( 专题九 ) 不定代词
不定代词是指非特定对象的代词。
一.应注意以下几个问题:
1. 不定代词的分类:(1)肯定意义的不定代词 both , all ,every , each , other , another , many , much , a few , a little , some , one , any , somebody , someone , everything ,nothing .(2)否定意义的不定代词 no , neither , none , nobody , nothing , few , little (3)指两者的不定代词 both , either , neither , the other , each (两者中的每一个)。(4)指三者以上的不定代词 all , every , each(既可指多者中每一个又可指两者中每一个) , many , a few , some , any , (5)只能作定语用的不定代词 no , every (6)表示可数意义的不定代词,如: many, few, other, another(指另一个) each, some , any , none, every, one ;表示不可数意义的不定代词,如:much, little, some, any,(7)能与not 连用的不定代词 every , both, all ,every 构成的复合词(如:everything , everyone )
2. 几组不定代词的区别:
(1) each 和every : each 与 of 连用,every 不能与of 连用;each 强调个体;every 强调整体;
(2)other 和others: other 能放在名词前做定语 ,others不能做定语;other 能与the 连用,表示两者中的另一个,做句子的主语或宾语,others可以单独使用,做主语或宾语,也可跟the 连用,表示一定范围中的其他人(物)。
(3)other 和another :other 表示两者(部分)中的另一个(部分);another 表示多者中还有一个。
(4) no 和none: no 放在名词前做定语,none 不能放在名词前;no 不与of 连用,none 与of 连用,构成none of 短语,后跟可数名词。
(5) one 和 人称代词 it 的区别 :one 为不定代词,指代泛泛; it 为人称代词, 指代具体。
(6)little 和a little :little “没有一点”具有肯定含义,a little “一点儿”,具有肯定含义。
(7) no one 和none :no one 表示没有一个人,none 表示没有人或物。
(8) some 和any: 两个词都可修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some 用于肯定句,any用于疑问句或否定句;some 有时用于疑问句,表示“命令”、“请求”或“邀请”
3. 不定代词的全部否定和部分否定
全部否定的不定代词:none neither nothing
部分否定的不定代词:not all not both not everything
( all….not) (both…not) everything…not
4. 不定代词做主语时谓语动词数的概念
不定代词做主语时谓语动词应当用单数。例如:Nothing is done to the pollution in this aera.
Nobody has been sent to the front up to now .
二.不定代词考点练习
I.单项选择
1. Few pleasures can equal_____ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
2. We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because ______ of us had _____ money on us.
A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any
3. ---- When shall we meet again
----Make it _____ day you like, it’s all the same to me.
A. one B. any C. another D. some
4. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have_____ .
A. it B. those C. them D. one
5. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already
taken them.
A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
6. Although he is wealthy, he spends _____ on clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
7.---- Is _____ here
-----No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
8. ----- Can you come on Monday or Tuesday
----- I’m afraid _____ day is possible.
A. either B. neither C. some D. any
9.------ Have you finished your report yet
--------No, I’ll finish in _____ ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
10. If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay _____ 15.
(NMET2000)
A. another B. other C. more D. each
11. Tony is going camping with _____ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other
C. two other little D. little other two
12. ---- Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end
---- If you keep still, you can sit at end.
A. neither B. each C. either D. any
13. They were all very tired, but _____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
14. These plants are watered ______.
A. each other day B. every other day
C. each of two days D. every of two days
15.---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao
----- It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _____ days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
16. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _____money and _______ people.
A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less
17. --- I feel a bit hungry.
--- Why don’t you have _______ bread
A. any B. some C. little D. a
18. There are a lot of trees on ______ side of the square.
A. every B. both C. all D. either
19. We are interested in ______ work.
A. each other B. one another C. one another’s D. one anothers’
20. You will not see ______ the animals in winter.
A. any B. none of C. neither of D. all
21. I remember having seen it in ______ magazine.
A. any B. some C. other D. every
22. _______ of them has the same view of the problem.
A. Every B. Everyone C. Every one D. All
II. 改错
1. None the students failed in the exam.
2. Either the way is Ok.
3. Neither them realized what was happening.
4. I want another balls.
5. Each of friends gave me a present.
6. Every of them has an English-Chinese dictionary.
7. No one of them is ready.
8. I’ve read no one of these books.
9. I’d like blue one.
10. It’s not her umbrella. It must be somebody’s.
分析:
I. 单项选择
1.C. 此题考查不定代词与指示代词的区别。根据句意,空白处应为 the pleasure。指示代词 that可代替特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词,不定代词不能特指,故选C。
2. C 此题考查不定代词用法。根据主句意思,从句应为完全否定。 A为部分否定,不合题意; any不能和no连用是错项; no one不能和of短语连用,也应排除; none表示完全否定,常和any连用。 故C为正确选项。
3. B 在强调 any (任何) 这一意义时,可以用于肯定句中,故选B。
4. D 此题意为“我希望有足够的杯子以便每个客人都有一只。”选项中one可表此意,即“a glass”。 故D为正确答案。
5. A 此句因有定语从句限定,选项应为“the + 名词” ; ones 可指代复数名词,故A为正确答案。
6. A 根据让步状语从句“虽然他很富有” , 主句应为否定含意。little 具有否定含义,表示抽象概念。故答案为A。
7. C 根据答语,问句应为“是否大家都到了?” , 故答案为C。
8. B 根据 I’m afraid,选项应为表示两者及否定意义的不定代词。 neither 表示 “两者都不”, 故B为正确答案。
9. A another 不仅可与单数可数名词连用,也可与复数名词连用,表示“还”故选A。
10. A 考查点与9相同。 another 表示“另一”,“再一” “to pay another $15” 意思为“再付15美元”,符合题意,故为正确答案。
11. C。 数词应放在表示泛指的 other 前面,故C为正确答案。
12.C.boat 有两头,此题考查不定代词数的概念。Either 表示两者中的任何一个,句义为:只要不动,坐(两头)哪头都可以。
13.C.从all 可以看出,they 指多数,多数当中没有一个,应当用none。
14.B. every other day 意思为:每隔一天。
15.B.此题考查词序问题,最后几天好天 last few sunny days
16. C。little 的比较级是less ,few 的比较级是 fewer 。little 修饰不可数名词;few 修饰可数名词。
17.B. some 用于疑问句表示“请求”、“邀请”。
18.A. 此题考查不定代词数的概念,square 四边都有数,side 为单数形式,所以,用every 。如果side 为复数,则用all 。
19.C.这里需要所有格形式,句义为:对彼此的工作感兴趣。
20.D.此题考察不定代词的否定问题。题干中有not ,句子表达:冬天不可能看到所有的动物(看到一些)。not…. all 表示“不是所有的…… “
21.B. some 表示“某一个”。
22.C. 由has得知,不选all ;every ,everyone 不与of 连用。只有every one 与 of 连用。
II.改错
1. None 改为None of 。 none 无形容词用法,后面须加of,再接名词。
2.Either the way 改为 Either way 。 either 不能与其它限定词连用。
3.Neither them 改为 Neither of them 。 neither 须跟of,再接代词。
4.another balls 改为 another ball。 another后面只接单数名词。如接复数名词,名词前须用数词, 如:another two chairs。
5.Each of friends 改为 Each of my friends。 each of 后面的名词应有限定词。
6.Every of them 改为 Each of them 。 every 只能作定语,不能与of 连用。
7. ( E:\王丹\文件夹\" \l "h7 )No one of them 改为 No one 。 no one 后面不能接of 短语。
8.No one of these books 改为 none of these books。 no one 仅指人后面也不能接of 短语。
9.blue one 改为 a (或 the) blue one。 one 前面如有形容词修饰,必须用冠词。泛指用不定冠词,特指用定冠词。
10.somebody’s 改为 somebody else’s 表示“其他人的”的意思,需用else 的所有格形式,放在不定代词之后。