主谓一致面面观[上学期]
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主谓一致面面观
试题小测
1. Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who ______ to visit the museum ______ require to be at the station at 6:30
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
2. The young _______ for growing independence while the elder want their son or daughter to listen to them
A. tended; to asked B. tends ; asking C. tend; to ask D. tend toward ; ask
3. Thirty thousand yuan as well as hundreds of tons of food _______ to the Saomai-attached areas.
A. have offered B. has offered C. have been offered D. has been offered
4. A knife and fork _______ needed for you to have western style food. “you” here ______ a logic subject
A. is; is B. are; are C. is ;are D; are; is
5. The police _______ determined to bring back the missing boy when his family _______ almost give up all hope
A. is; are B. are; have C. is ;has D. are; has
Keys DCDAB
知识讲解
一、由as well as, with, together with, along with, no less than, like, but, not, except, besides, rather than, including等连接的两个主语，其谓语动词应与第一个保持人称和数的一致，因为as well as等后面的主语只是一个陪衬，对第一个主语不发生影响。例如：
Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.
We as well as he are interested in physics.
The teacher, together with his students, is going to see the film.
The teacher, together with his students, has gone to the park.
Many people, including my mother, want to buy this kind of cloth.
Nothing but two books was found in the box.
二 、由and或both …and连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，例如：
Li Hong and I are going there tomorrow.
Tom and Mike work hard at Chinese.
Mary and her brother are sitting on the grass.
Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery.
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
注：虽然由and连接，但实际上是指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词应当用单数。这时应注意冠词的用法，如：
The poet and writer has gone to Beijing
There is a knife and fork on the table.
Here is a needle and thread for you.
The bread and butter has gone bad.
Bread and butter tastes good.
cf. The bread and the butter taste good.
三、由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有each, every, no修饰时，谓语动词用单数，如：
Every door and every window is to be cleaned.
Every teacher and every student was present.
Each boy and each girl was given a present.
Each teapot and each teacup has been washed clean.
No teacher and (no) student is allowed to enter the room without permission.
No teacher and no student was absent.
四、each本身作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词则用复数，如：
Each of the books is of great use to us.
Each of us has something to say.
Each of them / the students has a dictionary.
They each have a dictionary.
The children have a story book each.
五、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时，都作单数看待，谓语动词用单数，例如：
Something is wrong with the machine.
Nobody knows where Tom lives.
Is everybody ready
Somebody is using the phone.
Nobody wants to go there, does he
Is anybody going to tell him the news
Everything is ready.
There is nobody in the house.
Someone wants to see you.
六、one, the other, another作主语时，谓语动词应当用单数，如：
One of them is my friend; the other is a stranger to me.
cf. Where are the other students
七、either和neither作主语时，在正式文体中要与单数动词连用；但在非正式文体和美国英语中可与复数动词连用；当either或neither后面跟有of them, of the books等时，用复数动词较好，如：
I wrote to John and Henry but neither (of them) has / have replied; in fact, I doubt if either (of them) is / are coming.
Neither of the answers is correct.
Either of you is to stay here.
Neither of them knows / know the answer.
八、“many a(n) +单数动词”在意义上表示复数，且强调数量之多，但其谓语动词应使用单数，如：
Many a foreign guest has come to China to visit the Great Wall.
Many a boy has made such a funny experiment.
Many a man has sacrificed his life for the cause of the revolution.
注：当 a good / great many +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数，如：
There are a great many students working in the room.
九、“more than one +单数名词”作主语，尽管意思为“不止一个”，但因有one ，谓语动词要用单数，如：
More than one person was dismissed.
More than one person has made the suggestion.
More than one person was involved in the case.
More than one student was praised at the meeting.
There is more than one answer to your question.
注①：如果more than直接加复数名词作主语，则谓语动词用复数，如：
More than two hundred people are to attend this meeting.
More than two hundred people have visited the village.
注②：如果more than one后面没有名词，那么谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这要取决于more和one哪一个重读，如：
More thanˊone is going.
ˊMore than one are going.
十、单个的不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，如：
Serving the people is my great happiness.
Playing with fire is dangerous.
To see is to believe.
To master a foreign language requires at least several years.
What he says is wrong / is quite right.
When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.
cf. When to build the factory and where to build it are not decided yet.
注：如果两个或两个以上的并列词组或从句作主语，表示两件事，并且不使用形式主语时，谓语动词大多使用复数形式，如：
Reading and listening are two different skills.
Swimming and skating are my favorites sports.
What he says and what he does do not agree.
十一、由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)连接两个或多个并列主语时，谓语动词应根据就近一致的原则，与其靠近的一个相一致，如：
He or you have taken my pen.
He or you are to do this experiment.
Either you or I am mad / wrong.
Either you or he is to blame. (Are either you or he to blame )
Neither the students nor the teacher likes the film.
Neither Tom nor his parents have known about it.
Neither he nor I have finished the experiment.
Not only his brother but also his two sisters are fond of sports.
Not only the teacher but also his students object to the plan.
注①：在非正式文体中，由neither…nor连接的并列主语也可以根据意义一致的原则，采取复数形式，如：
Neither my father nor I were there that day.
Neither he nor his wife have arrived.
注②：由either…or和or连接的两个单数名词作主语，在非正式文体中，有时也可跟复数动词，但在大多数情况下还是应根据就近一致的原则，如：
If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink. (非正式)
If either David or Janet comes, he or she will want a drink. (正式)
十二、当all, part, most, half, the rest, the remainder等表示全体、部分的名词或代词用作主语时，应根据意义一致的原则确定谓语的形式，如果所指的是复数意义，动词用复数；如果只是概括地指整个事件、事情或抽象概念，即所指的是单数意义，动词则用单数，如：
All that can be done has been done.
Since all are here, let’s begin the meeting.
All that glitters is not gold.
All of them were very tired.
The rest of the lecture is dull.
The rest of the bicycles are on sale today.
Half of the building was destroyed.
Half of the students are boys.
Most of my friends are away for the moment.
Most of his spare time was wasted.
This is the last copy; the rest are sold.
There is plenty of milk. Some is for you; the rest is for him.
十三、
① none of与复数名词连用时，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，这主要看说话人的态度；在非正式文体中复数更常见，例如：
None of my friends ever come(s) to see me.
None of us are / is afraid of difficulties.
None of the passengers were / was injured.
None (of them) have / has arrived yet.
None have had their lunch. (None has had his lunch.)
注：none用于三个或三个以上的人和物的否定；两者用neither。
② none代表不可数的东西（none of +不可数名词）时，谓语动词则用单数，如：
None of this worries me.
None of the money is mine.
None of the sugar was left.
There is none of it left.
十四、both, a few, many等代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，例如：
Both of them haven’t read this story.
A few of them know French.
Many were without shoes.
We work hard, and many are doing very well.
十五、以there, here开头的句子，主语又不只一个时，其动词应根据就近一致的原则，与靠近的那个主语相一致，如：
There comes the bus.
There is a table and some chairs in the room.
Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
Here is a teacher and some students.
十六、某些表示总体意义的名词，如：police, people, youth, cattle, militia, poultry等，在任何情况下都应作复数处理，如：
Are there any police around
The militia are all out drilling for the National Day parade.
Our youth are promising.
The cattle are grazing.
Youth are compared to the sun at 8 or 9 in the morning.
十七、有些集合名词，如：family, class, audience, crew, crowd, group, army, committee, enemy, team, public, union, government, school等，应根据其在句子中的含义确定动词的单复数。如果强调组成该集体的各个成员，谓语动词用复数；如果强调整体概念，谓语动词则用单数，如：
The committee has considered your request.
The committee are divided in their opinion.
My family is small / is a big one.
My family are all music lovers / are all well.
The crew was made up of strong and able men.
The crew were watching TV.
The football team is the best one in this area.
The football team are having a bath.
十八、“a kind (或sort, type, series) of + 名词”作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：
A series of his works has been printed.
There is a kind of rose in the garden which fills the air with fragrance when May comes.
注①：在“this kind of + 名词”结构中，不管名词是单数还是复数，谓语动词都用单数形式，如：
This kind of man annoys me.
This kind of men is dangerous.
This kind of apples is highly priced.
This kind of book(s) is useful to us.
注②：在“these / those kind of + 复数名词”结构中，谓语动词则用复数，（kind of前后的词均为复数），如：
These kind of tests are good.
These kind of cars are made in Japan.
These type of machines are up-to-date.
These kind of men annoy me.
注③：kind本身为复数，谓语动词也应当用复数形式，如：
Some kinds of bamboo grow very fast.
There are many kinds of apples.
Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up.
There are different kinds of animals in the zoo.
注④：如果以apples / men 作名词词组的中心词，谓语动词自然也用复数，如：
Apples of this kind are highly priced.
Books of this kind are useful to us.
Men of this kind are dangerous.
Films of this kind are not worth seeing.
十九、由两个对称部分组成一个物体的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，如：
The scissors are dull. But they are my only pair.
Where are my trousers / glasses / shoes
Where are my spectacles I can’t find them.
这类词有trousers, glasses, shoes, jeans, pants, scissors, spectacles等。其他类似的还有：clothes, manners等。
注：如果在这类名词前用了量词pair等时，其谓语动词应与pair等的单复数相一致，如：
This pair of trousers / scissors isn’t mine.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
A suit of clothes is not enough.
二十、某些表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、长度、价值、数目等名词作主语时，尽管其形式是复数，但在概念上通常把这些名词看作是一个整体，因此根据意义一致的原则，谓语动词多用单数形式，如：
Eighty dollars a month is a large sum in our eyes, but it is nothing to him.
Ten minutes is enough for me to work out the problem.
Ten years is a short time in human history.
Ten miles is a long way.
Sixty minutes is an hour.
Two and ten is twelve. Two times four is eight. 98 and 3 is 101.
当然，在许多情况下，也可根据语法一致的原则，把这些名词复数看作一个个的个体，使用复数动词，如：
Ten years have passed since I left the city.
Two plus two is / are four.
Two and two make / makes four.
二十一、分数、百分数修饰物质名词时，谓语动词用单数；修饰复数名词时，用复数；修饰集合名词时，可用单数，也可用复数，如：
Thirty percent / One half of the work has been done.
Seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
One third of his income is handed in to his wife.
One third of the apples are handed in to his wife.
Two-thirds of the students are absent today.
One tenth of the population of Egypt is Christian.
Ten percent of the population of Egypt are Christians.
二十二、“one and a half +复数名词”或“a / one +单数名词+ and a half”作主语，谓语动词用单数，如：
One and a half apples is left on the table.
One year and a half has already passed.
但是，one or two后接复数名词时，谓语动词要用复数，如：
One or two days are enough to see the city.
There are one or two letters I’d like to answer this evening.
二十三、书名、报刊名以及某些以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，如：
New York Times is a well-known newspaper / has a wide circulation / is published daily.
His “Selected Poems” was published in 1965.
When was the United Nations founded / established
二十四、由“the +形容词或过去分词”结构作主语，表示抽象概念或个人，谓语动词用单数；若表示一类人，则用复数，如：
The best is yet to come.
The good is not always beautiful.
The wounded was a good friend of his.
The rich are against the new law.
The blind are taught in special schools.
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
二十五、用what, which, who等作主语时，要根据该句的意思确定谓语动词的单复数，如：
Which is your room Which are your rooms
What we need is more money. What we need are bicycles.
What he said is true / is difficult to believe.
What he gave me are only two pens.
What he left me are but a few old books.
二十六、在定语从句中，关系代词who, that, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的人称和数相一致，如：
I, who am old, have never seen such a thing.
Those who agree with him raise their hands.
He lives in the house which is near our school.
It is I who am knocking at the door.
但是在“one of + 复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式有下列三种情况：
① 根据先行词为复数名词而定，采取复数形式，如：
Tom is one of the boys who are on time.
His brother is one of the students who are ready to help others.
② 当one之前有the only (或the) 等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句应根据one而定，采取单数形式，如：
She is the only one of the girls who comes from the countryside.
She is the only one of the singers who was invited to give us a talk last year.
③ 在非正式文体中，“one of +复数名词 ”之后的定语从句中的谓语动词也可用单数形式，如：
Mr White is one of those people who believes in ancient maths.
二十七、在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数，如：
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
二十八、mathematics, physics, politics用作学科名称时，谓语动词用单数，如：
Physics studies heat, light, sound, etc.
Mathematics was the only course he failed in.
Politics is now taught in all schools.
注①：如果指某人在该学科方面的实用能力或学习成绩时，谓语动词单复均可，如：
His mathematics is / are rather weak.
I think your physics is / are better than mine.
My politics are / is not so good.
注②：politics如果作“政治策略/观点/事务”解时，谓语动词应当用复数形式，如：
What are your politics
二十九、news是不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词或数词。作主语时，谓语动词应当用单数，如：
No news is good news.
三十、bellows, means, works以及sheep, deer, species等是单复同形的词，作主语时，如表示复数意义，动词用复数；如表示单数意义，动词用单数，例如：
A chemical works has been built here.
There are two iron and steel works in our province.
There is / are no means of learning what is happening.
Is /Are there any other means of getting there
Every possible means has been tried since then.
All possible means have been tried since then.
三十一、有些以-ch, -sh, -ese结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与定冠词the连用，指整个民族，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数，如：
The English like to be with their family at Christmas.
The Chinese are kind and friendly.
当上述形容词转化为名词，作某种语言解时，谓语动词用单数，如：
French is spoken in many countries.
三十二、当姓氏复数前加定冠词表示一家人时，谓语动词用复数，如：
The Smiths were also invited.
三十三、lots of, a lot of, plenty of, heaps of, loads of等作主语时，其谓语动词应根据of之后的名词的单复数来决定，例如：
Lots of food is going to waste.
Lots of people are waiting outside.
There is a lot of air in loose snow.
A lot of visitors have been there.
Plenty of the money comes from donations.
Plenty of the members are willing to do the work.
三十四、连接代词what引导的主语从句，其单复数意义要取决于后接表语的数，如：
What disappointed us most was his refusal.
What they want are financial aids.
三十五、a number of意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；the number of意为“……的数目”，表单数，谓语动词用单数，如：
A great number of factories have been set up here since 1987.
The number of the students is small in this school, but a large number of books are lent at the library.
三十六、以-s结尾的群岛、瀑布、山脉等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，如：
The Alps rise over four countries.
The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean.
Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.
The Andes are in South America, and the Alps are in Europe.
试题小测
1. Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who ______ to visit the museum ______ require to be at the station at 6:30
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
2. The young _______ for growing independence while the elder want their son or daughter to listen to them
A. tended; to asked B. tends ; asking C. tend; to ask D. tend toward ; ask
3. Thirty thousand yuan as well as hundreds of tons of food _______ to the Saomai-attached areas.
A. have offered B. has offered C. have been offered D. has been offered
4. A knife and fork _______ needed for you to have western style food. “you” here ______ a logic subject
A. is; is B. are; are C. is ;are D; are; is
5. The police _______ determined to bring back the missing boy when his family _______ almost give up all hope
A. is; are B. are; have C. is ;has D. are; has
Keys DCDAB
知识讲解
一、由as well as, with, together with, along with, no less than, like, but, not, except, besides, rather than, including等连接的两个主语，其谓语动词应与第一个保持人称和数的一致，因为as well as等后面的主语只是一个陪衬，对第一个主语不发生影响。例如：
Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.
We as well as he are interested in physics.
The teacher, together with his students, is going to see the film.
The teacher, together with his students, has gone to the park.
Many people, including my mother, want to buy this kind of cloth.
Nothing but two books was found in the box.
二 、由and或both …and连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，例如：
Li Hong and I are going there tomorrow.
Tom and Mike work hard at Chinese.
Mary and her brother are sitting on the grass.
Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery.
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
注：虽然由and连接，但实际上是指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词应当用单数。这时应注意冠词的用法，如：
The poet and writer has gone to Beijing
There is a knife and fork on the table.
Here is a needle and thread for you.
The bread and butter has gone bad.
Bread and butter tastes good.
cf. The bread and the butter taste good.
三、由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有each, every, no修饰时，谓语动词用单数，如：
Every door and every window is to be cleaned.
Every teacher and every student was present.
Each boy and each girl was given a present.
Each teapot and each teacup has been washed clean.
No teacher and (no) student is allowed to enter the room without permission.
No teacher and no student was absent.
四、each本身作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词则用复数，如：
Each of the books is of great use to us.
Each of us has something to say.
Each of them / the students has a dictionary.
They each have a dictionary.
The children have a story book each.
五、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时，都作单数看待，谓语动词用单数，例如：
Something is wrong with the machine.
Nobody knows where Tom lives.
Is everybody ready
Somebody is using the phone.
Nobody wants to go there, does he
Is anybody going to tell him the news
Everything is ready.
There is nobody in the house.
Someone wants to see you.
六、one, the other, another作主语时，谓语动词应当用单数，如：
One of them is my friend; the other is a stranger to me.
cf. Where are the other students
七、either和neither作主语时，在正式文体中要与单数动词连用；但在非正式文体和美国英语中可与复数动词连用；当either或neither后面跟有of them, of the books等时，用复数动词较好，如：
I wrote to John and Henry but neither (of them) has / have replied; in fact, I doubt if either (of them) is / are coming.
Neither of the answers is correct.
Either of you is to stay here.
Neither of them knows / know the answer.
八、“many a(n) +单数动词”在意义上表示复数，且强调数量之多，但其谓语动词应使用单数，如：
Many a foreign guest has come to China to visit the Great Wall.
Many a boy has made such a funny experiment.
Many a man has sacrificed his life for the cause of the revolution.
注：当 a good / great many +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数，如：
There are a great many students working in the room.
九、“more than one +单数名词”作主语，尽管意思为“不止一个”，但因有one ，谓语动词要用单数，如：
More than one person was dismissed.
More than one person has made the suggestion.
More than one person was involved in the case.
More than one student was praised at the meeting.
There is more than one answer to your question.
注①：如果more than直接加复数名词作主语，则谓语动词用复数，如：
More than two hundred people are to attend this meeting.
More than two hundred people have visited the village.
注②：如果more than one后面没有名词，那么谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这要取决于more和one哪一个重读，如：
More thanˊone is going.
ˊMore than one are going.
十、单个的不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，如：
Serving the people is my great happiness.
Playing with fire is dangerous.
To see is to believe.
To master a foreign language requires at least several years.
What he says is wrong / is quite right.
When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.
cf. When to build the factory and where to build it are not decided yet.
注：如果两个或两个以上的并列词组或从句作主语，表示两件事，并且不使用形式主语时，谓语动词大多使用复数形式，如：
Reading and listening are two different skills.
Swimming and skating are my favorites sports.
What he says and what he does do not agree.
十一、由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)连接两个或多个并列主语时，谓语动词应根据就近一致的原则，与其靠近的一个相一致，如：
He or you have taken my pen.
He or you are to do this experiment.
Either you or I am mad / wrong.
Either you or he is to blame. (Are either you or he to blame )
Neither the students nor the teacher likes the film.
Neither Tom nor his parents have known about it.
Neither he nor I have finished the experiment.
Not only his brother but also his two sisters are fond of sports.
Not only the teacher but also his students object to the plan.
注①：在非正式文体中，由neither…nor连接的并列主语也可以根据意义一致的原则，采取复数形式，如：
Neither my father nor I were there that day.
Neither he nor his wife have arrived.
注②：由either…or和or连接的两个单数名词作主语，在非正式文体中，有时也可跟复数动词，但在大多数情况下还是应根据就近一致的原则，如：
If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink. (非正式)
If either David or Janet comes, he or she will want a drink. (正式)
十二、当all, part, most, half, the rest, the remainder等表示全体、部分的名词或代词用作主语时，应根据意义一致的原则确定谓语的形式，如果所指的是复数意义，动词用复数；如果只是概括地指整个事件、事情或抽象概念，即所指的是单数意义，动词则用单数，如：
All that can be done has been done.
Since all are here, let’s begin the meeting.
All that glitters is not gold.
All of them were very tired.
The rest of the lecture is dull.
The rest of the bicycles are on sale today.
Half of the building was destroyed.
Half of the students are boys.
Most of my friends are away for the moment.
Most of his spare time was wasted.
This is the last copy; the rest are sold.
There is plenty of milk. Some is for you; the rest is for him.
十三、
① none of与复数名词连用时，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，这主要看说话人的态度；在非正式文体中复数更常见，例如：
None of my friends ever come(s) to see me.
None of us are / is afraid of difficulties.
None of the passengers were / was injured.
None (of them) have / has arrived yet.
None have had their lunch. (None has had his lunch.)
注：none用于三个或三个以上的人和物的否定；两者用neither。
② none代表不可数的东西（none of +不可数名词）时，谓语动词则用单数，如：
None of this worries me.
None of the money is mine.
None of the sugar was left.
There is none of it left.
十四、both, a few, many等代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，例如：
Both of them haven’t read this story.
A few of them know French.
Many were without shoes.
We work hard, and many are doing very well.
十五、以there, here开头的句子，主语又不只一个时，其动词应根据就近一致的原则，与靠近的那个主语相一致，如：
There comes the bus.
There is a table and some chairs in the room.
Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
Here is a teacher and some students.
十六、某些表示总体意义的名词，如：police, people, youth, cattle, militia, poultry等，在任何情况下都应作复数处理，如：
Are there any police around
The militia are all out drilling for the National Day parade.
Our youth are promising.
The cattle are grazing.
Youth are compared to the sun at 8 or 9 in the morning.
十七、有些集合名词，如：family, class, audience, crew, crowd, group, army, committee, enemy, team, public, union, government, school等，应根据其在句子中的含义确定动词的单复数。如果强调组成该集体的各个成员，谓语动词用复数；如果强调整体概念，谓语动词则用单数，如：
The committee has considered your request.
The committee are divided in their opinion.
My family is small / is a big one.
My family are all music lovers / are all well.
The crew was made up of strong and able men.
The crew were watching TV.
The football team is the best one in this area.
The football team are having a bath.
十八、“a kind (或sort, type, series) of + 名词”作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：
A series of his works has been printed.
There is a kind of rose in the garden which fills the air with fragrance when May comes.
注①：在“this kind of + 名词”结构中，不管名词是单数还是复数，谓语动词都用单数形式，如：
This kind of man annoys me.
This kind of men is dangerous.
This kind of apples is highly priced.
This kind of book(s) is useful to us.
注②：在“these / those kind of + 复数名词”结构中，谓语动词则用复数，（kind of前后的词均为复数），如：
These kind of tests are good.
These kind of cars are made in Japan.
These type of machines are up-to-date.
These kind of men annoy me.
注③：kind本身为复数，谓语动词也应当用复数形式，如：
Some kinds of bamboo grow very fast.
There are many kinds of apples.
Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up.
There are different kinds of animals in the zoo.
注④：如果以apples / men 作名词词组的中心词，谓语动词自然也用复数，如：
Apples of this kind are highly priced.
Books of this kind are useful to us.
Men of this kind are dangerous.
Films of this kind are not worth seeing.
十九、由两个对称部分组成一个物体的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，如：
The scissors are dull. But they are my only pair.
Where are my trousers / glasses / shoes
Where are my spectacles I can’t find them.
这类词有trousers, glasses, shoes, jeans, pants, scissors, spectacles等。其他类似的还有：clothes, manners等。
注：如果在这类名词前用了量词pair等时，其谓语动词应与pair等的单复数相一致，如：
This pair of trousers / scissors isn’t mine.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
A suit of clothes is not enough.
二十、某些表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、长度、价值、数目等名词作主语时，尽管其形式是复数，但在概念上通常把这些名词看作是一个整体，因此根据意义一致的原则，谓语动词多用单数形式，如：
Eighty dollars a month is a large sum in our eyes, but it is nothing to him.
Ten minutes is enough for me to work out the problem.
Ten years is a short time in human history.
Ten miles is a long way.
Sixty minutes is an hour.
Two and ten is twelve. Two times four is eight. 98 and 3 is 101.
当然，在许多情况下，也可根据语法一致的原则，把这些名词复数看作一个个的个体，使用复数动词，如：
Ten years have passed since I left the city.
Two plus two is / are four.
Two and two make / makes four.
二十一、分数、百分数修饰物质名词时，谓语动词用单数；修饰复数名词时，用复数；修饰集合名词时，可用单数，也可用复数，如：
Thirty percent / One half of the work has been done.
Seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
One third of his income is handed in to his wife.
One third of the apples are handed in to his wife.
Two-thirds of the students are absent today.
One tenth of the population of Egypt is Christian.
Ten percent of the population of Egypt are Christians.
二十二、“one and a half +复数名词”或“a / one +单数名词+ and a half”作主语，谓语动词用单数，如：
One and a half apples is left on the table.
One year and a half has already passed.
但是，one or two后接复数名词时，谓语动词要用复数，如：
One or two days are enough to see the city.
There are one or two letters I’d like to answer this evening.
二十三、书名、报刊名以及某些以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，如：
New York Times is a well-known newspaper / has a wide circulation / is published daily.
His “Selected Poems” was published in 1965.
When was the United Nations founded / established
二十四、由“the +形容词或过去分词”结构作主语，表示抽象概念或个人，谓语动词用单数；若表示一类人，则用复数，如：
The best is yet to come.
The good is not always beautiful.
The wounded was a good friend of his.
The rich are against the new law.
The blind are taught in special schools.
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
二十五、用what, which, who等作主语时，要根据该句的意思确定谓语动词的单复数，如：
Which is your room Which are your rooms
What we need is more money. What we need are bicycles.
What he said is true / is difficult to believe.
What he gave me are only two pens.
What he left me are but a few old books.
二十六、在定语从句中，关系代词who, that, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的人称和数相一致，如：
I, who am old, have never seen such a thing.
Those who agree with him raise their hands.
He lives in the house which is near our school.
It is I who am knocking at the door.
但是在“one of + 复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式有下列三种情况：
① 根据先行词为复数名词而定，采取复数形式，如：
Tom is one of the boys who are on time.
His brother is one of the students who are ready to help others.
② 当one之前有the only (或the) 等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句应根据one而定，采取单数形式，如：
She is the only one of the girls who comes from the countryside.
She is the only one of the singers who was invited to give us a talk last year.
③ 在非正式文体中，“one of +复数名词 ”之后的定语从句中的谓语动词也可用单数形式，如：
Mr White is one of those people who believes in ancient maths.
二十七、在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数，如：
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
二十八、mathematics, physics, politics用作学科名称时，谓语动词用单数，如：
Physics studies heat, light, sound, etc.
Mathematics was the only course he failed in.
Politics is now taught in all schools.
注①：如果指某人在该学科方面的实用能力或学习成绩时，谓语动词单复均可，如：
His mathematics is / are rather weak.
I think your physics is / are better than mine.
My politics are / is not so good.
注②：politics如果作“政治策略/观点/事务”解时，谓语动词应当用复数形式，如：
What are your politics
二十九、news是不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词或数词。作主语时，谓语动词应当用单数，如：
No news is good news.
三十、bellows, means, works以及sheep, deer, species等是单复同形的词，作主语时，如表示复数意义，动词用复数；如表示单数意义，动词用单数，例如：
A chemical works has been built here.
There are two iron and steel works in our province.
There is / are no means of learning what is happening.
Is /Are there any other means of getting there
Every possible means has been tried since then.
All possible means have been tried since then.
三十一、有些以-ch, -sh, -ese结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与定冠词the连用，指整个民族，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数，如：
The English like to be with their family at Christmas.
The Chinese are kind and friendly.
当上述形容词转化为名词，作某种语言解时，谓语动词用单数，如：
French is spoken in many countries.
三十二、当姓氏复数前加定冠词表示一家人时，谓语动词用复数，如：
The Smiths were also invited.
三十三、lots of, a lot of, plenty of, heaps of, loads of等作主语时，其谓语动词应根据of之后的名词的单复数来决定，例如：
Lots of food is going to waste.
Lots of people are waiting outside.
There is a lot of air in loose snow.
A lot of visitors have been there.
Plenty of the money comes from donations.
Plenty of the members are willing to do the work.
三十四、连接代词what引导的主语从句，其单复数意义要取决于后接表语的数，如：
What disappointed us most was his refusal.
What they want are financial aids.
三十五、a number of意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；the number of意为“……的数目”，表单数，谓语动词用单数，如：
A great number of factories have been set up here since 1987.
The number of the students is small in this school, but a large number of books are lent at the library.
三十六、以-s结尾的群岛、瀑布、山脉等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，如：
The Alps rise over four countries.
The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean.
Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.
The Andes are in South America, and the Alps are in Europe.