定语从句专题练习
(2006-12-5)
总:修饰, 限定
The kinds of attribute(定语):
1.He is an honest boy.(形容词作定语)
2. We love our country.(代词作定语)
3. What’s your telephone number?(名词作定语)
4.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. (介词短语作定语)
5.The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.(从句作定语)
位置:单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面,短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。
Attributive Clause(定语从句)
概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
先行词 定语从句
关系词
1.关系代词在定语从句中作定语时用whose;作主语或宾语时,可用that, which, who, whom。
2.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语可省略。
3.”介词+ 关系代词“引导的定语从句,介词取决于和动词的搭配或和作现行词的名词的搭配。
4.As引导非限制性定语从句常和表示感觉、心理活动的动词,如:see, hear, know, expect, hope等构成As is known/ expected/hoped等。
关系代词that和which使用时应注意的几点:
在下列情况下只用that,不用which
先行词是all, everything,nothing,anything,little,much,the one等不定代词时
There is nothing (that) I can do.
I mean the one that was brought yesterday.
②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
This is the first composition( that) he has written in English.
This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.
先行词被the only,the last, the very(正是,恰是)修饰时
The white flower is the only one (that) I really like.
This is the very book (that) I want to find.
The last place (thata0 we visited was the hospital.
This is the same watch that I lost yesterday.
先行词all, any,every, no, some,little,much被等词修饰时
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
You may take home any of these books that you like.
当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物,定语从句用that引导(that既可指人又可指物)
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
在下列情况下只用which,不用that
that不能引导非限制性定语从句
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
that不能置于介词之后(介词后指物用 which 指人用whom)
The person to whom I am speaking just now is our English teacher.
The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle.
as做关系代词时的用法:
关系代词常出现在the same…as , such…as , so…as , as…as等结构中
This is not such a book as I expected.
I live in the same building as he (lives in).
Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
As many children as came here were my father’s pupils.
such…that和such …as 的区别
It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.(属such… that结构,从句不缺成分) 这个题目如此的难,以致于无人能解。
It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.(属定语从句,句中缺少out的宾语,用as充当)这是一道难到无人能解的题目。
the same…that和the same …as 的区别
I have bought the dame watch as you have.
我买了一块和你一样的手表。(我的手表和你的手表很像,但不是同一块)
This is the sane watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块手表。(这手表和我丢的手表是同一块)
as引导非限制性定语从句和which的区别,
①指代逗号前的整个句子(即先行词),可置于句首或句末。which只能放句中。
This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.
Mary was late for school, as often happened.
As is known to all, the earth is round.
②主从句语义一致用as,反之用which
She married a third husband, as was expected. (正如人们预料的那样)
She married a third husband, which surprised us very much.(令我们大吃一惊)
当非限制性定语从句为否定时,常用引导词which
She is not happy with the work, which made us sad.
④固定搭配:as指代一句话和which指代一句话的用法区别
as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中,如:
as has been said before 如上所述
as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样
as is well known 众所周知
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样
which则不需要,例如:
The man died last night, which is a lie.
as替代一句话,既可以放句首也可放句末,而which只能放句末.
定语从句中的主谓一致
引导词在定语从句中做主语时, 其谓语动词人称和数要根据引导词所指内容而定.例如:
Here are such sentences as are often used by the students. (as指代 sentences ,谓语动词用are)
I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our country. (who指代 I,谓语动词用 am)
He was one of the students who were praised for it. ( who指代 the students )
他是被表扬的学生之一.
He was the only one of the students who was praised for it. ( who指代the only one)
他是唯一被表扬的学生.
(四)、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别????
限制性定语从句,顾名思义,是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。例如:????
A?man?who?doesn’t?want?to?learn?from?others?can’t?achieve?much.??
?一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。???
A?man被限定后,指一类特定的人。???
限制性定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上,非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。例如:????Finally?we?visited?the?Giant?Yangtze?Gorges?Dam,?which?is?the?greatest?key??water?control?project?in?the?world?at?present.?????最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。????
三、在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词作宾语时,引导词可以省略;但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省,同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。试比较:????
The?American?journalist?(whom?/?who)?the?announcer?mentioned?in?the?news?broadcast?is?said?to?have?been?killed?by?the?gangsters.?????播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。????
He?was?eager?to?go?to?the?hospital?to?see?his?stepmother,?whom?he?loved?and?respected?as?his?own?mother.????他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。
巩固性练习(多数为历年高考题):从A、B、C、D中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.?She?heard?the?terrible?noise,?_____?brought?her?heart?into?her?mouth.???? A.?it???????????B.?which?????C.?this????????D.?that2.??Recently?I?bought?an?ancient?Chinese?vase,____?was?very?reasonable.????
A.?which?price?B.?the?price?of?which???????C.?its?price??D.?the?price?of?whose3?The?youngest?nurse?has?worked?for?30?days?in?the?SARS?hospital,__? she?spent?her?19th?birthday.
A.?that????????B.?which???C.?where?D.?and????
(五)“介词+关系代词”即“介词+whom/which”引导定语从句应注意:
1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素
A.与先行词的搭配关系
1)I will never forget the day _____________ I joined the army.
2) I will never forget the days ____________ I worked in the school.
3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college.
4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, ____________ most people had had supper.
B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯
1)Have you found the book ____________ I paid 29 US dollars?
2) Have you found the book _____________ I spent 29 US dollars?
3) Have you found the book _____________ we learnt a lot?
4) Have you found the book ____________ she often talks?
(六) 练习
1.________ have plenty of money will help their friends.
A. Those who B. He who C. That who D. You who
2. This is the longest train_________ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C what D. whom
3. __________ we all know, swimming is a very good sport.
A. Which B. That C. As D. Who
4.I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the farm _______ you visited last week.
A. when, where B. which, which C. when ,which D. which, where
5.The radio set_______ last week has gone wrong.
A. I bought it B. which I bought it C. I bought D. what I bought
6. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. them C. that D. which
7.The day will come_______ the people all over the world will win liberation.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
8.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ________ in China.
A. works B. that C. who D. whom
9. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _______ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
10.My glasses, _______ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. with which C. without which D. that
11. He is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned.
A. who B. of whom C. from whom D. whom
12.A harvest is a machine __________ we harvest crops or a person ______ is harvesting.
A. which, who B. that, that C. with which, who D. /, that
13. I have bought the same dress _______ she is wearing.
A. as B.that C. which D. what
14. In the police station I saw the man from ______ room the thief had stolen the TV set.
A. whom B. which C. that D. whose
15. Chaplin, _________ money was now no problem, start a new film company with his friends.
A. whose B. which C. for whom D. who
16. Please put the letter _______he can easily find it.
A.in which B.where C.the place where D.in the place
17.The house________there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.
A.which B.that C.in the front of which D.in front of which
18.Antarctic,_______we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A.which B.where C.that D.about which
19.The reason _______I was away from school is ______I was ill yesterday.
A.that,that B.why,why C.why,that D.that,why
20.It was a meeting______importance I didn’t realize at that time.
A.which B.of which C.that D.whose
21.She was_____I met at the party, ____you knew.
A.who,whom B.whom,who C.the one, as D.the one,whose
22.They have decided to stay at home,_____,I think,____a wise choice.
A.which,are B.which,is C.that,are D.that,is
23.All the apples ____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A.those B.that C.which D.what
24.Did you see the man_____?
A.I nodded just now B.whom I nodded just now
C.whom I nodded to him D.whom I nodded to just now
25.I,____your good friend,will try my best to help you.
A.who is B.who am C.that is D.what is
26.---How do you like the book?
---It’s quite different from _____I read last month.
A.that B.which C.the one what D.the one
27.Is oxgen the only gas ____ helps fire burn?
A.that B./ C.which D.it
28.I’ll tell you ___he told me last week.
A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all
29.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A.to whom B.who C.from whom D. that
30.Willma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track,____ made her mother very happy.
A.it B.that C.which D.this
31.She heard a terrible noise,_____ brought her heart into her mouth.
A.it B,which C.this D.that
32.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____family was poor.
A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose
33.The weather turned out to be very good ,____ was more than we could expect.
A.what B.which C.that D.it
34.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ___ he grew up as a child.
A.which B.where C.that D.when
35.I shall never forget those years ____I lived in the country with the farmers.
A.that B.when C.which D.where
36.Alice received an invitation from her boss ,_____ came as a surprise.
A,it B.that C.which D.he
37.Please pass me yhe notebook _____ cover is red.
A.its B.which C.whose D.of which
38.Li Hua was one of the girls____ the chance,
A.that B.those have C.who have D.who has
39.He is the only one of the boys of his class who _____the piano well.
A.play B.plays C.playing D.are playing
40.Air,______ we breathe every day , is around us all the time.
A.that B.which C.from which D.from that
41.I won’t tell them the news,______ will make them sad.
A.that B.those C.which D.whose
42.Our school has several buildings,the largest one ____ was built last year.
A.there B.of it C.of them D.of which
43.He must be from Africa,______ can be seen from his skin.
A.that Bwhich C.it D.what
44.This is just the city _____ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit____.
A.which;/ B.to which;/ C.that; to D.to that;/
45.On my way home I saw a lady _____ I thought was your aunt.
A. who B. whom C. which D. where
46.We often think of the days_____ we spent together on this island.
A. on which B. in which C. which D. where
47. We often think of the days_____ we work together in this factory.
A. on which B. in which C. which D. where
48.This is the school _______ I worked last year.
This is the school _______ I visited last year.
A. where B. which C. on which D. whose
49. Is this the factory ______ you visited last year?
. Is this factory ______ you visited last year?
A. where B. the one C. that D. in which
50. The two buses______ they came to the park were made in China.
A. on which B. in which C. that D. where
51. It was, of course, just the same with the official______ it has been with the Minister.
A. that B. what C. which D. as
52. I like such a book ______ is printed well.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
53. Keep away from such things _____ will do you harm.
A. as B. that C. which D. to which
54. We hope to get such a tool ____ he is using.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
Keys:1-5 ABCCC 6-10 DDCBC 11-15 CCADC 16-20BDDCD 21-25 CBBDB 26-30 DADAC
31-35 BDBBB 36-40 CCCBB 41-45CDBBA 46C47B48AB49CB50-54BDCAD