Book 1 Unit1 Friendship direct speech and indirect speech[上学期]

高一unit 1语法-----------直接引语和间接引语 ( http: / / download. / view.aspx id=196437" \t "_blank )
Direct Speech & Indirect Speech
Definition
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
直接引语:
直接引用别人的原话(两边用引号“ ”标出)
间接引语:
用自己的语言转述别人的话(不需要引号)
直接引语转换为间接引语时，…要有变化，如何变化呢
句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化
(一)人称的转变
He said, “I am very sorry. ”
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight. ”
“You should be more careful next time, ” my father told me.
He said that he was very sorry.
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
(二)时态的转换
“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ”
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV ”
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Conclusion
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态 :
一般现在时? 一般过去时
现在进行时? 过去进行时
现在完成时? 过去完成时
一般将来时? 过去将来时
一般过去时? 过去完成时
过去完成时? 不变
过去进行时? 不变
(三)时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
Now…then
Today…that day
Yesterday…the day before
last week(month)..the week(month)before
Tomorrow…the next(following)day
next year…the year before
two days ago…two days before
This…that
These…those
Here…there
Come…go
Bring…take
(四) 从句时态无须改变的情况
He always says, “I am tired out. ”
He always says that he is tired out.
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you. ”
He will say that he will try his best to help me.
He said, “I went to college in 1994. ”
He told us that he went to college in 1994.
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ”
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ”
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
He said，“Practice makes perfect. ”
He said that practice makes perfect.
He said, “She must be a teacher. ”
He said that she must be a teacher.
The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water. ”
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
Conclusion
1. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候
2. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候
3. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时
4. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时
5. 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时
6. 当引语是谚语、格言时
7. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时
(五)直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
陈述句
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ”
He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ”
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.
用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that
一般疑问句
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation ”
He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you ”
He asked whether I was interested in English.
间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序
特殊疑问句
He said to me，“What's your name ”
He asked me what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country ”
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序
选择疑问句
He asked, “Do you speak English or French ”
He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train ”
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…
祈使句
如果直接引语是祈使句，间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改，即改为：tell (ask, order, warn, advise等) sb. (not) to do sth. 如：
The policeman said to the children, “Don’t play football in the street.”
The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.
“Listen to me carefully, please.” the teacher said to us.
The teacher told us to listen to him carefully.
【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了please, 在间接引语中必须省略。
感叹句
如果直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，用what, how或that来引述。如：
“What a beautiful house it is!” he said to me.
He told me what a beautiful house it was.
He told me that it was a beautiful house.
直接引语与间接引语专练
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. He asked me ________ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how
2. —Joyce, please don’t open the window.
—Pardon
—I ______ open the window.
A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to
C. told you didn’t D. told you not to
3. He _____ they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus.
A. said that if B. asked if
C. asked whether D. said that whether
4. He asked _______ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much I paid
D. how much did I pay
5. The teacher asked us ______ so much noise. (北京2003)
A. don’t make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
6. The doctor asked me what _______ with me.
A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was
7. He asked the boy where _______.
A. his mother was B. was his mother
C. his mother is D. is his mother
8. They said at last that they _______ better start out at once.
A. had had B. had C. had been D. was
9. The teacher said that doubt _______ the key of knowledge.
A. were B. are C. was D. is
10. The actor said he _______ born in 1984.
A. was B. is C. be D. had been
II. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语，间接引语变为直接引语。
1. Mr. Stone said, “May I have a cup of tea ”
Mr. Stone ______________________.
2. The nurse said, “Let the children wash their hands themselves.”
The nurse ______________________.
3. My uncle said, “Do not open the window.”
My uncle _______________________.
4. John asked Mary, “ What do you know about the sea ”
John asked Mary ________________.
5. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
The teacher said that _____________.
6. The teacher told Tom to be careful with his pronunciation.
_______________________________.
7. She asked me to open the door.
_______________________________.
8. My mother advised me to have a good rest.
_______________________________.
9. Peter asked me when I would leave Athens.
_______________________________.
10. He asked me how I was getting along with my studies then.
______________________________.
直接引语间接引语Key:
I. 1-5 BDACD 6-10 DABDA
II. 1. Mr. Stone asked if / whether he might have a cup of tea.
2. The nurse suggested (that) the children (should) wash their hands themselves.
3. My uncle told us not to open the window.
4. John asked Mary what she knew about the sea.
5. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
6. The teacher said, “Be careful with your pronunciation, Tom.”
7. “Would you please open the door ” she asked.
8. “Why not have a good rest ” my mother said to me.
9. “When will you leave Athens ” Peter asked me.
10. He asked me, “How are you getting along with your studies now ”