数词用法[上学期]

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名称 数词用法[上学期]
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科目 英语
更新时间 2006-09-10 12:49:00

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课件29张PPT。数词分基数词和序数词两类。 一、 数词的分类 1. 基数    A.从1——10  one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten
. B.从 11——19  eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.  C.从 21——99 特殊:twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty
21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six
D.百位数 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight
E.千位数以上 从右向左数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。第一个“,”是 thousand,第二个是million,第三个是 billion。
5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four
F.1)基数词表示确切的数字时,不用复数形式. 2)表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,则以复数形式出现。There are hundreds of people in the hall. Thousands and thousands of kids come here. They went to the theatre in twos and threes.
G.人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式。 He became a professor in his thirties. She died of lung cancer in forties. It was in the 1960s.
H.基数词的句法功能 可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。 The two happily opened the box.(作主语) They three tried to finish the task (作同位语)
2. 序数词 表示顺序的词称为序数词。
A.第一至第十九
特殊: first, second, third, fifth,eighth,ninth, twelfth
其他: 添加“th”。如 sixth、nineteenth.B.从第二十至第九十九 变y为i,再加“eth”构成。 twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth
表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。 thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九
C.第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式 one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一 one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十D.序数词的缩写形式 有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。
first—lst second—2nd third—3rd fourth—4th sixth— 6th twentieth—20th twenty-third—23rd 其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。 E.序数词的句法功能 序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。 The second is what I really need.(作主语) He choose the second.(作宾语) We are to carry out the first plan.(作定语) She is the second in our class.(作表语)注:通常前面要加定冠词 the;但出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再—”,“又—”。 We'll go over it a second time. We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?
另外,基数词也可以表示顺序。 the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five) the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)二、时刻表示法 1. 几点钟 5:00 读作 five o’clock 或 five
2. 几点过几分 five past seven 七点过五分 half past six 六点半 a quarter past eight 八点过一刻 seven past eight 八点过七分
 
3. 几点差几分 ten to eight 差十分八点 a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点 twenty to six 差二十分六点
也可以小时、分钟为单位分别读出数字。6:31 读作 six thirty-one
10:26 读作 ten twenty-six 14:03 读作 fourteen o three 16:15 读作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 读作 eighteen thirty 23:55 读作 twenty-three fifty-five
another, other, more修饰数词的用法
1. another
A)another表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数 B)表“另外的、额外的、附加的”之意时,可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词
1.—Have you finished your report yet?
—No,I will finish it in 10 minutes.
A.another B.Other C.more D.less 2.The strike may last another three days.罢工可能还要持续三天。
3.There is room for another few people in the back of the bus.公共汽车后面还能坐下几个人。
4.I‘ll be here for another few weeks.我在这儿还要呆几个礼拜。 2. other
A)表“另外的”接复数名词,则置于数词之后 B)但与定冠词the连用时,other要放在数词前。
1.Tony is going camping with ____boys next Sunday.
A.little two other B.two little other
C.two other little D.little other two 2He asked me to fetch three other recorders. 再拿三台录音机来。
3.Do you know where he found the other two photos?另外两张照片 3. more
1.more
(1)She has got five more electric fans.她还有五台电扇。
(2)One more step(One step more),and I'll shoot you.再走一步,我就开枪打死你。
(3)Where shall we be in ten more years?再过十年,我们会在什么地方呢? 2.more还可与a little,a few,a lot,several等词连用,而且名词也可是不可数名词。如:
(1)I'd like to buy a few more copies of English Weekly.我想再买几份《英语周报》。
(2)There are many more dictionaries on the desk.课桌上有许多词典。
(3)Would you like some more tea?再喝点茶好吗?
4. 名词省略
如果前后意思清楚,another或more后面的名词可以省去。如:
1.I climbed the stairs slowly,carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.注:时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。
三、年月表示法 1. 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加's表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世纪 the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪 the 1900's 二十世纪 the 1600's 十七世纪 2. 年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成in the 1930‘s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties) 在二十世纪三十年代 in the 1860’s(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)
在十九世纪六十年代 3. 表示早,中,晚期,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920‘s in the mid-1950’s
4. 年月日表示法 A.年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 eighteen hundred 253 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two
使用year时放在数词之前。 in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。
B. 月份 :in May in July。除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示,但September除外。
January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月March——Mar. 三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月September——Sept.九月October——Oct.十月November—Nov.十一月December——Dec.十二月 注:点不能省略。
C.日期:the加序数词表示 National Day is on Oct. 1.(读作 October first)也可以National Day is on the 1st of October.5. morning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in。但是,当这些词前后有定语,in应改为on。
On a cold morning,the old man died lonely
I don‘t want to be disturbed on nights

It happened on the afternoon of July 7.四、加减乘除表示法 1. “加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等词表示。 2+3=? How much is two plus three? 2+3=5 Two plus three is five. Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five. Two added to three equals five. If we add two to/and three, we get five.
2. “减”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four. Take six from ten and the remainder is four. Six (taken) from ten is four.3. “乘”用time(动词)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve. Multiply three by four,we get twelve. Three multiplied by four makes twelve. 4. “除”用divide的过去分词形式表示 16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4 Sixteen divided by four is four. Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.
五、分数表示法 1. 基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”,其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third
24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter
2. 当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。 1 1/2 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours) 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three-fourths meters) 4/5 meter 五分之四米 六 、小数表示法 1. 小数点左首的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右首的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作 point,o读作 zero或o[ou],整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。 0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三 25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七 l.03 one point o three 一点零三2. 当数字值大/小于1时,小数后面的名词用复/单数 1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨 l.5 tons 一点五吨
七、百分数表示法 百分数用基数+percent表示 50% fifty percent   百分之五十 3% three percent   百分之三 0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零点
percent不用复数形式。八、数量表示法
1. A)基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容词(long,wide,high等),B)基数词+单位词 + in + 名词(length, width, height, weight等
three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高
four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽
This box is 2 kilograms in weight. The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.2. 表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。 five minutes‘ walk an hour’s ride three kilometers‘ distance 3. 表示温度时,用below zero表示零下.基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)表示。 thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 摄氏 36度 four degrees below zero centigrade或 -4℃ 摄氏零下4度 Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.4. 名词性短语作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。 a five-minute walk a sixteen-year-old girl. 5. 表示“比···大(或)几倍”的说法。 This room is two times bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍。 The dictionary is four times thicker than that book. 这本词典比那本书厚四倍。 My age is two times older than his.选择填空。 1.March is ____month of a year. A. a three B. the third C. a third 2.We will have a meeting at 8:05____. A.five to eight B.eight five C.eight o five 3.Eight plus eight is____. A.sixteen B.sixty-four C.one 4.He is an ____boy. A.eight years B.eight-year-old C.eight-years-old 5.We will have a___ walk. A.ten minutes B.ten minutes' C.ten-minutesB. the thirdC.eight o fiveA.sixteenB.eight-year-oldB.ten minutes'6.The wall is____. A.four meters long B.four meter long C.four-meter long
7.What's the date today? It's___. A.March the eight B.March eighth C.eight,March 8.It happened in the 1040's. A. in the forties of the eleventh century. B. in the forties of the tenth century. C. in the forty
9.About_____________ of the earth's surface is covered with water. A. three-fours B. three-fourth C. three-fourthsA.four meters longB.March eighthA. in the forties of the eleventh century.C. three-fourths10. He went down to the village which was ___miles away from the city. A. three hundreds B. three hundred C. three hundreds ofB. three hundred