主谓一致
英语的主谓一致一般指下列三种形式：语法形式上的一致；意义上的一致；就近性原则. 主谓一致应注意的具体问题:
（1） 名词作主语
1.某些集体名词做主语时,如cattle, police, people, public等,谓语动词用复数. 但 people做“民族”时,有单复数形式(正常的名词). The Chinese people is a brave and hardworking people . 中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。 The police are running after the thief. / Cattle are called cattle when they are raised in the field.
此外，主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数. 形复意单的单词有news, politics, physics, mathematics, woods, works(工厂). 如： The news was very exciting. / Mathematics is a difficult science.
2.某些集体名词做主语时,如: (family, team, class, club, committee, audience , government , group ,party等)作为一个整体看时，谓语动词用单数；如果指成员，动词则用复数如:
Her family always comes first in her mind. / The family all live together.
The football team is playing well. / The football team are having baths and are then coming back for tea.
population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：
The population of China is larger than that of Japan. / One third of the population here are workers.
3.当名词词组的中心词表示度量,时间,长度,价值等名词做主语时,往往看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式.
Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. / Twenty years in prison was the punishment he had to pay.
4.主语为:“this kind/pair/type of +n; a kind/pair/type of +n. ”谓语动词用单数。This pair of trousers is too long for me。 This kind of men is dangerous。 / Men of this kind are dangerous.
5.主语为“many a +单数可数名词”,“more than one +单数可数名词”,尽管意义上为复数,谓语动词用单数形式.(注：more +复数名词+than one 结构之后，谓语多用复数。如：More members than one are against your plan.) There is more than one answer to your question. / Many a man has died for the cause of the revolution.
6.主语是表示“全体、部分、许多、种类”等名词或代词时，如：all，most，half，the rest，the last等，谓语动词单复数要根据上下文的意义来决定。 All is going well.----All goes well.-----All are eager to reach an agreement. Half of the building was destroyed.------Half of the students are boys.
The rest of the lecture is not interesting.-----The rest of the bikes are on sale today.
7.并列主语中 each…and each…; every…and every…; no…and no…,many a … and many a …之后用单数形式的谓语动词. Each boy and each girl was congratulated. / Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.
8.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词要看后面的主语来确定单复数.
Between the two windows hangs a picture. / Here are three examples.
9.当trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes, socks, gloves ,scissors等由两个部分构成的物品做主语时， 谓语一般用复数。但若与 a pair of, a kind of 等连用时，谓语用单数。
His trousers are torn into pieces in the bike accident . / This pair of trousers belongs to my sister .
10.复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：
The United States is in North America. / “The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜谭》）is an interesting book.
(二)由连接词连接的名词作主语
1.由and, both…and,连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数.（注：当并列的主语指同一个人/ 事物/ 概念时，谓语用单数形式。）
Basketball and swimming are usually summer sports. / Plastics and rubber never rot.
The poet and writer is popular with us . / Egg and rice is their favourite food . / Bread and butter is our daily food.
2.当主语的后面跟有with, together with, along with,as well as, like, but, except, besides, including, in addition to, rather than, more than, no less than(不亚于, 和……一样) 等引导的词组时,谓语动词看前面的名词是单数还是复数来确定. Nobody but Xiao Li and Xiao Wang was there.
An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
Tom, more than anyone else, is anxious to go there again. / The girl, as well as the boys, has learnt to ride.
3.并列连词 or, either…or, neither…nor…, not only… but also…引导的名词做并列主语时,通常用就近性原则来确定动词的单复数. Neither you nor I am right. / Not only the teacher but (also) his students are against the plan.
(三)代词作主语
1.名词性物主代词作主语时，谓语的形式取决于它所代替的单数还是复数。
Ours(our party) is a great party. / Your shoes are black , mine are brown.
2.such ,the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单复数。如:
Such is our plan. / Such are his words.
3.one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 关系代词who, that. which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one, 因此从句中动词用复数形式. 如：This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
但是: 如果one 之前有the only, the last, the right, the first等词语来修饰时,定语从句中的动词用单数形式.
Jane is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.(乐队)
4.疑问代词what, which, who做主语时,看情况而定谓语的单复数.
Who knows the reason (指一个人)-----Who know the reason (指某些人)
5.all, more, most, some, any, none,等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：All of the apple is rotten. / All of the apples are rotten.
Most of the wood was used to make furniture. / Some of the sand is hard .
当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each of the girls is fond of pop music in her class. / Someone is expecting you at the school gate .
但 none 做主语时谓语用单复数都行。 None of them are / is interested in local music.
(四)分数、量词作主语
1.主语是分数词,百分数后边跟of +n.时,根据of 之后的名词的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数.(注：“a number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语用复数；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。)
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. / Forty percent of the people are against the plan.
A number of books have been published on the subject. / The number of books published on this subject is large.
此外the average of + 名词作主语时动词用单数：an average of + 名词作主语时动词用复数。如：
The average of letters received each week is 600 .
An average of 600 letters a week are received by the newspaper's office .
2.“a large quantity / supply of + 复数名词或单数名词”谓语动词用单数，“large quantities / supplies of + 复数名词或单数名词”谓语动词用复数，“a great deal of/a large amount of + 不可数名词”谓语动词用单数，但“large amounts of + 不可数名词”谓语动词却用复数。
Quantities of food were on the table. / Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
3.当 one and a half 修饰名词复数时，谓语用单数。 如：One and a half apples is on the plate .
4.“half of (part of)+ 名词”作主语时，若名词为单数名词，谓语用单数，若名词为复数名词，谓语用复数。
Half of the task is easier. / Half of the people are still alive.
(五)其它情况
1.the + 形容词（或分词）（如：the blind, the rich, the old, the sick, the wounded等）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。
The young are usually very active. / The wounded are being taken good care of here now.
如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：The dead was his father, who left him a lot of money.
2.主语从句,不定式短语,动名词短语做主语时,谓语常用单数.
That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all. / Whether he’ll come or not is uncertain.
Playing with fire is dangerous. / To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.
由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词常用单数；但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What I saw is right. / What I saw are two books.
3.主语为复数形式,后跟each做同位语时,谓语用复数.We each are accountable for our own families.
4.There be… 结构用就近性原则.There is a book and two pieces of chalk on the desk.
5.在强调句中,如果强调主语时,谓语看主语是单数还是复数来确定.
It is the party that calls on us to serve the people. / It is the people that make history.
6.both, few, many, several 等做主语时,谓语用复数. Many have joined the Party in our company.
Both (of them) are correct. / Few of the people know the matter.
7.某些形容词与定冠词连用时,表示抽象概念时,谓语常用单数.如:the beautiful, the good, the impossible, the unknown… The beautiful lives forever. / The impossible has often proved possible.
主谓一致练习：
1.All the professional personnel _____ invited to attend the meeting. A. have B. were C. has D. was
2._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth , are C. Two fifths , is D .Two fifths , are
3.A number of people ____for the delegation，but the number of economists ____to three.
A. were selected；were limited B. selected；limited C. were selected；limited D. were selected；was limited
4.Large quantities of cotton ___ shipped all over the world already. / A large quantity of bamboo ___ used for pipes to carry water. A. has been; are B. has been; is C. have been; is D. have been; are
5. You, who______ his good friend, should help him get out of trouble. A. am B. is C. are D. was
6. A pair of shoes ______ under the bed. A. was B. were C. has been D. have been
7. Many a student ______ the film now. A. has seen B. had seen C. have seen D. saw
8. The police ______ the lost boy all day. A. is searching for B. are searching for C. searches for D. search
9. Not only I but also she ______ this. A. know B. knows C. am known D. known
10.The news that she is coming to visit us ______ exciting. A. is B. was C. were D. are
11.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be
12.Each of the students in our class ______ great interest in English and they each _______ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. A. shows；have B. have；has C. is；have D. takes；has
13.John and Mary，_____ sure to come to our party this evening. A. be B. are C. is D. who are
14. Twenty dollars ______ enough for the coat. A. is B. are C. was D. were
15. The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them ______ not. A. was B. were C. being D. to be
16. Either Tom or I ______ to blame. A. to be B. am C. are D. is
17.On the wall ______two large portraits of his parents. A. hangs B. hanged C. hanging D. hang
18. Something ____ gone wrong with my TV set. A. has B. have C. is D. are
19. This is one of the best films that ______ this year. A. is appearing B. appear C. has appeared D. have appeared
20. Half of the students ______ made the same mistake. A. has B. have C. is D. are
21. The old ______ taken good care of in our country. A. is B. has C. are D. have
22. Each soldier and each sailor ______ a thick coat. A. are given B. was given C. being given D. were given
23. Where ______ dirt, there are flies. A. there has B. is C. there is D. there are
24.The Chinese ________a brave and hard-working people. A. are B. is C. has been D. can be
25. When and where to build the factory ______ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
26. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ______ popular with people of all ages since it was made into the first full-length cartoon. A. were B. was C. has been D. is
27.All but one ______ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were
28. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ______ sea. A. is B. are C. were D. has been
29. Nobody but Jane ______ the secret. A. knows B. know C. have known D. is known
30. ----_______ either he or I proud of the job -----Neither he nor you __________.
A. Am, are B. Is, are C. Are, are D. Am, is
31. A knife and fork ______ lying on the floor . A. was seen B. were seen C. see D. sees
32.The factory, including its equipments and buildings ,____burnt last night . A. is B. are C. was D. were
33 .I, who _____ your close friend, will share your joys and sorrows ( 悲伤). A. was B. are C. is D. am
34. Over 70 percent of the population in this province _______ farmers . A. is B. are C. has D. have
35. Some person ______asking for you at the entrance to the cinema . A. will be B. is being C. is D. are
36.The rest of the novel _______ very wonderful and instructive . A. were B. are C. is D. seem
37.Every means ______ tried, but there is no absolute result yet. A. have been B. has been C. will be D. were
38.What I want ______ an interesting book while what he expects _____ two cups of coffee .
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
39.A teacher, together with four students, ______ sent to help with this research the next week .
A. was B. has C. were D. are
40.He lost one of the books which ______borrowed from the library yesterday. A. were B. was C. had D. have
41.Jack,as well as his relatives and friends, ________a party at home now.
A. are having B. is have C. is holding D. are holding
42.The 26th Olympic Games ______ held successfully . A. is B. will be C. are D. were
43. You should try Larry and kevin's restaurant because _____ the best in the city.
A. theirs is B. their's is C. they are D. their's are
44.On each side of the road ________ a lot of tall trees . A. stands B. is standing C. grow D. is growing
45.Three hours with your old friends________ to be a short time . A. seem B. seems C. is seeming D. has seemed
46.His “Selected Poems”______first published in 1970. A. was B. were C. had been D. have been
47.The United Nations _________ in 1959 . A. were found B. were founded C. was found D. was founded
48.Growing around the lake ________ wild flowers of different colors. A. is B. are C. has D. have
49.One and a half apples _______ left on the table . A. are B. is C. has D. have
50. Whisky and soda ___ always his favourite drink. A. are B. is C. be D. were
51.—Where ________my scissors —________ right on the desk.
A. are; It’s B. is; It’s C. are; They are D. is; They are
52.The youth today ___ trying their best to study modern science and technology. A. is B. was C. were D. are
53.There________a pen, a pencil-box, some books and a lot of money in the drawer.
A. seem to be B. seems to be C. seem to have D. seems to have
54.It________William and Carol who helped me the other day. A. has been B. are C. was D. were
55.Nobody but his family ______the secret. A. know B. are known C. have known D. knew
56.Many a father ______learnt to his sorrow what it is to have a son who tells lies. A. have B. is C. are D. has
57.My family ____not large, but my family ____ all music lovers. A. is are B. are…is C. is…is D. are…are
58.Mathematics _____ the language of science. A. is B. are C. are going to be D. is about to be
59.All possible means ________to save the wounded soldier.
A. has been tried B. have been tried C. is to be tried D. are trying
60.More than one student ___ been sent to Japan since 2000. / More than one hundred students ___ been sent to Japan since 2000. A. have; have B. has; has C. have; has D. has; have
61. Only one of the students who __ present__ to speak at the meeting .
A. is, is B. are, are C. are , is D. is, are
62. What he says and what he does _____ . A. is not agree B. are not agree C. does not agree D. do not agree
63. The population of China ____ over 12 million and eighty percent of the population _____ peasants.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is ; is D. are ; are
64. He said that the twelfth and last lesson _______ rather difficult .A. were B. was C. will be D. are
65. Apples of this kind _______. A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well
形容词与副词练习
1. _____to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
2. It's always difficult being in a foreign country, ___________if you don't speak the language.
A．extremely B．naturally C．basically D．especially
3. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a （an）_____trick.
A．ordinary B．easy C．smart D．simple
4.It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ______ to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
5. --- I hear they aren’t pleased with the house you’ve chosen for them…
--- Well , _________ could they live in such comfort A. where else B. what else C. how D why
6. He did it ______ it took me. A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
7. The____________ house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.
A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little
8. ______ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese
B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese
9. The great success of this programme has been ______ due to the support given by the local businessmen.
A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely
10. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions.
A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable
11. It is reported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
12. Everyone was on time for the meeting _____ Chris, who's usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. but B. only C. even D. yet
13. I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ___, the walk will do me good.
A Sooner or later B Still C In time D Besides
14. I must be getting fat---I can ______ do my trousers up. A fairly B hardly C nearly D seldom
15. Lizzie was______ to see her friend off at the airport.
A a little more than sad B more than a little sad C sad more than a little D a little more sad than
16. If you can’t come tomorrow, we’ll ______ have to hold the meeting next week. A yet B even C rather D just
17. I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is _______ than John.
A. more efficiently a worker B. a more efficient worker C. more an efficient worker D a worker more efficiently
18. --- Have you been to New Zealand --- No. I’d like to, ________. A. too B. though C. yet D. either
19. Mr. Smith owns ______ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.
A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large
20. To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it into parts. A down B up C off D out
21. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels________ desire to go to bed.
A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least
22. — The dish is delicious! — Well, at least it's ___ the one I cooked yesterday.
A. as bad as B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than
23. — Why didn't you go to the cinema last night — It was something ____ interesting.
A. far less B. more or less C. much more D. any further
24. In the poor parts of America's big cities there is a lot of crime, _____ .
A. and much of it is serious B. much of it is serious C. and many more is serious D. more of it is serious
25. — Do you like cats — Of course. They are ____ a kind of pet. They can do much good for their masters.
A. better than B. more than C. no more than D. no better than
26. My teacher has three brothers, all _____ than he. George, _____, is an officer.
A. elder, the eldest B. old, the oldest C. elder, the old one D. older, the eldest
27. You shouldn't be too ___ about things you are not supposed to know.
A. strange B. amusing C. curious D. conscious
28. The new research team was led by the ____ engineer. A. main B. major C. chief D. primary
29. These T-shirts are usually $ 35 each but today they have a ___ price of $19 in the shopping centre.
A. regular B. special C. cheap D. particular
30. It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them_____.
A. properly B. repeatedly C. clearly D. usually
31. Football fans are _____ young people between the ages of fifteen and twenty.
A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most
32. He enjoys a cup of coffee sometimes, but ____ he drinks tea. A. most B. almost C. nearly D. mostly
33. — How can I get to the island — You can' t get there ___ by swimming.
A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. less than
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