主谓一致[上学期]
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语法专题五 主谓一致
[考点解析]
1. 由and连接两个名词或代词作主语时，一般情况下谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果and所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. (指不同的人)
李明和张华是好学生。
Both the teachers and the students are here. (指不同的人)
老师和学生都在这里。
The writer and poet lives in the village. (指同一个人)
这位作家兼诗人主在这个村子里。
Husband and wife forms a family.
夫妻组成家庭。
Note: 1).由 every, each, many a, no ...等词修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Each man and each woman is invited. 每个男人和女人都邀请了。
No boy and girl is there now. 现在那里没有一个男孩和女孩。
Many a boy and many a girl has been invited. 很多男孩和女孩都被邀请了。
In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
在中国每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。
2).当两个主语为不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
A watch and chain was found on the desk. 桌子上发现了表。
Bread and butter is nutritious. 奶油面包有营养。
2. 由or, not only... but also..., either...or, neither...nor...连接主语时,谓语与靠近的主语一致，即就近一致的原则。例如：
Either you or I am mad. 要么是你要么是我疯了。
Neither you nor he is right. 你和它都不对。
Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me.
不仅老师，而且他的家人都对我很友好。
3. 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等词时,谓语动词根据前面的主语变化。例如：
All but one were here just now.
除了一个，刚才其他所有的（人）都在这里。
A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation.
有着五千本书的一个图书馆提供给了国家。
She as well as the other teachers is going to another park.
她和其他老师都要去另一个公园。
A farmer together with some workers is about to help us.
一个农民和几个工人即将来帮助我们。
4. 某些词结尾字母为s, 但并不是复数形式,如: physics, maths, economics (经济学), politics, news, means, works(工厂), 作主语时用单数形式。例如：
Physics is very important. 物理是很重要的。
Every means has been tried. 每一种方法都已经试过了。
This works was built in 1982. 这家工厂是1982年建的。
5. 表示双部分工具的名称,衣服名称等作主语时, 谓语用复数形式, 如: trousers, shoes, glasses, goods, clothes. 如果这些词由 pair, piece, kind + of 修饰,则用单数形式.例如：
My trousers are white and his clothes are black.
我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。
A pair of shoes is lying here.
一双鞋放在那里。
These kinds of glasses are popular. (kinds为复数时，谓语动词用复数)
这几种玻璃很流行。
6. 动名词, 不定式, 从句作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数。例如：
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Reading is a good way to become educated. 读书是变得有教养的一种好方法。
When he will come is not known. 他会什么时候来还不知道。
7. 集体名词, 如: people, police, cattle, youth 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
The police like to help people.警察乐于助人。
The youth of our country are happier than the other people.
我们国家的年轻人比别的国家的更幸福。
8. 集体名词, 如: family, crowd, class等, 如把它们当作整体看,谓语动词用单数; 如把它们当作若干个体来看,用复数。例如：
Our family is very happy. 我们的家庭很幸福。
My family are all football fans. 我的家人都是足球迷。
9. 表示距离, 时间, 长度,价值, 金额, 重量等的词,用复数形式时,谓语动词用单数；如果要表示具体的多少，强调复数的意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Two thousands dollars is a large sum. 两千美圆是一大笔钱。
Two hours is enough. 两个小时就足够了。
The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours.
获胜者三个小时就走完了这五十英里。
10. more than one+名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数; more than two, three ...+名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
More than one boy has been there. 不止一个孩子去过那里。
More than two boys have been there. 不止两个孩子去过那里。
11. 英语中，“the + 形容词”可以相当于名词使用。这个结构指人时谓语动词用复数, 指物时谓语动词用单数。例如：
The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it. (同意...反对)
有钱人支持这个决定但是穷人反对它。
The green is hers. 这件绿色的东西是她的。
12. 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应该与句中先行词的数一致。例如：
I, who am only a common worker, will retire in two years.
只是个普通工人的我两年后就要退休了。
[高考示例]
[考例1] Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
[答案] A
[解析] 根据第二个句子的时态可以判断出第一句应该用一般现在时。
[拓展] 考查人称、时态等用法是考试中出现的最多的题目，因此，根据上下文来判断人称、时态就显得非常重要。再如：
When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there . He __________ her before.
A. never saw B. had never seen C. never seen D. has never seen
此题的答案为B。选择过去完成时就是因为第一句的动作是过去的，而空格的动作在第一句的动作之前发生。所以要尤其注意上下文的提示。
[考例2] The population of China ________ over 1.4 billion and eight percent of the population _________ peasants.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
[答案] A
[解析] population作主语时，指整体人口谓语动词用单数形式，如果其前面有分数或者百分数词，谓语动词用复数。
[触类旁通]
1. Those who ______ in ______ compositions, please hand them in this afternoon.
A. hasn’t handed; his B. haven’t handed; their
C. has handed D. have handed; his
2. Jane is one of the best students in her class who ______ by their teacher.
A. are praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising
3. I, who ______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
4. On the wall ______ two large portraits.
A. hang B. hangs C. hanged D. hanging
5. John has two brothers, but either ______ out of work now.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
6. The police ______ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching
7. About 40 ______ of the population of that country ______ on farms.
A. percent; lives B. percent; live C. percents; live D. percents; lives
8. The Olympic Games ______ held every ______ years.
A. is; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five
9. ______ a good enough price for this book.
A.Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuan is D. Two yuan is
10. Every means ______ prevent the water from ______.
A. are used to; polluting B. get used to; pollution
C. is used to; polluted D. is used to; being polluted
答案: 1-5 BABAB 6-10 BBADD
[考点解析]
1. 由and连接两个名词或代词作主语时，一般情况下谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果and所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. (指不同的人)
李明和张华是好学生。
Both the teachers and the students are here. (指不同的人)
老师和学生都在这里。
The writer and poet lives in the village. (指同一个人)
这位作家兼诗人主在这个村子里。
Husband and wife forms a family.
夫妻组成家庭。
Note: 1).由 every, each, many a, no ...等词修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Each man and each woman is invited. 每个男人和女人都邀请了。
No boy and girl is there now. 现在那里没有一个男孩和女孩。
Many a boy and many a girl has been invited. 很多男孩和女孩都被邀请了。
In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
在中国每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。
2).当两个主语为不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
A watch and chain was found on the desk. 桌子上发现了表。
Bread and butter is nutritious. 奶油面包有营养。
2. 由or, not only... but also..., either...or, neither...nor...连接主语时,谓语与靠近的主语一致，即就近一致的原则。例如：
Either you or I am mad. 要么是你要么是我疯了。
Neither you nor he is right. 你和它都不对。
Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me.
不仅老师，而且他的家人都对我很友好。
3. 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等词时,谓语动词根据前面的主语变化。例如：
All but one were here just now.
除了一个，刚才其他所有的（人）都在这里。
A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation.
有着五千本书的一个图书馆提供给了国家。
She as well as the other teachers is going to another park.
她和其他老师都要去另一个公园。
A farmer together with some workers is about to help us.
一个农民和几个工人即将来帮助我们。
4. 某些词结尾字母为s, 但并不是复数形式,如: physics, maths, economics (经济学), politics, news, means, works(工厂), 作主语时用单数形式。例如：
Physics is very important. 物理是很重要的。
Every means has been tried. 每一种方法都已经试过了。
This works was built in 1982. 这家工厂是1982年建的。
5. 表示双部分工具的名称,衣服名称等作主语时, 谓语用复数形式, 如: trousers, shoes, glasses, goods, clothes. 如果这些词由 pair, piece, kind + of 修饰,则用单数形式.例如：
My trousers are white and his clothes are black.
我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。
A pair of shoes is lying here.
一双鞋放在那里。
These kinds of glasses are popular. (kinds为复数时，谓语动词用复数)
这几种玻璃很流行。
6. 动名词, 不定式, 从句作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数。例如：
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Reading is a good way to become educated. 读书是变得有教养的一种好方法。
When he will come is not known. 他会什么时候来还不知道。
7. 集体名词, 如: people, police, cattle, youth 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
The police like to help people.警察乐于助人。
The youth of our country are happier than the other people.
我们国家的年轻人比别的国家的更幸福。
8. 集体名词, 如: family, crowd, class等, 如把它们当作整体看,谓语动词用单数; 如把它们当作若干个体来看,用复数。例如：
Our family is very happy. 我们的家庭很幸福。
My family are all football fans. 我的家人都是足球迷。
9. 表示距离, 时间, 长度,价值, 金额, 重量等的词,用复数形式时,谓语动词用单数；如果要表示具体的多少，强调复数的意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Two thousands dollars is a large sum. 两千美圆是一大笔钱。
Two hours is enough. 两个小时就足够了。
The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours.
获胜者三个小时就走完了这五十英里。
10. more than one+名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数; more than two, three ...+名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
More than one boy has been there. 不止一个孩子去过那里。
More than two boys have been there. 不止两个孩子去过那里。
11. 英语中，“the + 形容词”可以相当于名词使用。这个结构指人时谓语动词用复数, 指物时谓语动词用单数。例如：
The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it. (同意...反对)
有钱人支持这个决定但是穷人反对它。
The green is hers. 这件绿色的东西是她的。
12. 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应该与句中先行词的数一致。例如：
I, who am only a common worker, will retire in two years.
只是个普通工人的我两年后就要退休了。
[高考示例]
[考例1] Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
[答案] A
[解析] 根据第二个句子的时态可以判断出第一句应该用一般现在时。
[拓展] 考查人称、时态等用法是考试中出现的最多的题目，因此，根据上下文来判断人称、时态就显得非常重要。再如：
When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there . He __________ her before.
A. never saw B. had never seen C. never seen D. has never seen
此题的答案为B。选择过去完成时就是因为第一句的动作是过去的，而空格的动作在第一句的动作之前发生。所以要尤其注意上下文的提示。
[考例2] The population of China ________ over 1.4 billion and eight percent of the population _________ peasants.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
[答案] A
[解析] population作主语时，指整体人口谓语动词用单数形式，如果其前面有分数或者百分数词，谓语动词用复数。
[触类旁通]
1. Those who ______ in ______ compositions, please hand them in this afternoon.
A. hasn’t handed; his B. haven’t handed; their
C. has handed D. have handed; his
2. Jane is one of the best students in her class who ______ by their teacher.
A. are praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising
3. I, who ______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
4. On the wall ______ two large portraits.
A. hang B. hangs C. hanged D. hanging
5. John has two brothers, but either ______ out of work now.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
6. The police ______ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching
7. About 40 ______ of the population of that country ______ on farms.
A. percent; lives B. percent; live C. percents; live D. percents; lives
8. The Olympic Games ______ held every ______ years.
A. is; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five
9. ______ a good enough price for this book.
A.Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuan is D. Two yuan is
10. Every means ______ prevent the water from ______.
A. are used to; polluting B. get used to; pollution
C. is used to; polluted D. is used to; being polluted
答案: 1-5 BABAB 6-10 BBADD