare say...我想，大概，可能，或许……
I dare say things will improve. 我想情况会好转的。
○How dare you ...? 你怎么敢……？
How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎么敢问我这样的问题？
○I dare you ... 我谅你也不敢……
I dare you to tell your parents! 我谅你也不敢告诉你父母！
九、“情态动词 + have done”是情态动词的一个十分重要的结构，这种结构有两个主要的用法。
☆表示对过去发生动作或状态的推测或估计☆表示对过去发生动作的遗憾或责备
