数词的用法[上学期]
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语法专题四 数词
[考点解析]
一. 数词包括基数词, 序数词, 分数词和倍数词.
1. 基数词
表示数目的词是基数词, 最基本的数词如下:
1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety, 100 a hundred, 1000 a thousand, 1000000 a million, 1000000000 a billion
基数词1~2是独立单词, 需逐个记忆. 基数词13~19是个位数词的词干后加-teen构成. 其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的变化不规则.
基数词20~90(整十的) 是在十位数词后面加-ty构成。基数词21~99是在十位数词后面加上个位数词合成, 中间加上连字符 “-“. 如:21 twenty-one, 95 ninety-five
三位以上的基数词, 在百位和十位之间, 一般要用连词and.. 如132 one hundred and thirty-two, 1340 one thousand three hundred and forty
表示 “万”的词英语中没有. 如1万可用10千来表示, 即ten thousand. 30万可用three hundred thousand来表示.
2. 序数词
表示数目顺序的词是序数词.
序数词1~19除第一,第二, 第三, 第五, 第八, 第九, 第十二变化不规则外, 其余均在基数词后加上-th..
十位整数的序数词的构成方法是, 将十位整数基数词的词尾-y变成i再加-eth.
几十几的序数词, 只是把个位变成序数词, 十位数不变.
3. 分数词
分数由基数词和序数词合成, 分子用基数词, 分母用序数词, 分子大于1时, 分母的序数词要用复数形式. 1/3 one-third; 3/7 three-sevenths
4. 倍数词
倍数词表示倍数关系, 如double(两倍), half(一半), three times(三倍)等.
二.数词的用法
1. 作主语
Thirty of them are Party members.
他们之中的30人是党员.
2. 作宾语
Please pass me the second.
请递给我第二个.
3. 作定语
The nine boys are from Tianjin.
这九个男孩子是天津人.
The ninth boy is from Tianjin.
第九个男孩子是天津人.
4. 作表语
Six plus four is ten.
六加四等于十
5. 作同位语(只限基数词)
We four will go with you.
我们四个人将和你一起去.
6. 作状语
When did you first meet him
你什么时候和他第一次见面
数词的句法功能
成分 例 句
主语 Four-ninths of the students in our class are boys.我们班九分之四的同学是男同学
宾语 I don’t like the third. 我不喜欢第三个
定语 Sunday is the first day of a week. 星期天是一周的第一天
表语 My classmate is eighteen. 我的同学十八岁
同位语 They two will go to the cinema tonight. 他们两个今天晚上要去看电影
状语 He came out second in the contest. 他在比赛中得了第二名
[高考示例]
【例1】2005安徽高考
John is the tallest boy in the class, ______according to himself.
A. five foot eight as tall as
B. as tall as five foot eight
C. as five foot eight tall as
D. as tall five foot eight as
提示:as tall as意为 “高达”, 后面接表示具体高度的词.
答案: B
【例2】2005湖北高考
What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is ______it is long.
A. half not as wide as
B. wide not as half as
C. not half as wide as
D. as wide as not half
提示:形容词同级比较结构中,倍数及否定词都应放在 “as…as”之前, 而且否定词应该放在倍数的前面.
答案:C
【例3】2004全国高考III
It is reported that the United States uses ______energy as the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much
B. twice much as D. twice as much
提示:同级比较 “as…as”前加倍数时, 倍数一般放在第一个as之前.
答案: D
【例4】
______people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.
A. Several million B. Many millions
C. Several millions D. Many million
提示:million前有具体数字或several等词时, 要用单数形式. many一般不与million等词连用, 表示”数百万”用millions of.
答案:A.
【例5】
_____of the land in that district ______covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
提示:五分之二是two fifths,句子的主语是不可数名词land, 谓语动词要用单数形式.
答案:C
注意:
例1~3事实上都是结合数词考查同级比较结构as…as的用法.英语中表示比较的形式常见的有如下几种: 倍数或分数+形容词比较级+than；倍数或分数+as+adj. +as; 倍数或分数+the+名词+of; 表示同级比较用as…as,否定用not as/so…as; the same+名词+as; the+比较级+of the(两者), 表示两者中比较……的一个;less+adj. +than…比……更不(=not as+adj. +as); the+比较级+…, the+比较级+…越……就越…
dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million billion前的数目确定或是被several修饰时, 不论后面有无of均不加-s.
分数的分子用基数词, 分母用序数词表示. 如果分子大与1, 序数词后加-s
[触类旁通]
1. With to many trees cut down, ______of the farmland in that district ______become desert in the past 50 years
A. two seventh; has B. two seventh; have
C. two sevenths; has D. two sevenths; have
2. According to the new investigation, unemployment was at about 6.2%, half that in France, ______in Germany.
A. a third fewer than B. less third than
C. third fewer than D. a third less than
3. It is not rare in ______that people in ______fifties were going to university for further education.
A. 90s; the B. the 90s;/ C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
4. The building ______belongs to our company and it is the second tallest building in our city so far.
A. 150-meter-high B. 150-metress high
C. 150 meter high D. 150 meter high
5. Shortly after the accident, two ______soldiers were sent ______the spot to keep order.
A. dozen; to B. dozens; up C. dozens of; for D. dozen; out
6. Can you imagine that _______students in our school are using cell phones every day
A. several hundred B. many hundreds
C. several hundreds D. many hundred
7. After the new equipment was introduced, our factory turned out ______in 2004 as the year before.
A. as three times many cars B. three times as many cars
C. as many cars as three times D. three times more cars than
8. They have been in the reading room since ______.
A. a long time B. in had been open C. eight o’clock D two hours
9. I’ll never give up not even on ______try.
A. the 1000 or 10 000 B. the 1000 and 10 000
C. the 1000th or 10 000th D. the 1000th and 10 000th
10. Do you know when ______broken out
A. Second World War B. the Second World War
C. Would War Second D. the World War Two
答案: 1. C 2. D 3. D 4 .D 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B
[考点解析]
一. 数词包括基数词, 序数词, 分数词和倍数词.
1. 基数词
表示数目的词是基数词, 最基本的数词如下:
1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety, 100 a hundred, 1000 a thousand, 1000000 a million, 1000000000 a billion
基数词1~2是独立单词, 需逐个记忆. 基数词13~19是个位数词的词干后加-teen构成. 其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的变化不规则.
基数词20~90(整十的) 是在十位数词后面加-ty构成。基数词21~99是在十位数词后面加上个位数词合成, 中间加上连字符 “-“. 如:21 twenty-one, 95 ninety-five
三位以上的基数词, 在百位和十位之间, 一般要用连词and.. 如132 one hundred and thirty-two, 1340 one thousand three hundred and forty
表示 “万”的词英语中没有. 如1万可用10千来表示, 即ten thousand. 30万可用three hundred thousand来表示.
2. 序数词
表示数目顺序的词是序数词.
序数词1~19除第一,第二, 第三, 第五, 第八, 第九, 第十二变化不规则外, 其余均在基数词后加上-th..
十位整数的序数词的构成方法是, 将十位整数基数词的词尾-y变成i再加-eth.
几十几的序数词, 只是把个位变成序数词, 十位数不变.
3. 分数词
分数由基数词和序数词合成, 分子用基数词, 分母用序数词, 分子大于1时, 分母的序数词要用复数形式. 1/3 one-third; 3/7 three-sevenths
4. 倍数词
倍数词表示倍数关系, 如double(两倍), half(一半), three times(三倍)等.
二.数词的用法
1. 作主语
Thirty of them are Party members.
他们之中的30人是党员.
2. 作宾语
Please pass me the second.
请递给我第二个.
3. 作定语
The nine boys are from Tianjin.
这九个男孩子是天津人.
The ninth boy is from Tianjin.
第九个男孩子是天津人.
4. 作表语
Six plus four is ten.
六加四等于十
5. 作同位语(只限基数词)
We four will go with you.
我们四个人将和你一起去.
6. 作状语
When did you first meet him
你什么时候和他第一次见面
数词的句法功能
成分 例 句
主语 Four-ninths of the students in our class are boys.我们班九分之四的同学是男同学
宾语 I don’t like the third. 我不喜欢第三个
定语 Sunday is the first day of a week. 星期天是一周的第一天
表语 My classmate is eighteen. 我的同学十八岁
同位语 They two will go to the cinema tonight. 他们两个今天晚上要去看电影
状语 He came out second in the contest. 他在比赛中得了第二名
[高考示例]
【例1】2005安徽高考
John is the tallest boy in the class, ______according to himself.
A. five foot eight as tall as
B. as tall as five foot eight
C. as five foot eight tall as
D. as tall five foot eight as
提示:as tall as意为 “高达”, 后面接表示具体高度的词.
答案: B
【例2】2005湖北高考
What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is ______it is long.
A. half not as wide as
B. wide not as half as
C. not half as wide as
D. as wide as not half
提示:形容词同级比较结构中,倍数及否定词都应放在 “as…as”之前, 而且否定词应该放在倍数的前面.
答案:C
【例3】2004全国高考III
It is reported that the United States uses ______energy as the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much
B. twice much as D. twice as much
提示:同级比较 “as…as”前加倍数时, 倍数一般放在第一个as之前.
答案: D
【例4】
______people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.
A. Several million B. Many millions
C. Several millions D. Many million
提示:million前有具体数字或several等词时, 要用单数形式. many一般不与million等词连用, 表示”数百万”用millions of.
答案:A.
【例5】
_____of the land in that district ______covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
提示:五分之二是two fifths,句子的主语是不可数名词land, 谓语动词要用单数形式.
答案:C
注意:
例1~3事实上都是结合数词考查同级比较结构as…as的用法.英语中表示比较的形式常见的有如下几种: 倍数或分数+形容词比较级+than；倍数或分数+as+adj. +as; 倍数或分数+the+名词+of; 表示同级比较用as…as,否定用not as/so…as; the same+名词+as; the+比较级+of the(两者), 表示两者中比较……的一个;less+adj. +than…比……更不(=not as+adj. +as); the+比较级+…, the+比较级+…越……就越…
dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million billion前的数目确定或是被several修饰时, 不论后面有无of均不加-s.
分数的分子用基数词, 分母用序数词表示. 如果分子大与1, 序数词后加-s
[触类旁通]
1. With to many trees cut down, ______of the farmland in that district ______become desert in the past 50 years
A. two seventh; has B. two seventh; have
C. two sevenths; has D. two sevenths; have
2. According to the new investigation, unemployment was at about 6.2%, half that in France, ______in Germany.
A. a third fewer than B. less third than
C. third fewer than D. a third less than
3. It is not rare in ______that people in ______fifties were going to university for further education.
A. 90s; the B. the 90s;/ C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
4. The building ______belongs to our company and it is the second tallest building in our city so far.
A. 150-meter-high B. 150-metress high
C. 150 meter high D. 150 meter high
5. Shortly after the accident, two ______soldiers were sent ______the spot to keep order.
A. dozen; to B. dozens; up C. dozens of; for D. dozen; out
6. Can you imagine that _______students in our school are using cell phones every day
A. several hundred B. many hundreds
C. several hundreds D. many hundred
7. After the new equipment was introduced, our factory turned out ______in 2004 as the year before.
A. as three times many cars B. three times as many cars
C. as many cars as three times D. three times more cars than
8. They have been in the reading room since ______.
A. a long time B. in had been open C. eight o’clock D two hours
9. I’ll never give up not even on ______try.
A. the 1000 or 10 000 B. the 1000 and 10 000
C. the 1000th or 10 000th D. the 1000th and 10 000th
10. Do you know when ______broken out
A. Second World War B. the Second World War
C. Would War Second D. the World War Two
答案: 1. C 2. D 3. D 4 .D 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B