高考第二轮复习 定语从句[下学期]
图片预览
文档简介
语法专题7 定语从句
直击高考考点
（1）考情分析
1）定语从句是高考中从未间断的语法点。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择；非限制性定语从句（特别是先行词是整个句子时）；由whose, where, that,as和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
2）定语从句近5年高考共出题达46个，其中06年为11个，05年为15个。
（2）命题预测
未来高考往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实考查定语从句，并考查定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句的区别。
基础知识清单
（1）定语从句的基本结构：
……+先行词+关系代词/关系副词+定语从句其余构成部分+……
（2） 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
（3）that与which, who, whom的用法区别：
情况 用法说明 例句
只用that的情况 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被the only, the very修饰时句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时 1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech 7. Which is the bike that you lost 8. Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
只用which, who, whom的情况 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行词本身是that时，关系词用which先行词为those, one, he等指人的不定代词时时多用who。 1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
（4）as与which的区别：
定语从句 区别 例句
限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
类别 语法意义及特征 例句
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
重点难点突破
I．易错点为as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的异同：
（1）相同点：二者均可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，代表整个主句（或主句的一部分）的内容，放在先行词后面时有时可相互替换。
The earth moves round the sun, as/ which is known to us all.
(2)不同点：
1）as引导的非限制性定语从句主要说明说话人对所说内容的态度、依据或评论，而which引导的非限制性定语从句主要说明一种状况（情况）或结果。
①He was very rude to the Customers office, which of course made things even worse.
②As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
2）as可用于the same… as和such…as之类的固定结构中，并在从句中作主语、表语、状语，而which不可。
①I shall do it in the same way as you did.
②I want to have such a dictionary as he has.
3)as有“正如……那样”，“正像……”之意，which则没有此含义。
They won the game, as we had expected.
4）as位置灵活，其引导的从句可以放在主句前面、中间或后面，which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。
①As we all know, he studies very hard.
②The experiment is very important, as indeed it is.
③English, as we all know, is not easy to learn.
类似插入语的句式有：as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is , as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper.
II．“the same…as与the same …that”的区别：
as引导的定语从句其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”，指同类事物；that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”， 指同一事物。
①这枝笔和我昨天丢的笔一样。
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(=This the same kind of pen as I lost yesterday.
②这就是我昨天丢的笔。
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(=This the very pen that I lost yesterday.)
III．关系副词where的用法
英语考试中关系副词where常成为中国学生的难点，其先行词由最初的具体的地点，逐渐转为“地占模糊化”。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人或物的situation,或某事所发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。一些名词如point（点）可以指抽象概念，既能表时间，也能表地点，后面可以接when引导的定语从句，也可以接where 引导的定语从句。
如：The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.
事情发展到这个程度，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。
方法技巧点拨
（1）方法与技巧
1）学习定语从句应达到的能力要求：
①掌握各种从句的基本知识；
②能够区别两种性质不同的从句：形容词性从句和名词性从句。
③能够掌握定语从句中各关系代词、关系副词的习惯用法；
④能够区别定语从句与其它名词性从句的差异。
2）解题思路：②通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；②题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；③观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质；④确定从句性质后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而做出取舍；⑤注意标点符号和并列连词（and, but）的作用；⑥将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。
3）突破方法：
①定语从句和名词性从句是英语语法学习中的一大难关。从某种意义上来说，这些从句的学习是整个英语学习过程中的一个瓶颈。能否突破这个瓶颈是否继续深入学习、研究的关键。所以，You can’t pay too much attention to the adjective clause and noun clause.
②从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的英语思维能力。如果不能形成这种思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题，大量失误是在所难免的。因此，在平日的阅读过程中，碰到从句的时候，要停下来，想一想它的功能和意义。
③加强对非限制性定语从句和名词性从句的学日的学习过程中，经过认真思考之后，将典型的从句分门别类、整理建档，以备考前复习巩固。
(2)解题注意点
学习定语从句的重点是正确掌握关联词的用法
1）关联词的双重作用：起连接主句和从句的作用；它代表主句中被修饰的字在从句中重现，并在从句中充当一个成分。这双重 “身份”是定语从句关联词的独特之处。也是识别定语从句的关键。
2）据此，关联词的选择要根据以下两项之和，即①被修饰词是什么；②在从句中充当什么成分；还要考虑逻辑上的合理性。
高考真题练习
1. (’06北京,31) Women_____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ______ don’t.
A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D./; /
2. (’06天津,12)The Beatles, ______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what B. that C. how D. as
3. (’06重庆,34) I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ______ she had come.
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
4. (’06湖南,30) We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
5. (06江西,33)——Do you have anything to say for yourselves
——Yes，there's one point _________ we must insist on．
A．why B．where C．how D．/
6. (’06福建,22)Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
7. (06浙江,13) I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
8. (06江苏,29) The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
9. (06陕西,8) She was educated at Beijing University, ________ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
10. (06山东,26) We’re just trying to teach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
参考答案：
1．C．句意：每天喝两杯以上咖啡的女性比不喝咖啡的女性更容易患上心脏病。此题首先分析句子结构，由句意可知是将喝咖啡与不喝咖啡的女性作比较，所以women和those后各带一定语从句。根据关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略这一规则，不难判断出选项C为正确答案。
2．D．句意：正如我们大多数人所能记住的那样，the Beatles来自Liverpool。as引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替The Beatles came from Liverpool这一整个句子。
3．D．句意：黑暗中我看到一个妇女朝我跑来，我不觉 没来得及认出她是谁，她就朝来时的方向跑了回去。此题考查介词+关系代词which引导的定语从句，先行词为direction，代入后面的定语从句为she had come from the direction。故选D。
4．B．句意：我们看到几个当地人朝我们走来，其中一个人来到我们面前，我们给他一些铃铛和眼镜。此题考查的是定语从句，其先行词为one of them，指人且在从句中做宾语，当把介词提前，指人时应该用 whom，故选B。
5．D．句意：----你自己还有什么要说的吗？----是的，有一点我们必须坚持。此题将定语从句置于情景交际中进行考查。先行词point在从句中作insist on的宾语。关系词只能是关系代词。依此可排除A、B、C个关系副词。另外，关系代词在从句中做宾语可略，故选D。
6．A．句意：注意！不要离屋顶正在维修的那幢房子太近。Whose在题中引导定语从句。先行词“house”与从句中“roof”构成所属关系，即the house’s roof 。故选取whose作为关系代词。
7．B． 本题考查定语从句用法，先行词为books，代入定语从句为：really enjoyed the first of the books.
8．D．句意：那家电影院的主人需要大胆创新并雇用更多的人来使影院运转，这意味着要花费数万英镑。此处是非限制性定语从句，不能用that；as“正像，正如”不符合题意。故选D。
9．句意：她在北京大学学习，之后又到国外去深造。此题是对定语从句的考查，which指的是上句整个句子的意思，介词之后要用which而不能用that。
10．A．句意：我们正在试图找到双方（都能接受的条件，从而使他们）能坐在一起谈判。此题主要考查point（点）的抽象概念，它既能表时间，也能表地点，后面可以接when引导的定语从句，也可以接where 引导的定语从句。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人或物的situation,或某事所发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。
如：The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.
事情发展到这个程度，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。
考能提升训练
1. (’04全国II)There were dirty marks on her trousers_____ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
2. (’04全国I) The English play______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
3. (’03全国)The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when C. where
4. (NMET 2001) ______ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
5. (NMET 2000) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____ of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
6. What surprised me was not what he said but _________ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
7. (’05全国I)I have many friends, ______ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
8. ----Why does she always ask you for help
----There is no one else_______, is there
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
9. Culture refers to a group or community ______ we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world.
A. with which B. that C. which D. what
10. America has more than fifty states, ____ Kentucky, is the place ______ Abraham Lincoln was born.
A. one of them; where B. one of which; where C. one of that; which D. one of which; which
11. Earth is a rocky planet _____ liquid water, which is necessary for life, can exist.
A. as B. which C. where D. when
12. Who is the girl _____ is hurrying school
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
13. There are different ways _______ people try to deal with the problem of energy shortage.
A. where B. which C. how D. in which
14. This book is very interesting. Where did you buy it It will buy the same book______ you have bought.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
15. (07徐州一质测) The problem with traffic crowdedness in the city put forward at the meeting,______ the government takes into account, is of great importance.
A. what B. where C. which D. as
16. (07宜昌一调) After graduation from a music college she followed one of her friends and reached Hong Kong in 1995, ________ , some time later, she became a great singer.
A. during that B. where C. which D. of whom
27．(07南京质测)In that country，August 31st is a national festival ________ everyone，men and women，old and young，sings and dances happily in the streets.
A．where B．when C．that D．as
参考答案：
1． A。此处考查定语从句，the trousers是先行词，是“擦拭手的地方”，在定语从句作地点状语，应用where来引导。
2. D。act in the English play在英语戏剧中扮演角色。
3. C。the hours为先行词，可在从句I was taken care of in that far-away village中做时间状语，用关系副词when即可。
4. B。as is known to all是众所周知。
5. B。用which代替前面整个句子，作非限制性定语从句made the others unhappy.的主语。
6. A。句意：让我生气的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。空格后的从句未用引导词，the way作先行词时就常这样省略引导词，也可用that, in which。
7. D。句意：我有很多朋友，其中有些是商人。正确的表达方法可以是：I have many friends, of whom some are businessmen.或I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen. 若选A，不符合英语的句型结构，选B、C则明显错误。故选D。
8. B。此处用到了turn to sb.
9. A。 根据词组share…with(与……分享)可知先行词a group or community在定语从句中做with的宾语。注意experiences 后接了一个定语从句。
10．B．从空前的句号可知，其后应为一从句，前有先行词，故应为一定语从句，排除A、C，因为第二空代替的是at the place，故用where.
11．C．此题考查定语从句，先行词a rocky planet指地点，且引导词在从句中做地点状语，所以C正确。
12．C．主语是以who开头的特殊疑问，用关系代词that引导定语从句。
13．D．in which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词ways。当way作“方式”解时，后面的定语从句可用三种形式表示。如：
我不喜欢她讲话的方式。可有三种说法：
I don’t like the way she speaks.
I don’t like the way that she speaks.
I don’t like the way in which she speaks.
14．B．the same…as强调“相似性”，而the same…that 强调“同一性”。如：To my surprise, I did find the same wallet that I had lost the day before. 令我感到吃惊的是，我竟然找到了我前一天丢失的钱包。
15．C．句意：会议上所提出的有关城市交通拥挤的问题很重要，这是政府要考虑的。空白处需填一个关系代词来充当take…into account的宾语，故选C。
16．B．
17．B．
直击高考考点
（1）考情分析
1）定语从句是高考中从未间断的语法点。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择；非限制性定语从句（特别是先行词是整个句子时）；由whose, where, that,as和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
2）定语从句近5年高考共出题达46个，其中06年为11个，05年为15个。
（2）命题预测
未来高考往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实考查定语从句，并考查定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句的区别。
基础知识清单
（1）定语从句的基本结构：
……+先行词+关系代词/关系副词+定语从句其余构成部分+……
（2） 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
（3）that与which, who, whom的用法区别：
情况 用法说明 例句
只用that的情况 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被the only, the very修饰时句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时 1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech 7. Which is the bike that you lost 8. Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
只用which, who, whom的情况 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行词本身是that时，关系词用which先行词为those, one, he等指人的不定代词时时多用who。 1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
（4）as与which的区别：
定语从句 区别 例句
限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
类别 语法意义及特征 例句
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
重点难点突破
I．易错点为as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的异同：
（1）相同点：二者均可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，代表整个主句（或主句的一部分）的内容，放在先行词后面时有时可相互替换。
The earth moves round the sun, as/ which is known to us all.
(2)不同点：
1）as引导的非限制性定语从句主要说明说话人对所说内容的态度、依据或评论，而which引导的非限制性定语从句主要说明一种状况（情况）或结果。
①He was very rude to the Customers office, which of course made things even worse.
②As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
2）as可用于the same… as和such…as之类的固定结构中，并在从句中作主语、表语、状语，而which不可。
①I shall do it in the same way as you did.
②I want to have such a dictionary as he has.
3)as有“正如……那样”，“正像……”之意，which则没有此含义。
They won the game, as we had expected.
4）as位置灵活，其引导的从句可以放在主句前面、中间或后面，which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。
①As we all know, he studies very hard.
②The experiment is very important, as indeed it is.
③English, as we all know, is not easy to learn.
类似插入语的句式有：as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is , as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper.
II．“the same…as与the same …that”的区别：
as引导的定语从句其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”，指同类事物；that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”， 指同一事物。
①这枝笔和我昨天丢的笔一样。
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(=This the same kind of pen as I lost yesterday.
②这就是我昨天丢的笔。
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(=This the very pen that I lost yesterday.)
III．关系副词where的用法
英语考试中关系副词where常成为中国学生的难点，其先行词由最初的具体的地点，逐渐转为“地占模糊化”。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人或物的situation,或某事所发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。一些名词如point（点）可以指抽象概念，既能表时间，也能表地点，后面可以接when引导的定语从句，也可以接where 引导的定语从句。
如：The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.
事情发展到这个程度，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。
方法技巧点拨
（1）方法与技巧
1）学习定语从句应达到的能力要求：
①掌握各种从句的基本知识；
②能够区别两种性质不同的从句：形容词性从句和名词性从句。
③能够掌握定语从句中各关系代词、关系副词的习惯用法；
④能够区别定语从句与其它名词性从句的差异。
2）解题思路：②通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；②题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；③观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质；④确定从句性质后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而做出取舍；⑤注意标点符号和并列连词（and, but）的作用；⑥将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。
3）突破方法：
①定语从句和名词性从句是英语语法学习中的一大难关。从某种意义上来说，这些从句的学习是整个英语学习过程中的一个瓶颈。能否突破这个瓶颈是否继续深入学习、研究的关键。所以，You can’t pay too much attention to the adjective clause and noun clause.
②从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的英语思维能力。如果不能形成这种思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题，大量失误是在所难免的。因此，在平日的阅读过程中，碰到从句的时候，要停下来，想一想它的功能和意义。
③加强对非限制性定语从句和名词性从句的学日的学习过程中，经过认真思考之后，将典型的从句分门别类、整理建档，以备考前复习巩固。
(2)解题注意点
学习定语从句的重点是正确掌握关联词的用法
1）关联词的双重作用：起连接主句和从句的作用；它代表主句中被修饰的字在从句中重现，并在从句中充当一个成分。这双重 “身份”是定语从句关联词的独特之处。也是识别定语从句的关键。
2）据此，关联词的选择要根据以下两项之和，即①被修饰词是什么；②在从句中充当什么成分；还要考虑逻辑上的合理性。
高考真题练习
1. (’06北京,31) Women_____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ______ don’t.
A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D./; /
2. (’06天津,12)The Beatles, ______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what B. that C. how D. as
3. (’06重庆,34) I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ______ she had come.
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
4. (’06湖南,30) We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
5. (06江西,33)——Do you have anything to say for yourselves
——Yes，there's one point _________ we must insist on．
A．why B．where C．how D．/
6. (’06福建,22)Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
7. (06浙江,13) I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
8. (06江苏,29) The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
9. (06陕西,8) She was educated at Beijing University, ________ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
10. (06山东,26) We’re just trying to teach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
参考答案：
1．C．句意：每天喝两杯以上咖啡的女性比不喝咖啡的女性更容易患上心脏病。此题首先分析句子结构，由句意可知是将喝咖啡与不喝咖啡的女性作比较，所以women和those后各带一定语从句。根据关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略这一规则，不难判断出选项C为正确答案。
2．D．句意：正如我们大多数人所能记住的那样，the Beatles来自Liverpool。as引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替The Beatles came from Liverpool这一整个句子。
3．D．句意：黑暗中我看到一个妇女朝我跑来，我不觉 没来得及认出她是谁，她就朝来时的方向跑了回去。此题考查介词+关系代词which引导的定语从句，先行词为direction，代入后面的定语从句为she had come from the direction。故选D。
4．B．句意：我们看到几个当地人朝我们走来，其中一个人来到我们面前，我们给他一些铃铛和眼镜。此题考查的是定语从句，其先行词为one of them，指人且在从句中做宾语，当把介词提前，指人时应该用 whom，故选B。
5．D．句意：----你自己还有什么要说的吗？----是的，有一点我们必须坚持。此题将定语从句置于情景交际中进行考查。先行词point在从句中作insist on的宾语。关系词只能是关系代词。依此可排除A、B、C个关系副词。另外，关系代词在从句中做宾语可略，故选D。
6．A．句意：注意！不要离屋顶正在维修的那幢房子太近。Whose在题中引导定语从句。先行词“house”与从句中“roof”构成所属关系，即the house’s roof 。故选取whose作为关系代词。
7．B． 本题考查定语从句用法，先行词为books，代入定语从句为：really enjoyed the first of the books.
8．D．句意：那家电影院的主人需要大胆创新并雇用更多的人来使影院运转，这意味着要花费数万英镑。此处是非限制性定语从句，不能用that；as“正像，正如”不符合题意。故选D。
9．句意：她在北京大学学习，之后又到国外去深造。此题是对定语从句的考查，which指的是上句整个句子的意思，介词之后要用which而不能用that。
10．A．句意：我们正在试图找到双方（都能接受的条件，从而使他们）能坐在一起谈判。此题主要考查point（点）的抽象概念，它既能表时间，也能表地点，后面可以接when引导的定语从句，也可以接where 引导的定语从句。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人或物的situation,或某事所发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。
如：The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.
事情发展到这个程度，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。
考能提升训练
1. (’04全国II)There were dirty marks on her trousers_____ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
2. (’04全国I) The English play______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
3. (’03全国)The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when C. where
4. (NMET 2001) ______ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
5. (NMET 2000) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____ of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
6. What surprised me was not what he said but _________ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
7. (’05全国I)I have many friends, ______ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
8. ----Why does she always ask you for help
----There is no one else_______, is there
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
9. Culture refers to a group or community ______ we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world.
A. with which B. that C. which D. what
10. America has more than fifty states, ____ Kentucky, is the place ______ Abraham Lincoln was born.
A. one of them; where B. one of which; where C. one of that; which D. one of which; which
11. Earth is a rocky planet _____ liquid water, which is necessary for life, can exist.
A. as B. which C. where D. when
12. Who is the girl _____ is hurrying school
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
13. There are different ways _______ people try to deal with the problem of energy shortage.
A. where B. which C. how D. in which
14. This book is very interesting. Where did you buy it It will buy the same book______ you have bought.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
15. (07徐州一质测) The problem with traffic crowdedness in the city put forward at the meeting,______ the government takes into account, is of great importance.
A. what B. where C. which D. as
16. (07宜昌一调) After graduation from a music college she followed one of her friends and reached Hong Kong in 1995, ________ , some time later, she became a great singer.
A. during that B. where C. which D. of whom
27．(07南京质测)In that country，August 31st is a national festival ________ everyone，men and women，old and young，sings and dances happily in the streets.
A．where B．when C．that D．as
参考答案：
1． A。此处考查定语从句，the trousers是先行词，是“擦拭手的地方”，在定语从句作地点状语，应用where来引导。
2. D。act in the English play在英语戏剧中扮演角色。
3. C。the hours为先行词，可在从句I was taken care of in that far-away village中做时间状语，用关系副词when即可。
4. B。as is known to all是众所周知。
5. B。用which代替前面整个句子，作非限制性定语从句made the others unhappy.的主语。
6. A。句意：让我生气的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。空格后的从句未用引导词，the way作先行词时就常这样省略引导词，也可用that, in which。
7. D。句意：我有很多朋友，其中有些是商人。正确的表达方法可以是：I have many friends, of whom some are businessmen.或I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen. 若选A，不符合英语的句型结构，选B、C则明显错误。故选D。
8. B。此处用到了turn to sb.
9. A。 根据词组share…with(与……分享)可知先行词a group or community在定语从句中做with的宾语。注意experiences 后接了一个定语从句。
10．B．从空前的句号可知，其后应为一从句，前有先行词，故应为一定语从句，排除A、C，因为第二空代替的是at the place，故用where.
11．C．此题考查定语从句，先行词a rocky planet指地点，且引导词在从句中做地点状语，所以C正确。
12．C．主语是以who开头的特殊疑问，用关系代词that引导定语从句。
13．D．in which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词ways。当way作“方式”解时，后面的定语从句可用三种形式表示。如：
我不喜欢她讲话的方式。可有三种说法：
I don’t like the way she speaks.
I don’t like the way that she speaks.
I don’t like the way in which she speaks.
14．B．the same…as强调“相似性”，而the same…that 强调“同一性”。如：To my surprise, I did find the same wallet that I had lost the day before. 令我感到吃惊的是，我竟然找到了我前一天丢失的钱包。
15．C．句意：会议上所提出的有关城市交通拥挤的问题很重要，这是政府要考虑的。空白处需填一个关系代词来充当take…into account的宾语，故选C。
16．B．
17．B．