定语从句[上学期]
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专题一：定语从句的理解和运用
定语从句又叫形容词从句。形容词的主要功能是定语,所以, 定语从句又叫形容词从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句必须有引导词引导（有时可以省略）,引导词一定与先行词有关系，一般为"代替"关系,因此,定语词从句又叫关系从句.
定语从句中的引导词显得尤为重要,一是引导从句;作为从句的重要标志.二是代替先行词, 被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词; 三是在从句中充当成分,可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。关系词在从句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
由在从句中的地位划分上讲,引导词可分为三类: 一．主语,宾语引导词．如: who , whom , what , that , which , as 二 .状语引导词．如: where , when , why 三 .定语引导词．如: whose
例如: 1)． She is the girl who sings best of all ．她是所有人唱歌最好的那个小女孩.
引导词who 代替先行词 the girl , 在定语从句中作主语.
2)．Please pass me the notebook whose cover is red ．给我书皮是红色的那本书.
引导词 whose 代替先行词 the notebook , 在从句中作定语 .
3)．A steel plant is a place where steel is made ．钢厂是生产钢的地方．
引导词 where 与先行词 the place 有关系,相当于 in the place , 在句中作状语,可以理解为: steel is made in the place ．
4)．As everyone knows , he is honest ． 众所周知,她很诚实.
引导词 as 代替先行词 he is honest (先行词为一句话), 在定语从句中作know的宾语.
运用定语从句需要注意的几个问题:
1．确定关系词的步骤
（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。先行词为"人"时,引导词用 who ,whom ；先行词为“物”时， 引导词用which ; whose 即可代替"人"又可代替"物", that 即可指"人"又可指"物"; which 指"物"或"整句"; as 前面常有such 或the same,也可单独引导定语从句。
（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。充当主语,宾语时用 who , whom , that , which , as 充当状语时，用where , when , why；充当定语时用 whose。
例如: 1)．I won't tell them the news , which will make them sad ． 我不愿意告诉他们那个消息,会使他们悲伤的． ( which 指物，作主语 )
2)．Bamboo is hollow , which makes them very light ．竹子是 空 的,这会使他们轻．( which代替整句话: bamboo is hollow ，which 作主语)
3)．He must be from Africa , as can be seen from skin ．从皮肤上看,他一定来自于非洲.( as 指全句: He must be from Africa ，as 作主语)
4)．Li Hua was one of the girls who have the chances .李华是那些有机会的小女孩之一.( who 指人，who 作主语 )
5)．That is the boy whose father died three years ago ．那就是三年前他爸爸死的那个小男孩.(whose 指人 ,相当于: the boy's，whose 作定语 )
6)．Do you have a bottle whose lid is red 你有瓶盖是红色的瓶子吗 ( whose 指物，作定语 )
2．that 和 which 都能指物, 指物时可以互换; that 也能指人 .但下列情况必须用that．
1)先行词为 much，little，none，few，one， anything , everything , nothing , something 等不定代词。
2)先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
3)先行词被the only , the very , the same , the last 等词修饰。
4) 先行词既有人也有物
5) 以who 开头的疑问句
6）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
例如:
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
这个村子不在是五年前那个样子了。
I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor .
我看到了所有桌子上的杯子掉到了地板上。
The parks are the clearest parks that you can imagine ．
这些公园是你能想象的最干净的公园。
Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe ．
玉米并不是被传往欧洲的唯一食物。
They talked about things and persons that they remembered ．
他们谈起所记起的人和事。
以下情况时只能用which
1) 前面紧接介词时.
2) 引导非限定从句时
3）当先行词本身是that时
4）当关系词离先行词较远时
例如:
This is the book about which we are talking now ．
这是我们正谈的那本书.
Tom studies hard and is ready to help others , which his parents expect.
汤姆努力学习并乐于助人,这正是他父母所盼望的.
3．关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。
3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window
4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
4．先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意：区别1）such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are such
lovely children that we love them much.2）the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
5．关系副词when与where、why、that
when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which
where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）
I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.
当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
6．注意区别定语从句与强调句。
1）定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。
2）强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。
3）强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）
7．定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
1）定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
2）同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)
8．关系词在从句中省略的情况。
1）关系词作宾语，前无介词时。
2）关系词作表语。
9．几个特殊的定语从句句型：
1）He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词）
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）
2）Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday
Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday
3）He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
4）It may rain, in which case the match will be put off
练习题
I.填入适当的引导词
1．Please pass me the notebook ____ cover is yellow ．
2．Li Hua was one of the girls ____ have the chance to go abroad.
3．He must be form Africa , ____ can be seen from his skin ．
4．Air ,___ we breathe every day , is around us all the time ．
5．1949 was the year ____ the New China was born ．
6．I don't know the reason ____ she looks unhappy today ．
7．This is the village _____ my father worked three years ago ．
8．I still remember the day ____ the old scientist took us to the lab for the first time ．
9．The letter ______ I received yesterday is from my sister ．
10．The woman _____ you saw in the park is our geography teacher .
答案：1．whose 2.who 3.as 4.which 5.when 6.why 7.where 8.when 9.that 10.whom
II.合并各组句子
1．The factory is a small one .
The factory stands near the river ．
2．Have you answered the letter
You got that letter two weeks ago ．
3．I'll never forget the day .
On that day I joined the League .
4.We are not allowed to do so ．
Tell me the reason .
5．The boy student is very young .
He won the game .
6．The town has become a famous city ．
He grew up in the town ．
7．I spend my childhood in Suzhou ．
I have never been there again since I left ．
8．He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter ．
He has not seen the girl for years ．
9．Do you know the man
His son is a famous scientist．
10．My uncle bought the bicycle last week ．
The bicycle has been stolen .
答案：
1．The factory which is a small one stands near the river ．
2．Have you answered the letter that you received two weeks ago
3．I'll never forget the day when I joined the League .
4．Tell me the reason why we are not allowed to do so.
5．The boy who won the game is very young ．
6．The town in which he grew up has become a famous city ．
7．I have never been in Suzhou again since I left , where I spent my childhood.
8．He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter whom he has not seen for years .
9．Do you know the man whose son is a famous scientist
10．The bicycle which my uncle bought last week has been stolen .
III．改错
1．The story happened in November on which the weather was very cold ．
2．Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task ．
3．Even at that moment he didn't come to our help , who made us disappointed ．
4．Mr Williams has two sons , both of whom looks like him ．
5．When we passed the place which the dead boy lay , each of us saluted．
答案： 1．on改为 in 2．is 改为are 3．who改为 which 4．looks改为 look 5．which改为 where
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专题一：定语从句的理解和运用
定语从句又叫形容词从句。形容词的主要功能是定语,所以, 定语从句又叫形容词从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句必须有引导词引导（有时可以省略）,引导词一定与先行词有关系，一般为"代替"关系,因此,定语词从句又叫关系从句.
定语从句中的引导词显得尤为重要,一是引导从句;作为从句的重要标志.二是代替先行词, 被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词; 三是在从句中充当成分,可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。关系词在从句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
由在从句中的地位划分上讲,引导词可分为三类: 一．主语,宾语引导词．如: who , whom , what , that , which , as 二 .状语引导词．如: where , when , why 三 .定语引导词．如: whose
例如: 1)． She is the girl who sings best of all ．她是所有人唱歌最好的那个小女孩.
引导词who 代替先行词 the girl , 在定语从句中作主语.
2)．Please pass me the notebook whose cover is red ．给我书皮是红色的那本书.
引导词 whose 代替先行词 the notebook , 在从句中作定语 .
3)．A steel plant is a place where steel is made ．钢厂是生产钢的地方．
引导词 where 与先行词 the place 有关系,相当于 in the place , 在句中作状语,可以理解为: steel is made in the place ．
4)．As everyone knows , he is honest ． 众所周知,她很诚实.
引导词 as 代替先行词 he is honest (先行词为一句话), 在定语从句中作know的宾语.
运用定语从句需要注意的几个问题:
1．确定关系词的步骤
（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。先行词为"人"时,引导词用 who ,whom ；先行词为“物”时， 引导词用which ; whose 即可代替"人"又可代替"物", that 即可指"人"又可指"物"; which 指"物"或"整句"; as 前面常有such 或the same,也可单独引导定语从句。
（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。充当主语,宾语时用 who , whom , that , which , as 充当状语时，用where , when , why；充当定语时用 whose。
例如: 1)．I won't tell them the news , which will make them sad ． 我不愿意告诉他们那个消息,会使他们悲伤的． ( which 指物，作主语 )
2)．Bamboo is hollow , which makes them very light ．竹子是 空 的,这会使他们轻．( which代替整句话: bamboo is hollow ，which 作主语)
3)．He must be from Africa , as can be seen from skin ．从皮肤上看,他一定来自于非洲.( as 指全句: He must be from Africa ，as 作主语)
4)．Li Hua was one of the girls who have the chances .李华是那些有机会的小女孩之一.( who 指人，who 作主语 )
5)．That is the boy whose father died three years ago ．那就是三年前他爸爸死的那个小男孩.(whose 指人 ,相当于: the boy's，whose 作定语 )
6)．Do you have a bottle whose lid is red 你有瓶盖是红色的瓶子吗 ( whose 指物，作定语 )
2．that 和 which 都能指物, 指物时可以互换; that 也能指人 .但下列情况必须用that．
1)先行词为 much，little，none，few，one， anything , everything , nothing , something 等不定代词。
2)先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
3)先行词被the only , the very , the same , the last 等词修饰。
4) 先行词既有人也有物
5) 以who 开头的疑问句
6）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
例如:
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
这个村子不在是五年前那个样子了。
I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor .
我看到了所有桌子上的杯子掉到了地板上。
The parks are the clearest parks that you can imagine ．
这些公园是你能想象的最干净的公园。
Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe ．
玉米并不是被传往欧洲的唯一食物。
They talked about things and persons that they remembered ．
他们谈起所记起的人和事。
以下情况时只能用which
1) 前面紧接介词时.
2) 引导非限定从句时
3）当先行词本身是that时
4）当关系词离先行词较远时
例如:
This is the book about which we are talking now ．
这是我们正谈的那本书.
Tom studies hard and is ready to help others , which his parents expect.
汤姆努力学习并乐于助人,这正是他父母所盼望的.
3．关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。
3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window
4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
4．先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意：区别1）such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are such
lovely children that we love them much.2）the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
5．关系副词when与where、why、that
when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which
where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）
I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.
当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
6．注意区别定语从句与强调句。
1）定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。
2）强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。
3）强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）
7．定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
1）定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
2）同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)
8．关系词在从句中省略的情况。
1）关系词作宾语，前无介词时。
2）关系词作表语。
9．几个特殊的定语从句句型：
1）He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词）
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）
2）Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday
Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday
3）He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
4）It may rain, in which case the match will be put off
练习题
I.填入适当的引导词
1．Please pass me the notebook ____ cover is yellow ．
2．Li Hua was one of the girls ____ have the chance to go abroad.
3．He must be form Africa , ____ can be seen from his skin ．
4．Air ,___ we breathe every day , is around us all the time ．
5．1949 was the year ____ the New China was born ．
6．I don't know the reason ____ she looks unhappy today ．
7．This is the village _____ my father worked three years ago ．
8．I still remember the day ____ the old scientist took us to the lab for the first time ．
9．The letter ______ I received yesterday is from my sister ．
10．The woman _____ you saw in the park is our geography teacher .
答案：1．whose 2.who 3.as 4.which 5.when 6.why 7.where 8.when 9.that 10.whom
II.合并各组句子
1．The factory is a small one .
The factory stands near the river ．
2．Have you answered the letter
You got that letter two weeks ago ．
3．I'll never forget the day .
On that day I joined the League .
4.We are not allowed to do so ．
Tell me the reason .
5．The boy student is very young .
He won the game .
6．The town has become a famous city ．
He grew up in the town ．
7．I spend my childhood in Suzhou ．
I have never been there again since I left ．
8．He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter ．
He has not seen the girl for years ．
9．Do you know the man
His son is a famous scientist．
10．My uncle bought the bicycle last week ．
The bicycle has been stolen .
答案：
1．The factory which is a small one stands near the river ．
2．Have you answered the letter that you received two weeks ago
3．I'll never forget the day when I joined the League .
4．Tell me the reason why we are not allowed to do so.
5．The boy who won the game is very young ．
6．The town in which he grew up has become a famous city ．
7．I have never been in Suzhou again since I left , where I spent my childhood.
8．He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter whom he has not seen for years .
9．Do you know the man whose son is a famous scientist
10．The bicycle which my uncle bought last week has been stolen .
III．改错
1．The story happened in November on which the weather was very cold ．
2．Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task ．
3．Even at that moment he didn't come to our help , who made us disappointed ．
4．Mr Williams has two sons , both of whom looks like him ．
5．When we passed the place which the dead boy lay , each of us saluted．
答案： 1．on改为 in 2．is 改为are 3．who改为 which 4．looks改为 look 5．which改为 where
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