Unit??13?????Healthy?eating 本单元重点单词 decision??n.?决定??????????junk??n.?垃圾;废物;毒品(俚语)????? contain?vt.?包含;容纳 vitamin??n.?维生素????????stomach??n.?胃?????????????????????????hurt?v.?疼痛;伤害 patient???n.?病人??????????cough??v.?&?n.?咳嗽?????????????????????pain?n.?&?vt.?疼 ripe?adj.?(水果)熟的?????????knee??n.?膝????????????????????????????exam?n.?检查;考试 energy?n.?能量?????????????fuel?n.?燃料????????????????????????????traditional?adj.?传统的 diet?n.?节食???????????????calorie?n.?卡路思,卡(热量单位)????????????offer?vt.?提供;给予 protein?n.?蛋白质???????????muscle?n.?肌肉?????????????????????????calcium?n.?钙 carbohydrate?n.?碳水化合物??nutrient?n.?营养物???????????????????????fun_ction?n.?作用;机能 fibre?n.?纤维???????????????mineral?n.?矿物质???????????????????????pills?n.?药丸 balanced?adj.?平衡的????????include?vt.?包括?????????????????????????amount?n.?(数)量 supplement?n.?补充物???????challenge?n.?挑战????????????????????????opportunity?n.?机会 snack?n.?小吃苦耐劳????????equipment?n.?设备???????????????????????fold?vt.?折叠 本单元重点短语 give?advice?on?就……提(意见)建议????????????????????????make?suggestions提建议 make?a?list?of?列出一张……单子??????????????????????????have?a?fever发烧 make?up?编(拟定);创设??????????????????????????????????all?the?time?一直 be?careful?with?小心(留神)?……???????????????????????????be?all?right正常;康复 in?the?future将来????????????????????????????????????????lie?down躺下 plenty?of大量的?????????????????????????????????????????a?bar?of?chocolate?一块巧克力糖 一、精彩回放 (一)重点单词 1.?hurt 【用法一】vt.?痛 例如:I?got?a?fall?just?now,?and?my?knee?hurts?a?lot. 我刚才摔了一跤,现在我的膝盖痛极了。 【用法二】vt.?使痛;伤害 例如:He?hurt?his?left?leg?in?the?physical?education?lesson. 在体育课上他把自己的左腿给弄伤了。 【用法三】vt.?伤害(情感等) 例1::Her?words?hurt?me?a?lot. 她的话很伤我的心。 例2:Your?words?hurt?her?feelings. 你的话伤了她的感情。 【用法四】hurt?n.?伤害 例如:It?was?a?severe?hurt?to?his?pride. 那对他的自尊心是个严重的创伤。 【相关链接】 hurtful?adj.?有害的 例如:Eating?too?much?is?hurtful?to?health. 吃得太多有损健康。 2.?contain? 【用法一】vt.?包含;含有 例1:This?kind?of?plant?contains?lots?of?water. 这种植物含有丰富的水分。 例2:The?atlas?contains?twenty?maps. 这本地图册由20幅地图集成。 【用法二】vt.?等于(be?equal?to).?折合 例如:A?gallon?contains?eight?pints. 1加仑等于8品脱。 【用法二】 container?n.?容器 例如:Is?the?container?large?enough?for?that? 这个容器能装得下那东西吗? 3.?equipment 【用法】n.?[U]?设备;装备 例1:The?equipment?of?our?school?lab?took?a?lot?of?time?and?money. 装备我们学校的实验室花了很多时间和资金。 例2:He?offered?us?a?new?piece?of?equipment. 他给我们捐助了一件新设备。 例3:This?is?a?shoe?factory?with?modern?equipment. 这是家制鞋厂配有现代化设备的鞋厂。 【相关链接】equip?vt.?装备;配备 例1:Our?army?is?equipped?with?modern?weapons. 我们的军队已经配备了现代化的武器。 例2:Everyone,?equip?yourself?for?the?task. 大家注意啦,把东西准备好,去干吧。 (二)重要词组 1.?give?advice?on… give?advice?on?…就……提出意见(看法) 例1:Please?give?me?some?advice?on?my?English?learning. 请对我的英语学习提出一些意见。 例2:Marx?gave?some?advice?on?how?to?learn?a?foreign?language. 马克思对如何学习外语提出了自己的看法。 2.make?suggestions make?suggestions?提出建议 例如:He?was?asked?to?make?suggestions?for?their?experiment. 他们请他对他们的实验提出一些建议。 3.all?the?time all?the?time?一直 例如:They?went?on?well?with?their?research?all?the?time. 他们的研究一直进展顺利。 4.be?careful?with be?careful?with留神;小心 例如:You?should?be?careful?with?your?spelling. 你在拼写方面应当仔细一些。 【相关链接】 1)?be?careful?小心;留神 例1:Be?careful?not?to?make?the?same?mistake?again. 小心别再犯同样的错误。 例2:Be?careful?with?what?you?are?doing. 留神一点,别出差错。 2)?be?careful?of当心 例如:Don’t?drink?too?much.?Be?careful?of?your?health. 别喝太多了,当心你的身体。 3)?be?careless?in?在……方面粗心大意 例如:He?is?always?careless?in?his?work. 他在工作中老是粗心大意。 5.?keep?up?with keep?up?with?与……保持一致;跟上 例1:I?have?to?work?hard?to?keep?up?with?my?classmates. 为了跟上我的同学,我必须努力学习。 例2:Dad,?please?slow?down?a?bit.?I?can’t?keep?up?with?you. 爸,请您走慢一点;我跟不上您了。 【相关链接】 1)?keep?up?保持(高昂的气势等) 例1:Class,?let’s?keep?up?our?high?spirits?in?our?studies?for?the?coming?exam. 同学们,让我们继续保持良好的学习势头,迎接考试。 例2:Prices?still?keep?up. 物价仍然高居不下。 例3:I?really?hope?that?such?nice?weather?will?keep?up. 我真希望这样的好天气能再持续下去。 2)?keep?out?(使……)不进入 例1:Danger!?Keep?out! 危险!不要入内! 例2:They?shut?all?the?windows?to?keep?out?the?cold?air. 他们将窗子全关上了,不让冷空气入室。 3)?keep?off?使不靠近 ??例1:They?made?a?fire?to?keep?off?wild?animals. 他们生了一堆火来驱赶野畜。 ??例2:They?put?up?a?notice?in?the?garden,?saying,?“Keep?off”. ???他们在花园里是竖起一块牌子,上面写着“匆踏草地”。 4)??keep?away?(from…)使远离;不接近 例1:You?must?keep?the?children?away?from?the?pool. 你一定不要让那些孩子靠近水池。 ??例2:What?kept?you?away?yesterday? ????你昨天怎么没有来? 6.make?(many)?choices make?(many)?choices?作出(许多)抉择 例1:We?should?learn?how?to?make?choices. 我们应当学会如何作出选择。 例2:She?has?made?a?good?choice?to?marry?him. 她决定嫁给他是一个好的选择。 7.be?good?for be?good?for?对……有好处 例1:Doing?more?exercises?is?good?for?your?health. 多做体操对你的身体健康有益。 例2:Eating?apples?is?good?for?your?brain. 吃苹果对你的大脑有益。 【相关链接】 1)?be?good?at?擅长…… 例如:My?seatmate?is?good?at?playing?computer?games. 我的同桌很会玩电脑游戏。 2)?do?good?to?对……有好处 例如:Eating?more?vegetables?does?good?to?your?health. 多吃蔬菜有益于你的健康。 8.bass…?on bass?…on?建立在……基础上;以……为根据 例1:His?theory?is?based?on?many?experiments. 他的理论是建立在多次实验基础上的。 例2:I?based?my?hopes?for?that?on?(upon)?the?news?we?had?yesterday. 我对那个抱着希望是以我们昨天所得到的消息为根据的。 9.be?harmful?(to) be?harmful?(to?)?(对……)有害 例1:Smoking?is?harmful?to?your?health. 吸烟有害于你的健康。 例2:Reading?in?bed?is?harmful?to?your?eyesight. 躺在床上看书对你的视力有害。 【相关链接】 1)?do?harm?to?对……有害 例1:Eating?a?lot?and?exercising?little?do?harm?to?your?health. 吃得多而锻炼少对你的健康有害。 例2:That?kind?of?work?does?much?harm?to?workers’?lungs. 那种工作对工人的肺部健康有极大的损害。 例3:It?will?do?you?no?harm. 这对你无害。 例4:There’s?no?harm?in?your?staying?up?late?occasionally. 你偶尔迟睡无伤大雅。 2)?harm?vt.?伤害 例如:Years?of?hard?work?harmed?her?a?lot. 多年的劳累对她的身体伤害很大。 10.choose?from choose?from?从……中选择 例1:The?teacher?chose?three?from?us?boys?to?do?the?job. 老师从我们男生中选了三个同学去做那件事。 例2:There’re?three?topics?from?which?you?may?choose?one?to?write?your?composition. 有三个标题,你们可以从中任选一个来写作文。 【相关链接】 1)?take?one’s?choice?任某人自行选择 例如:There’re?many?kinds?of?toys.?Take?your?choice,?Tom. 有多种玩具。汤姆,你自己随便挑一件吧。 2)?one’s?choice?所选定的人或物 例1:?“He’s?my?choice,?Dad,”?said?the?girl?shyly. “爸,他就是我的意中人。”那姑娘腼腆地说。 例2:That’s?my?choice. 我就要那个了。(那就是我的选择。) 11.be?prepared?for be?prepared?for?为……做好了准备 例1:We?are?prepared?for?the?coming?test. 我们已做好了迎考准备。 例2:Are?you?all?prepared?for?the?performance? 你们都做好了演出的准备工作吗? 【相关链接】 1)?prepare?…?for?…?为……做准备 例1:The?hostess?has?prepared?everything?for?the?guests. 女主人为迎接客人做好了充分的准备。 例2:We?have?to?prepare?ourselves?for?the?school?sports?meet. 我们必须为参加校运会做好充分的准备。 2)?be?ready?for?为……做好了准备 例1:Are?you?ready?(for?the?dictation)? 你们(为听写)准备好了吗? 例2:I’m?always?ready?for?my?motherland. 为了祖国的利益,我时刻准备着。 3)?get?ready?for把……准备好 例1:Get?the?room?ready?for?our?meeting,?Mary. 玛莉,去把房间收拾一下,我们要开个会议。 例2:Why?not?get?yourself?ready?for?the?final?test,?Jim? 吉姆,怎么不去为期末考试准备一下呢? 12.be?short?of be?short?of?缺少…… 例1:We?are?short?of?workforce?and?money?for?the?project. 进行这项工程,我们还缺少劳力和资金。 例2:The?crops?are?short?of?water,?for?it?hasn’t?rained?for?days. 这些农作物缺水,因为有好些日子没有下雨了。 【相关链接】 in?short?简言之;一言以蔽之 例1:In?short,?Mr.?White?has?devoted?so?much?to?our?school. 简言之,怀特先生为我校做出了太我的奉献。 例2:In?short,?we?should?depend?on?ourselves?in?our?studies. 简言之,在学习方面我们得依靠自己才行。 13.stay?fit?and?healthy stay?fit?and?healthy?保持健康状况 例1:Father?does?morning?exercises?every?day?so?as?to?stay?fit?and?healthy. 为了身体健康,父亲天天做早操。 例2:Good?diet?helps?you?stay?fit?and?healthy. 良好的饮食习惯能使你保持健康。 【相关链接】 1)?keep?fit?保持健康 例1:Being?a?student,?you?should?study?well,?keep?fit?and?work?hard. 作为学生,你应当努力做到学习好,身体好,劳动好。 例2:Mum?often?dances?to?keep?fit. 妈妈常跳跳舞来保持形体匀称。 2)?stay?up?熬夜(读书、工作等) 例1:He?stayed?up?reading?till?midnight. 他读书直到半夜。 例2:Never?stay?up,?especially?before?an?important?test. 不要开夜车,尤其是在大考前不要这样。
高一下Unit 14 Festivals
本单元重点单词
festival n. 节日 custom n. 风俗习惯 habit n. 习惯
symbol n. 象征 describe v. 描述 favorite adj. 喜欢的
fight n. 战斗 crime n. 犯罪 allow vt. 允许
argument n. 争辩 celebrate v. 庆祝 major adj. 主要的
create vt. 创造 ancestor n. 古人;前辈 characteristic n. 特征
principle n. 原则 community n. 社区;团体 self-determination n. 自我作决定
solve vt. 解决 faith n. 真诚 lit v. 点燃(过去式)
theme n. 主题 generation n. 一代人 salute v. 向……致敬
reminder n. 提醒 occasion n. 时机 fool vt. 愚弄;捉弄
本单元重点短语
compare with 与……进行比较 make others happy 使他人幸福快乐
learn about 了解 spend on 在……方面花费
so that 以便 speak for 为……说话
the spirit of ……的精神 commercial activities 商业活动
by giving away 以放弃……的方式 have got to 必须
instead of 替代 get out of the car 下车
get off 下车 take off one's hat 摘下礼帽
look into the eyes 直视(某人的)眼睛 shake hands with sb. 与某人握手
make friends with 与……交朋友 the living and the dead 生者和死者
the cycle of life 生命周期 play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
一、精彩回放
(一)重点单词
1.describe
【用法】vt. 描述;描绘
例1:The police asked the lady to describe what she had seen.
警察要那位女士把她当时所见的一切描述一番。
例2:The leader of the workers described a bright future for the workers.
那位领袖向那些工人们描绘了一幅美好未来的景象。
【相关链接】
description n. 描写;描述;形容
例1:She's given a vivid description of her beautiful village.
她如实地把自己美丽的村庄进行了一番描述。
例2:The scenery was beautiful beyond my description.
那景致美得我难以形容。
例3:Can you give a description of the robber?
你能说出那抢劫犯的模样吗?
2.Favourite
【用法一】adj. 最受欢迎的;最令人喜爱的
例1:Her favourite food is fish.
她最喜欢的食物是鱼。
例2:What's your favourite subject?
你最喜欢哪一门学科?
【用法二】n. 最受喜爱的(人或物)
例1:The secretary is the favourite of the chief manager.
那位秘书是总经理的宠儿。
例2:The dog is my grandma's favourite.
那条狗备受我奶奶的宠爱。
【相关链接】
1)favour n. 恩宠;关爱
例1:With her boss's favour, she's always putting her nose up.
因为有了她的老板宠着,她总是摆出一副趾高气扬的样子。
例2:The old teacher is high in his students' favour.
那位老教师深受她的学生敬爱。
2)favour vt. 偏袒;对……有利
例1:A teacher should not favour any of his students.
老师不应当偏袒任何一个学生。
例2:Could you favour us with another song?
请你再给我们唱一首歌,好吗?
例3:The weather favoured our journey.
天气好,使得我们旅行非常顺利。
3)in sb.'s favour 对某人有利
例如:The situation is in our favour (=in favour of us ).
形势对我们有利。
4)do sb. a favour (=ask a favour of sb.)帮某人一个忙
例1:Could you do me a favour, sir?
先生,您能帮我一下吗?
例2:May I ask a favour of you?
请您帮个忙,好吗?
5)favourable adj. 有帮助的;赞许的
例1:The newcomer will be favourable in our work.
新来的伙计会对我们的工作有帮助。
例2:Is Mr. White favourable to our
怀特先生赞成我们的提议吗?
3.allow
【用法】 vt. 同意;许可
例1:My parents allow me to play computer games only on Sundays.
仅仅在星期天我的父母才同意我玩电脑游戏。
例2:Our school doesn't allow going swimming on weekdays.
我校不允许任何人在工作日去游戏。
注意:当allow 后面不带宾语(sb.)时,不用不定式,而用v-ing形式。
4.argument
【用法】n. 争辩;争论
例1:There was an argument between them about what food should be for their son’s birthday dinner.
他俩为儿子生日晚餐应吃什么争了起来。
例2:The misunderstanding caused the argument.
误解导致了这次争吵。
【相关链接】
argue vi. 争辩;争论
例1:What did they argue about last night?
他们昨晚为了什么争论起来了?
例2:I don’t want to argue about it with you any more.
我不想为这事再与你争了。
5.create
【用法一】vt. 创造
例1:Most Westerners believe that God created the world.
大多数西方人信奉:上帝创造了世界。
例2:In her novel she created a few honest characters.
她在小说中创造了几个诚实的人物。
【用法二】vt. 生产;制造
例1:What he did has created a bad impression.
他的行为给人一种恶劣的印象。
例2: The factory has created better products.
这家工厂生产(制造)了更好的产品。
【相关链接】
1)creation n. 创造;产品
例1:Her work is really a great creation in arts.
她的作品真是一件了不起的艺术品。
例2:No on knows the creation of the world.
无人知晓世界是怎样产生的。
2)creative adj. 有创造力的;具有创造性的
例1:That's a creative idea.
真是一个有创意的想法。
例2:Mr. Brown is a creative bridge designer.
布朗先生是一位有创意的桥梁设计师。
6.characteristic
【用法】n. 特点;特征
例1:Humour is one of his characteristics.
幽默是他的特点之一。
例2:These are the characteristics of the old temple.
这些就是这座古寺的特征。
【相关链接】
character n. 性格;特性(点);人物;文字
例1:He is man with determined character.
他是一个性格果断的人。
例2:What’s the character of your newly made machine?
你们新近生产的机器有什么特点?
例3:Sports are good for a student to build his character.
体育运动有助于学生人格的形成。
例4:The character of Chinese food attracts many people.
中国菜的特色吸引了许多人。
例5:Who are the main characters in the Tea House?
《茶馆》中的主要人物都是谁啊?
例6:It's hard for a foreigner to write Chinese characters.
要一个外国人写中文字真会难死他。
7.community
【用法】 n. 社区
例1:He is head of the Chinese community in San Francisco.
他是旧金山华人社区的负责人。
例2:She goes to the community center every day。
她天天去社区活动中心。
【相关链接】
1)commune n. 公社
例如:the Commune of Paris 巴黎公社
2)communist n. 共产主义者;adj. 共产主义的
例1:Many communists lay down their lives during the Revolution.
革命时期许多共产主义者牺牲了。
例2:The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.
中国共产党是1921年成立的。
3)communication n. 沟通;通信
例1:Learn to use the computer if you want to have good communication with the world.
如果你想能够与世界好好沟通的话,去学习使用电脑吧。
例2:Advanced countries usually have excellent communications.
发达国家通常具有完备的通讯网络。
8.solve
【用法】 vt. 解决(问题)
例1:We have to find ways to solve the traffic problems.
我们得想出办法来解决交通问题。
例2:All the problems have been solved.
所有的问题都已解决。
9.fool
【用法一】vt. & vi. 欺骗;愚弄;捉弄
例1:The man fooled her out of all her money.
那男子把她的钱全骗走了。
例2:The politician fooled lots of people into believing his words.
那个政客骗得许多人相信了他的话。
例3:Can’t you stop fooling?
别再做傻事行不行?
【用法二】 n. 傻瓜,呆子
例1:Tom is a fool, who even believes in her.
汤姆真是傻子一个;他居然相信她。
例2:You fool! 你真傻!
【用法三】adj. 愚笨的
例如:I was fool enough to do that for her.
我真够笨的,居然会为了她去做那样的事。
【相关链接】
foolish adj. 愚蠢的;不明智的;荒谬的
例1:Not being able to tell the difference, you are foolish.
这种区别也分辨不清,你真蠢。
例2:It was foolish of her to marry that man.
她把自己嫁给了那男子,真不明智。
例3:She looks foolish in that dress.
她穿那样的衣服,看起来真可笑。
(二)重要词组
1.compare…with…
compare…with…与……进行比较
例1:Let's compare Christmas with the Spring Festival, shall we?
咱们将“圣诞节”与“春节”进行一番比较,好吗?
例2:Why not compare your homework with hers?
何不将你自己的作业与她的作业比较一下呢?
注意:compare to表示“把……比作……”。
例如:Girls are usually compared to flowers.
女孩常被比作花朵。
2.learn about
learn about 了解
例如:Scientists are trying to learn more about the ocean.
科学家们在设法更多地了解海洋。
【相关链接】
1)learn from sb. 向某人学习
例如:We should learn from Comrade Lei Feng.
我们应当向雷峰学习。
2)learn…from sb. 从某人那里得知……
例如:I learnt the news from Mr. Wang.
我是从王老师那里得知这一消息的。
3)learn of ….得知……
例如:I learned of her lung cancer this morning.
我是在今天上午才得知也患了肺癌。
4)learn…by heart 熟记;背诵
例如:Class, please learn this paragraph by heart.
同学们,请认真记熟(背诵)这一段。
3.get together
get together 聚会;联欢
例1:They are to get together next Saturday.
他们计划于下周星期六进行联欢。
例2:All of my classmates will get together in our former class adviser’s home.
我们全班同学会去我们原班主任家里聚会。
【相关链接】
1) get along 设法度过;活过
例如:I can hardly get along Christmas without sending you a gift.
在圣诞节不给你送一件礼物,我真不知怎样度过这个节日。
2)get along with sb. 与某人相处
例如:The newcomer is getting along well with all of us.
这位新来的同学与我们大家相处甚好。
3)get along with sth. 某事进展……
例如:How are you getting along with your English studies?
你的英语学习进展如何?
4)get away with sth. 拿某物潜逃;卷走某物
例如:The manager has got away with a large amount of money.
那经理携持巨款潜逃了。
5)get back 回来;取回
例1:He got back from abroad yesterday.
他昨天从国外回来。
例2:Go and get back my magazine.
去把我的杂志取回来。
4.in common
in common相同
例1:Chinese and Japanese have a lot in common in eating.
在吃的方面,中国人和日本人有许多相同之处。
例2:They have nothing in common with one another.
他们彼此毫无共同之处。
5.believe in
believe in 信任;信赖
例1:Most Westerners believe in God.
大多数西方人信奉上帝。
例2:Fewer and fewer citizens believe in their government in the country.
在那个国家,越来越少的市民对政府存有信心。
【相关链接】
believe vt. 相信(某人说的话)
例如:No one believed him (his words / what he said.)
没有人相信他说的是真话。
6.give away
give away 赠送;分送;泄露
例1:He gave away most of his money to the poor villagers.
他把大部分钱都给了那些贫苦的村民。
例2:The headmaster gave away each of us a medal at the celebration.
在庆功会上,校长给我们每人发了一枚勋章。
例3:His accent gave him away.
他的口音暴露了他的身份。
7.play tricks on sb.
play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人;开某人的玩笑
例如:Jack likes playing tricks on his classmates.
杰克喜欢捉弄他的同学。(杰克喜欢拿他的同学寻开心。)
8.take in
take in上当;吸收(营养、水分等);招收
例1:She is easy to be taken in.
她很容易上当。
例2:To take in nutrition, we should eat different kinds of food.
例3:My sister was taken in by Beijing University last year.
去年我姐姐考上北大了。
(三)难句分析
1.We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.
我们必须尽可能多地为我们的社区工作,使它变得更好,更美。
【解析1】 as much as尽可能多地;句中much是副词,修饰谓语动词do。第二个as是连词,引导了一个从句as we can。情态动词can的后面省去了do。
【解析2】to make our…是一个表示目的状语的不定式。make…better and more beautiful使……更好,更美。
例如:His absence made our job more difficult.
他的缺席使得我们的工作变得更难了。
2.Creating a new festival may seem like an unusual way to celebrate history and culture, but we are in fact all creating new festivals every year-festivals and holidays are always changing and as we celebrate them we make new history and develop our culture.
为了庆祝历史和文化,我们创设新的节目,这看来有点非同寻常,但是,事实上我们每年都在创设新的节目—这些节目一直在发生变化;当我们庆祝节日时,我们是在创造历史,弘扬我们的文化。
【解析1】Creating a new festival是动名词短语,作句子主语。
例如:Reading more may enlarge your vocabulary.
多阅读会扩大你的词汇量。
【解析2】to celebrate history and culture 是不定式短语,作way的后置定语。
例如:We have to find a better way t settle the problem.
我们得找出更佳的方法来解决这个问题。
【解析3】are always changing … 当always修饰进行时态时,它能表示一种强烈的情感,或贬或褒。
例1:She is always complaining of her living conditions.
她老是对自己的生活状况发牢骚。
例2:He's always helping others.
他总是乐于助人。
3.Earth Day is a celebration of life and our planet, and it is a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and learn to respect life and nature.
“地球日”是对生命和我们这颗行星的一个庆祝日;这个节日提醒我们要关爱我们赖以生存的的这个世界,学会尊重生命、尊重自然。
【解析1】由day 构成的节日名词前不用冠the修饰。
例如:Children's Day 儿童节 Labour Day 劳动节
Mid-autumn Day 中秋节 Teachers's Day 劳动节
【解析2】that we need to…是一个同位语从句,修饰reminder。引导同位语从句的连词that不能省去,也不能用which替换。(同位语从句是对前面所修饰词进行阐述、说明。)
例1:The news that our team beat theirs is true.
我们队战胜了他们队这一消息是真实的。
例2:Father has made me a promise that he will take me to Beijing in the vacation if I do better in the final test.
父亲对我许下了诺言:如果我的期末测试比以前好,假期他就会带我去北京。
【解析3】we live in 是一个省去了which (that)连词的定语从句,它修饰the world。
例如:We should care about the world in which we live.
我们应当关爱我们赖以生存的世界。
(四)语法精讲
情态动词(2)——掌握must,have to,have got to 的基本用法:
1.表示必须要做或照办事。
例1:We must go and help her.
我们必须去帮她。
例2:You must do as you're told.
你必须照吩咐的办。
例3:Cars must not be parked in front of the entrance.
严禁在入口处停车。
特别提醒:
(1)在回答由must引起的问句时,若是否定的回答,要用needn't或don't have to (不必),而不能用mustn't(不许)。
例如:Must I do it now?
我现在必须做这事吗?
No, you needn't. (=No, you don't have to.)
不,不必。
(2)出现过去时间概念时,常用had to; must较少用。
例如:My boss said on the phone I had to be In the office within ten minutes.
我的老板在电话中对我说,我必须在10分钟内赶回办公室。
2.表示一种较肯定的揣测(用于肯定句)。
例1:Mr. Li must be (going over our exercises )in his office now.
李老师现在一定在他的办公室(批改我们的习题)。
例2:She must have washed all the sheets by now, hasn't she?
她现在一定把床单全洗了,是不是?
特别提醒:
(1)在表示“必须”时,must与have to 意义很相近,但是若强调主观看法时,用must;若强调客观外界原因导致的情况时,用have to。
例1:I must do up (clean)my bedroom. It's dirty.
我必须打扫我的卧室,它很脏了。
例2:I have to clean my bedroom, or my mother won't be happy.
我不得不打扫我的卧室了,不然又要惹得母亲不高兴了。
(2)must与have to 问句形式及肯定回答比较:
例1:—Must we copy all the new words?
——我们必须抄下所有的生词吗?
—Yes, you must.
——是的,必须全抄下来。
例2:—Do we have to do it right now?
——我们现在就得做吗?
—Yes, you do.
——是的,现在就得做。
(3)have to (=have got to 美国英语)
例如:I have got to do that for him.
我得为了他而去做那事。
Unit15 The necklace
本单元重点单词
scary adj. 可怕的,吓人的 mysterious adj. 神秘的,不可思议的 necklace n.项链
scene n. 场景;布景 recognize vt. vi. 认出;认识;承认
diamond n. 钻石;金刚石 government n.政府 ball n. 舞会
palace n. 宫;宫殿 jewellery n. (总称)珠宝 accept vt. 接受
invitation n. 邀请;请贴 franc n. 法郎 continue vi.继续
pretty adj. 漂亮的;俊俏的 happiness n.幸福;快乐 exactly adv.精确地
valuable adj.值钱的;贵重的 worth adj. 值……的 author n.作者
character n. 人物,角色;(汉)字 line n. (戏曲)台词 alien n.外侨
clone n.&v. 克隆 rehearse v. 排练(节目) plot n. (小说的)情节
dormitory n. 宿舍
本单元重点短语
fall asleep 人睡;睡着 a dark night in April 四月的一个黑夜
a scary place 一个恐怖的地方 create a short play 编一个短剧
on one’s way to school 在某人上学的路上 something unusual happened发生了异常的事
another normal day 又一个普通的日子 walk towards sb. 朝某人走去
don’t look very well看上去气色不好 look older than one’s age看上去比年龄大
ten years of hard work 十年的辛劳 only a small cold room to live in只有寒舍一间
for the past ten years 在过去的十年里 in a government office在一下政府部门
accept an invitation接受邀请 after all 毕竟
a man with a lot of money 有钱人 continue to do sth.继续做某事
cal on访问;拜访 bring out 取出;拿出
a lovely diamond necklace可爱的钻石项链 try it on试戴
look wonderful on sb. 戴在某人身上看上去很美 the last moment of happiness最后的快乐时光
look down 低头看 rush back to the palace 猛地跑回宫殿
without luck不幸运,不凑巧 day and night 日日夜夜
pay off 还清 write a scene写一个场景
precious stone钻石 take up several jobs找几份工作
wear a new ring 戴新戒指 animal products 动物制品
play different roles扮演不同的角色 lines written like a dialogue写得像对话的台词
of one’s own某人自己的 come up with a very good story编成很好的故事
give it a try试一试 take sb. for a ride带某人去兜风
a thousand years from now从现在起一千年 be scared 害怕
do the same with照……做 rehearse a play排练话剧
一、精彩回放(一)重点单词1. before 【用法一】prep.(时间)……以前
例1:He arrived there before me. 他比我先到那里。
例2:A few minutes before the accident he called on me. 事故发生几分钟以前他访问过我。
例3:Please come before 10 o’clock.
请十点以前来。
【用法二】prep. (位置)在……的前面
例1:He sat just before me.
他就坐在我的前面。
例2:The prisoner was taken before the court.
犯人被带到法庭上。
【用法三】prep.(位次)先于,高于
例1:The English verb comes before the object.
英语动词放在宾语前面。
例2:We should put the collective interests before our own personal interests.
我们应该把集体利益放在个人利益的前面。
例3:Those with babies get on the bus before the oth-ers.
带孩子的人先上车。
【用法四】conj. 在……以前
例1:I must finish my work before I go home.
我必须在回家这前做完工作。
例2:Before I came I to Shanghai, I had worked in Bei-jing for many years.
我来上海之前在北京工作过很多年。
【用法五】conj. ……就……
例1:I had not waited long before he came.
我没等多久他就来了。
例2:I’ ll do it now before I forget it.
我趁着没忘记的时候就做吧。
例3:It wasn’t long before she came back.
没过多久她就回来了。
【用法六】conj.……才……
例1:It will be long before we meet again.
我们要过很久才能见面。
例2:One must sow before one can reap.
先有播种然后才有收获。
【用法七】adv. (常与完成时或never连用)以前,从前
例1:Have you ever heard of that before?
你以前听说过那事吗?
例2:I have never met him before.
我以前从未见过他。
【相关链接】1) before long(与将来式、过去式连用)不久以后例1:Before long they didn’t have to worry about their chickens.
不久,他们就不必担心他们的欢迎鸡了。
例2:The work will be finished before long.
该项工作不久即将完成。
2) long before(与一般过去时连用)很久以前
例1:We heard of it long before.
我们很久以前就听说过那事了。
例2:I had heard of him long before I came here.
我来这里很久以前就听说过他。
3) ago adv. (用于过去式)以前
例1:I met him three days ago.
我三天以前见过他。
例2:He started two weeks ago.
他在两星期前动身了。
2. scary
【用法】adj.可怕的,吓人的
例1:I was frightened when I was walking in a scary dark street.
当我走在一条可怕的黑暗街道上时,我胆战心惊。
例2:The old man told us a scary story yesterday eve-ning.
那位老人昨晚给我们讲了一个吓人的故事。
3. mysterious
【用法一】adj.神秘的,不可思议的
例1:Scientists are working hard to probe into the mys-terious universe.
科学家们正努力地探索着神秘的宇宙。
例2:They are being very mysterious about their holiday plan.
关于他们的度假计划,他们故作神秘。
【用法二】adj. 故弄玄虚的
例1:Don’t be mysterious!
不要故弄玄虚。
例2:I think he is mysterious.
我认为他是在故弄玄虚的。
4. recognize
【用法一】vt. 认出,辨认
例1:Yesterday he recognized his long lost brother.
他昨天认出了失散已久的兄弟。
例2:I could hardly recognize him I met him at the airport.
在机场接他时,我几乎认不出他来了。
例3:No one can recognize you in that disguise.
你那么一化装,谁也不认不出你来了。
【用法二】vt.承认
例1:We recognize your government as the sole legal government of your country.
我们承认你们的政府是你们国家唯一的合法政府。
例2:Our claim was recognized by the leadership as jus-tified.
我们的要求已被领导承认是正确的。
例3:They refused to recognize our new government.
他们拒绝承认我们的新政府。
【用法三】vt. 清楚地认识到;自认
例1:He recognized that the was not qualified
他认识到他不能胜任这项工作。
例2:I recognize that he is the best worker we have.
我认识到他是我们最好的工人。
例3:I hope that you can recognize your duty to your country.
我希望你能够认识到自己对祖国的责任。
【用法四】vt.公认,欣赏
例1:He was recognized as an authority in international law.
他被公认为国际法权威。
例2:The school recognized his studies by making him a best student in the school.
学校为表彰他的学习而封他为学校的最佳学生。
例3:His merits have been recognized.
他的功绩已被公认了。
【相关链接】
be recognized as 被承认是,被认出是
例1:Tom is recognized as the best football player in the school.
汤姆被公认为学校最佳足球选手。
例2:The man was recognized as the one who stole the money from the store yesterday.
那个人被认出是昨天在商店里偷钱的人。
【相关链接2】
recognition n. 认识;认出;承认;认中
1) in recognition of作为对……的报酬
例如:Please accept this cheque in recognition of all your help.
请接受这张支票作为你全部帮助的报酬。
2) change beyond/out of all recognition 变得无法认出
例如:Illness and age changed her out of all recognition.
疾病和衰老使她的模样变得认不出来了。
5. accept
【用法一】vt. 接受,领受
例1:She accepted our invitation to dinner.
她接受我们邀请来吃晚饭。
例2:He gladly accepted the offer to teach at the school.
他高兴地接受了那所学校任教的请求。
例3:I always accept criticism with an open mind.
我总是虚心接受批评。
【用法二】vt.承认,认可
例1:We accepted his report as true.
我们认为他的报告符合事实。
例2:Did she accept your reason for being late?
她是否相信你迟到的理由?
例3:For a long time she could not accept that her hus-band was really dead.
有很长一段时间她不相信她丈夫真的死了。
【用法三】vi.同意,承认
例如:He asked her to marry him and she accepted.
他向她求婚,她答应了。
6. continue
【用法一】vi.继续,连续
例1:They continued on for another mile.
他们又继续向前行进了一英里。
例2:The rain continued for two days.
雨连续下了两天。
【用法二】vi. 留,依旧
例1:The minister continued at his post.
那位部长留住任了。
例2:The sea had continued calm until a hurricane rose.
飓风来临之前,海面一直平静。
例3:The weather continued fine.
天气仍然很好。
【用法三】vt. 使继续,使连续
例1:He continued his interrupted higher education af-ter the war.
战争以后他继续接受中断的高等教育。
例2:The meeting will be continued after a recess.
休息后继续开会。
例3:He continued the study of Chinese poetry for sve-eral years.
他继续研究中国诗词达数年之久。
【相关链接】
1)continue to do sth. = continue doing sth. 继续做某事
例如:The researchers continued testing/to test this hy-pothesis.
研究人员继续验证这一假说。
2) continue a story 继续讲故事
例如:Uncle Wang continued the story until bed time.
王叔叔继续讲故事一直到睡觉前。
3) To be continued待续
7. worth
【用法一】adj. (仅做表语,后接控语)值……的,相当于……的价值的
例1:These pieces of furniture are worth a total of one thousand dollars.
这几件家具共值一千元。
例2:How much is a diamond necklace worth?
一条钻石项链值多少钱?
例3:None really knows what time is worth.
时间的价值有多大,没有人直正知道。
【用法二】adj. 值得……的;有……的价值的
例1:Only the first few pages are worth reading.
只有头几页值得一读。
例2:Is the play worth seeing?
这出戏值得一看吗?
例3:Is it worth all the trouble?
费那么多事值得吗?
【用法三】n. [U] 价值,精神价值
例1:The professor’s discovery was of great worth.
这位教授的发现很有价值。
例2:Worth makes the man, and want of it, the villain.
有德为君子,无德为小人。
例3:The worth of this discovery was not realized until
a hundred years after his death.
直到他死后一百年,人们才认识到这项发现的价值。
【相关链接】
1) not worth one’s while 不值一干
例如:It’s not worth your while visiting that temple of lit-tle historical value.
那个寺庙不值得你去参观,因为它在历史上没有多大价值。
2) worthwhile adj. 无价的,无用的
例1: Throw it away. It’s quite worthless.
把它扔掉,这东西毫无用处。
例2: It’s worthless to anybody.
这对任何人都毫无价值。
3) worthwhile adj. 值得花时间的,值得做的
例1:Some worthwhile researches have been made.
做了一些值得进行的研究。
例2:Such a result is not quite worthwhile.
这样的成果不太合算。
8. worthy
【用法一】adj. 有价值的,可尊敬的
例1:He is a worthy man.
他是个高尚的人。
例2:Lei Feng was a worthy son of the people.
雷峰是人民的好儿子。
例3:Our cause is a worthy one.
我们的事业是正义的事业。
【用法二】adj. (作表语)值得的,配得上的
例1:Your achievements are worthy of admiration.
你的成就值得钦佩。
例2:Another document worthy to be mentioned is the resolution passed at the summit conference.
值得一提的另一个文件就是高级会议上通过的那个决议。
(二)重要词组
1. fall asleepfall asleep 入睡 例1:Last night I was trying to fall asleep when sudden-ly the telephone rang.
昨天晚上我正要试图入睡,这时突然电话铃响了。
例2:He went to bed early but he couldn’t fall asleep.
他很早就上床了,但无法入睡。
例3:He fell asleep while listening to the light music.
他在听那首轻音乐时睡着了。
【相关链接】
1) fall back退却;后退
例如:We must not fall back before the enemy.
在敌人面前我们不能退却。
2) fall behind 落在……的后面,跟不上
例如:I must work hard in order not to fall behind.
为了不落后,我必须努力学习。
3) fall in with sb. 偶尔遇到某人
例如:On my way to school yesterday morning, I fell in with Xiao Hui.
昨天早上在上学的路上,我遇上了小惠。
4) fall out with sb. 与某人争吵
例如:I feel very bad because I have just felt out with one of my frieds.
我感觉心情很糟,因为刚同我的一位朋友争吵过。
5) fall in love (with sb.) 爱上(某人)
例如:They fell in love with each other when they were a-broad in 2001.
他们于2001年在国外时恋爱了。
6) fall (get) into trouble (difficulty) 陷入困境
例如:In those years, they often fell into trouble.
那互日子里,他们经常陷入困境。
7) fall (come) to pieces 跌碎,摔碎
例如:The old temple fell into pieces last night.
那座古庙昨晚坍塌了。
8) fall into a dream 进入梦乡
例如:He went bed early and fell into a dream soon.
他早就睡了,并且很快就进入了梦乡。
9) fall into a habit 染上一种习惯
例如:When he was in the country, he fell into a habit of smoking.
他在农村养成了抽烟的习惯。
10) fall dead 倒下死去
例如:The man fell on his knees before a rich man and asked for some money.
那个人在一个有钱人的面前跪下乞求些钱。
11) fall dead 倒下死去
例如:In the battle, the young soldier was shot and fell dead.
在战斗中,那个年轻的士兵被击中,倒下死了。
12) fall short to 达不到,不符合
例如:These goods fall short of quality.
这批货物不符合质量。
13) fall on落在,落到,袭击,进攻
例如:Christmas Day fell on a Monday that year.
那年的圣诞节恰好是在星期一。
2. after all
after all 须知,毕竟
例1:I was right after all. He failed.
到底我还是对的,他还是失败了。
例2:I know he hasn’t finished his work, but, after all, he is a very busy man.
我知道他尚未完成工作,不过,别忘了,他是个大忙人。
【相关链接1】
1) at all 居然,究竟,到底;(在否定句中)一点也不
例1:I was surprised at his coming at all.
他居然来了,我很奇怪。
例2:Do you know him at all?
你究竟知道不知道他?
例3:I don’t like watching TV at all.
我一点也不喜欢看电视。
例4:If you know at all, you will not do so.
要是你知道一些的话,你不会那样做的。
2) all in all 一般而言,整体而言
例1:All in all we had a good time.
总起来说,我们玩得很愉快。
【相关链接2】
1) all along 自始至终
例如:I knew that all along.
我自始至终都知道那件事。
2) all but 几乎
例如:I am all but ready.
我几乎准备好了。
3) all over 全部;到处;遍及每个角落
例1:They painted the door green all over.
他们把门全部漆成了绿色。
例2:We’ve been hunting for him all over.
我们一直到处找他。
例3:They are traveling all over India.
他们在印度各地旅游。
3. call on
call on拜访(某人);请求;使出(力量)
例1:We can call on Mary tomorrow.
我们明天能拜访玛丽。
例2:I will now call on Li Ming for an answer.
我现在要向李明请教答案。
例3:We have to call on all our strength.
我们得用全力。
【相关链接】
1) call at 参观(某地方)
例如:We called on our headmaster at his office.
我们昨天在校长办公室拜访了校长。
2) call for 要求;需要;约请(人)
例1:He called for the waiter for the bill.
他呼唤侍者过来要帐单。
例2:I’ll call for you at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.
明天早上九点我来叫你。
3) call in 邀来,请来;收回
例1:Have you called any doctor in?
你们请医生了吗?
例2:The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.
制造商已收回一些危险缺陷的汽车。
4) call up征集;唤起;打电话
例1:The villagers called up the soldiers to clear up the road.
村民们召集了士兵来清扫道路。
例2:The movie calls up my bitter hatred for the terror-ists.
这部电影唤起了我对恐怖分子的深仇大恨。
例3:If you want to place an order, please call me up.
如果你要订购的话,就电话给我。
4. pay off
pay off 偿清(债务等)
例如:It took them six years to pay off the debts.
他们花了六年时间才还清那件判决所定的债务。
【相关链接】
1) pay back 偿还;报答,回报
例1:If you’ll lend me two yuan, I’ll pay it back tomor-row.
要是你能借给我两元线,我将在明天归还。
例2:How can I pay you back for all your kindness?
我将怎样报答你的一切好意呢?
2) pay down用现金支付,当场支付
例如:He paid the money down and took the goods.
他当场付了钱,并取走了货物。
3) pay for为了得到……而付钱;因……而受罚
例1:Of course we have to pay for all we buy.
当然我们不论买什么都得付钱。
例2:He will have to pay for his carelessness.
他将得为他的粗心而自食其果。
4) pay in存入;捐(钱)
例1:I pay in five yuan each month.
我每月把五块钱存入银入。
例2:The contributions actually paid to date amount to more than three thousand yuan.
到现在为止,实际收到的捐款共计三千元以上。
5) pay out 付出钱;向……报复
例1:They have to pay out a lot on repairing that house.
为了修理那所房子他们得付很多钱。
例2:The man said that he would pay Bill out for his kill-ing his brother.
那个人说他为比尔杀了他的兄弟而要向比尔报仇。
6) pay up付清(钱)
例1:You must pay up what you owe me.
你必须还清欠我的钱。
例2:He asked me to pay up.
他要求我把钱付清。
(三)难句分析
1. That’s because of hard work — ten years of hard work.
那是因为劳累——十的劳累的缘故。
【解析1】that指上文提到的“显得衰老”,指下文时一般用this。
【解析2】because of是介词,等于by reason of, on account of (因为,由于),类似的还有due to 和owing to。在该句中引导介词短语做表语。
例1:He was absent. This is because of his illness.
他缺席了,这是因为他生病。
例2:Is it because of your failure in the exam that you are unhappy?
你是因为考试不及格而不高兴吗?
2. I’m sorry, but I don’t think I know you.
很抱歉,我想我不认识你。
【解析1】I’m sorry, but… 是一个句型,用来表达适度的遗憾或道歉。翻译时but不用翻译。
例如:—Could you please mail this letter for me?
—— 你能代我寄这封信吗?
—I’m sorry, but I’m not going to the post office.
——对不起,我不去邮局。
【解析2】当主句的谓语动词为think, expect, suppose, be-lieve, imagine等词的否定时,后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
例1:I don’t believe you are right.
我认为你不对。
例2:I don’t suppose I can come back before nine o’clock.
我想我九点以前是回不来了。
另外,还要注意以上这类句子反意问句的构成。当句子的主语为第一人称时,后面的问句根据从句来定,如果主句的主语为第一人称以外的人称时,则随主句而定。孙
例1:We don’t think it will rain this afternoon, will it?
我想今天下午不会雨,是吗?
例2:He doesn’t suppose we’ll win, does he?
他认为我们不会赢,对吗?
3. Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment’s rest.
多年劳累,食不果腹,唯有寒舍一间,得不到片刻休息。
【解析】这是一个有四个名词词组构成的省略句,这些分句是一个相对完整的语言单位,不需要增补其他句子成分。句中的to live in是不定式短语做后置定语,修饰前面的room。不定式做后置定语时与其所修饰的名字有几种关系:动宾关系、主谓关系、同位关系和偏正关系。
例1:I have some letters to write this evening. (to write some letters 动宾关系)
今晚我有几封信要写。
例2:Where are the exercise-books are to be handed in主谓关系)
要交的练习本在哪里?
例3:We got no instructions to give up the experiment.
(=We got no instructions that we should give up the experimet. 同位关系)
我们没有得到放弃这个实验的指示。
例4:She had only a cold room to live in.
她唯有寒舍一可住。
to live in a cold room偏正关系, in a cold room是
live的地点状语,要注意的是in不能省。
4. I was the only person in my office who was invited. I’ve written to accept the invitation.
我是我们办公室里惟一被邀请的人。我已写信接受了这份邀请。
【解析1】句中的who was invited是分隔定语从句,修饰名词person,被介词短语in my office隔开了。在英语中如果一个名词带了几个定语时,常常按照定语的长短来排列顺序,一般是长的定语放在短的定语的后面。
例1:Do you remember one afternoon afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a neck-lace of yours?
十年前的一个下午,我到你家借了一条项链,你还记得吗?
例2:Carl still remembers one afternoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the chem.-istry lab.
卡尔仍然记和一年级时教授带学生们到化学实验室去的那个下午的情景。
例3:The days are gone when we suffered so much.
我们以前受苦的日子一去不复返了。
【解析2】accept与receive是近义词,初学者容易混淆,其实区别很明显的。accept“接受”,指经过考虑,同意接受,动作者本身是主动的;而receive“收到”,指收到物品时的动作,不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。
例1:We can’t accept your proposal.
我们不能接受你们的建议。
例2:He received a good education.
他受过良好的教育。
例3:He received a gift, but didn’t accept it.
他收到了一份礼物,但没接受。
5. And a new dress costs over four hundred francs.
一件新的礼服要花费四百多法郎。
【解析1】句中的dress意为“礼服”,作为外出酬时穿的正式礼服。“晚礼服”是evening dress,“大礼服”是full dress。表示“服装”时是指男女服装的总称,尤指外衣,是不可数名词。用作可数名词时意为“女服(长连衣裙)”或“童装”。
例1:At the evening party last night, Bill’s wife wore a beautiful evening dress.
在昨晚的晚会上,比尔的妻子穿了一件很漂亮的晚礼服。
例2:Our new English teacher doesn’t care much about dress.
我们的新英语老师不太注意衣着。
例3:Tom’s mother bought a blue dress last summer.
汤姆的妈妈去年夏天买了一条蓝色的连衣裙。
【解析2】cost译作“花费”时,其主语为物,句型是sth. costs sb. some money。英语中常见的表示“花费”的词还有spend,句型是sb. spends some money on sth. (in doing sth).; pay, 句型是sb. pays some money for sth.; take (多用于“花时间”),句型是It takes sb. some time to do sth.
例1:The diamond necklace cost me 2000 dollars.
这条钻石项链花了我2000美金。
例2:His mother spent 200 yuan on a handbag.
他妈妈花了200元买了一个手提包。
例3:The family have to pay over 600 yuan for food ev-ery month.
这一家每月得花600多元来购买食品。
例4:It will take me about two hours to finish my math work this evening.
今晚我得花大约两小时来完数学作业。
(四)语法精讲
情态动词(3)—must, can/could, may/might 的用法:
1. 情态动词must的每一个用法是表示说话人主观认为“必须”帮一件重要或紧要的事。
例1:You must clean your own boots.
你得擦你自己的靴子。
例2:I must be at the station at ten. My mother’s train will arrive.
我得十点钟赶到车站。我妈妈乘坐的火车要到了。
例3:—Must I be at home before ten?
——我十点以前必须到家吗?
—No, you needn’t.
——不,没必要。
2. 情态动词must的第二个用法是表示对目前发和的动作进行肯定推测,句型是must+v.。
注意:变否定句或疑句句时,要将must改为can。
例1:The light is still on. He must be at home.
灯还亮着,他肯定在家。
例2:Can he be in his office at the moment?
此刻他肯定在他的办公室吗?
例3:He can’t be at the school now. I saw him at home a moment ago.
他现在不可能在学校。我刚刚还看见他在家呢。
3. 情态动词must的第三个用法是表示对过去的动作进行肯定推测,句型是must have +P. P.
注意:变否定句或疑问句时,要将must改为can。
例1:I was told his mother was ill, so he must have gone to the hospital.
有人告诉过我他妈病了,所以他肯定去了医院。
例2:He couldn’t have done that because he was not there when that happened.
那事不可能是他所为,因为事情发生时也不在现场。
例3:—Can he have been told the bad new?
——肯定有人告诉过他那个坏消息吗?
—No. Because he looked so happy.
4. 情态动词can可用来表示能力、可能性,惊异、不相信等;其它否定式can’t 表示“不可能”;过去式是could,表示能力、允许、可能性,还用来表示比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述意见。
例1:You can use my mobile phone now.
现在你可以用我的手机。
例2:He said that I could park here.
他说过我可以在这儿停车。
例3:—Could I smoke here?
——我可以在这里抽烟吗?
—Yes, you can. (No, you can’t .)
——是的,你可以。(不,你不可以。)
例4:Watching a football game can be exciting.
看足球寒可能会令人激动。
例5:You could borrow some jewelry from your friend Jenny, who is married to a rich man.
你或许可以跟你的朋友珍妮借一些珠宝,她嫁给了一个有钱人。
5. 情态动词may用来表示询问一件事可不可以做,或表示一件事或许会发生;过去式might表示过去可以做某事,过去或现在可能发生过的事,还可以用来表示允许现在做的事情,比较婉转客气。
例1:Do you have a friend who might lend you some jewelry?
你有一个可能借给你一些珠宝的朋友吗?
例2:You may go now.
你现在可以走了。
例3:May/might I use your ruler?
我可以用一下你的尺子吗?
例4:He may/might be at home at the moment.
他此刻可能/或许在家。
例5:They might have arrived.
他们或许已经到了。(五)交际用语1. Where have you been all these yea
这些年你们去哪儿了?
2. What happened?
发生了什么事?
3. We did have a good time.
我们的确玩得很开心。
4. Excuse me. I’ve lost a case. I wonder if it’s been found.
对不起,我掉了一个箱子。不知道是否有人找到。
5. It seems like today is going to be just another normal day.
好像今天又会是个普通的日子。
6. But I don’t think you know me.
但我认为你不认识我。
7. I would rather not (tell you).
我想我还是不(告诉你)
8. Look! There’s a light on in Mr. Baker’s office.
看!贝克先生的办公室里还亮着灯呢。
Ⅰ??单项选择? ??1.?I?ask?the?man????near?the?window?some?questions.? ??A.?which?is?standing??B.what?is?standing? ??C.?who?is?standing??D.?whom?is?standing? ??2.?Can?you?tell?me?????? ??A.?who?is?that?gentleman??B.?that?gentleman?is?who? ??C.?who?that?gentleman?is?D.?whom?is?that?gentleman? ??3.?I?don't?think?he?is?right,???? ??A.?do?I??B.?is?he??C.?don't?I?D.?isn't?he? ??4.?Kelly?has?no?jewelry???,?so?her?father?permitted?her?to?buy?one.? ??A.?to?wear?B.?wearing?C.?wore??D.?to?put?on? ??5.?My?sister????a?doctor.? ??A.?married?to??B.?married?to? ??C.?married??D.?was?married?to? ??6.?How?much?does?this?dictionary????you?? ??A.?pay?B.?cost?C.?spend?D.?take? ??7.?You?are?late?again.???here?on?time?tomorrow.? ??A.?Do?come??B.?Will?you?come????C.?Comes??D.?Do?go? ??8.?-?What?do?you?think?of?this?film?? ??-It's?quite?different?from????I?saw?yesterday.? ??A.?which??B.?that??C.?the?one?D.?one? ??9.?-?What?do?you?think?of?this?book?? ??-???.? ??A.?You?are?worth?to?read??C.?It?is?worth?reading?the?book? ??B.?You?are?worth?reading??D.?The?book?is?worth?reading? ??10.?Mathilde????ill.?She?doesn't?look?very?well.? ??A.?looked?to?be??B.?looks?like? ??C.?seemed?like?D.?seems?to?be? ??11.?I?will?never?forget?the?day????we?worked?together?in?London.? ??A.?when?B.?on?that?C.?which??D.?while? ??12.?I?will?never?forget?the?day????we?spend?together? ??A.?when??B.?on?that??C.?which??D.?while? ??13.?I?find?the?story?really?worth???.? ??A.?reading??B.?to?read??C.?being?read?D.to?be?read? ??14.?Where????for?the?past?few?years?? ??A.?are?you??B.?have?you?been? ??C.?have?you?gone?D.?did?you?go? ??15.?Because?he?was?six,?he?decided?to????himself.? ??A.?wear?B.?have?on?C.?dress?D.?put?on? ??16.?The?housework????by?her?sister?before?she?got?married.? ??A.?ws?used?to?do??B.?was?used?to?be?done? ??C.?used?to?do??D.?used?to?be?done? ??17.?If?you?don't?like?to????me?your?bike,?I'll?ask?Jack?to????one.? ??A.?borrow,borrow??B.?lend,?lend? ??C.?borrow,?lend?D.?lend,?borrow? ??18.?Finally?he?found?a?small?chair???.? ??A.?sitting?in?it??B.?sitting?in? ??C.?to?sit?in?D.?to?sit? ??19.?He?asked?me??.? ??A.?how?much?I?pay?for?it?B.?how?much?did?I?pay?for?it? ??C.?how?much?I?paid?for?it??D.?how?much?does?I?pay?for?it? ??20.?Can?you?tell?me????? ??A.?how?can?I?get?to?the?bus?stop? ??B.?where?can?I?get?to?the?bus?stop? ??C.?how?I?can?get?to?the?bus?stop? ??D.?where?I?can?get?to?the?bus?stop? ??Ⅱ??完形填空?? ??Paul?used?to?live?next?to?Clara's?family?in?the?No.12?Street?in?Paris?1he?was?young.?And?Paul?had?long?2to?marry?Clara.?But?at?the?age?of?thirty-three?when?he?was?working?in?a?small?town?near?Paris,?he?met?3married?Alice,?who?was?a?pretty?girl?and?4with?him?in?the?same?workshop.?Clara?was?-?well,?perhaps?there?is?5so?terrible?as?a?woman?was?made?6in?this?way.?? ??Paul?was?taken?7a?judge.?And?he?had?to?pay?Clara?6000?francs?because?of?the??8promise.?Paul?had?to?9the?money?from?his?boss.?He?agreed?to?pay?back?50?francs?a?month?to?him.?? ??Paul?and?Alice?ware?10but?not?11.?They?had?little?enough?food,?certainly,?even?before?the?12began?to?arrive.?They?worked?very?hard,?13taking?a?holiday.?In?time,?there?were?seven?14in?the?family.?Life?was?very?15for?this?big?family.?Paul?had?to?work?day?and?night?to?16the?family?and?pay?back?the?money?he?gad?borrowed.?? ??The?years?of?hard?work?and?little?food?changed?the?family?17.?After?12?years?of?family?life,?Paul?was?alone?in?the?world.?And?20?years?18.?Paul?paid?back?all?the?money?at?last?and?left?the?factory.?? ??One?day?it?was?a?holiday,?he?went?to?the?park?near?the?No.12?Street,?where?he?used?to?play?football?with?his?friends.?He?sat?down?on?a?seat.?A?middle-aged?19came?and?sat?down?near?him,?It?was?Clara.?She?said:?"The?6000?francs?has?been?in?a?bank?20the?day?it?was?paid?to?me,?Paul.?It?is?now?60,000?francs,?and?I?have?kept?it?for?21.?Will?you?let?me?22it?with?you?"?? ??"No,"?said?Paul,?"each?thousand?is?a?23life?in?a?desert?between?us.?It?can?24bring?me?any?happiness.?? ??With?these?words,?Paul?25and?walked?away.? ??1.?A.?which?B.?because?C.?when??D.?where? ??2.?A.?wished??B.?promised??C.?planned?D.?tried? ??3.?A.?but??B.?so?C.?and?D.?or? ??4.?A.?lived?B.?did??C.?talked??D.?worked? ??5.?A.?something?B.?anything??C.?nothing?D.?everything? ??6.?A.?happy?B.?hungry??C.?tired?D.?angry? ??7.?A.?before??B.?as?C.?from??D.?for? ??8.?A.?broken??B.?first?C.?written?D.?long? ??9.?A.?receive?B.?return??C.?borrow??D.?lend? ??10.?A.?rich??B.?young?C.?poor??D.?satisfied? ??11.?A.?happy?B.?unhappy?C.?lucky?D.?protected? ??12.?A.?children??B.?winter??C.?death?D.?night? ??13.?A.?always??B.?never?C.?both??D.?often? ??14.?A.?men??B.?women?C.?holidays??D.?mouths? ??15.?A.?sad??B.?hard??C.?lost??D.?valuable? ??16.?A.?supply??B.?return??C.?build?D.?support? ??17.?A.?a?little??B.?slowly??C.?so?much?D.?at?the?most? ??18.?A.?later?B.?after??C.?ended??D.?ago? ??19.?A.?man??B.?old?friends?C.?woman??D.?policeman? ??20.?A.?on?B.?since??C.?after??D.?before? ??21.?A.?me??B.?Alice??C.?you??D.?our?children? ??22.?A.?keep??B.?spend?C.?save??D.?share? ??23.?A.?happy?B.?coming??C.?lost??D.?short? ??24.?A.?hardly??B.?never?C.?quickly??D.?seldom? ??25.?A.?stood?up??B.?smiled??C.?cried?D.?thank?her? ??Ⅲ??阅读理解?? ??Why?do?we?make?people?do?exams??It's?strange?form?of?pain?to?go?through?just?for?a?piece?of?paper.?? ??In?the?months?before?the?exam?it?seems?all?right.?You?tell?yourself?that?what?yo?u?don't?know?today?you?can?learn?tomorrow.?Then?come?the?last?few?weeks,?and?the?real?wish?to?learn?all?the?thing?you?put?off?till?tomorrow?that?never?came,?reaching?the?peak(高峰)?in?the?last?few?days,?as?you?realize?that?what?you?don't?know?you'll?never?learn.?? ??The?day?of?the?exam?arrives,?and?you?have?to?make?sure?you?go?to?the?right?place?on?time,?well?supplied?with?pens,?pencils?and?calmness.?What?really?weakens?your?confidence?is?that?all?the?other?students?seem?so?calm?and?self-assured.?? ??When?you?finally?look?at?the?paper,?it's?a?bit?of?an?anti-climax.?It's?never?as?bad?as?you?feared,?and?you?remember?most?of?the?things?you?thought?you'd?forgotten.? ??1.?The?writer?said?taking?exam?is???.? ??A.?light-hearted??B.?painful? ??C.?pleasant??D.?interesting? ??2.?In?the?last?few?days?before?the?exam,?people?feel???.? ??A.?pleased?B.?easy? ??C.?nervous?D.?light-hearted? ??3.?When?the?exam?comes,?people?always?think?others?are???.?? ??A??well?prepared????B.?selfish??C.?right?D.?surprised? ??4.?"Self-assured"?means???.? ??A.?calm??B.?self-confident? ??C.?selfish?D.?self-centered? ??5.?When?seeing?the?paper?people?will?feel?it?is???.? ??A.?more?difficult?B.?more?fearful? ??C.?not?too?difficult?D.?worse? 参考答案: Ⅰ1.C?2.C?3.B?4.A?5.C?6.B?7.A?8.C?9.D? ??10.D?11.A?12.C?13.A?14.B?15.C?16.D?17.D? ??18.C?19.C?20.C? ??Ⅱ?1.C?2.B?3.C?4.D?5.?C?6.D?7.A?8.A?9.C? ??10.C?11.B?12.A?13.B?14.?D?15.B?16.D?17.C? ??18.A?19.C?20.B?21?.C?22.D?23.C?24.B?25.A?? ??Ⅲ??1.B?2.C?3.A?4.B?5.C?
Unit 16 Scientist at work
本单元重点单词
instructions n. 指令;指示 safety n. 安全 glove n. 手套
accident n. 事故 earring n. 耳环 flame n. 火焰
advantage n. 优点;优势 wheel n. 轮;方向盘 engine n.引擎,发动机
technology n. 技术 energy n. 能量 nuclear n.原子
space n. 太空;空间 economy n.经济 conduct n. 指导;处理;传导
lighting n. 闪电 realize vt. 认识;意识 attract vt. 吸引
condenser n. 电容器;聚光器 last vi. 持续 frame n. 框架
enough adj. 足够的 control n.& vt. 控制 fix v. 安装;确定
fasten vt. 扎(捆) charge n.& v. 负责;充电 cross n. 杂交;十字架
sharp adj. 尖锐的
本单元重点短语
in one’s opinion 在某人看来 a waste of … (某方面)的浪费
make use of 利用 be famous for … 因……而闻名
all over 遍及 make discoveries 发现
a number of 一些 a great deal of 大量;许多
fasten (tie)… to …把……扎(捆)到……上面 protect… from …保护……免受损害
take care 留神;小心 stop…from doing… 阻止……不……
tear down 拆掉 be in tears 含着泪花
end in 以……告终;结束 such as 如;例如
at least 至少;起码 find out 查清楚;弄明白
go against 与……对抗 be made up of 由……组成.
一、精彩回放
(一)重点单词
1.instruction
【用法】n.指令;指示;说明
例1:Just click the mouse and you’ll get the instructions you need.
点击鼠标,你就会得到你所需要的指令。
例2:Give them your instructions and they’ll do the experiment well.
给他们下达您的指示吧,他们会做好这项试验的。
例3:Read the instructions before taking the medicine.
在服用此药之前,要看一看说明。
【相关链接】
1) instruct vt. 教授;指导;通知
例1:Professor Brown instructs two classes in physics.
布朗教授教两个班的物理。
例2:Who’ll instruct them to do the experiment ?
谁将指导他们做这项试验?
例3:I’ve been instructed that I have to be present at the meeting.
有人通知我,要我出席那个会议。
2) instructive adj. 有教育意义的
例如:The film is both instructive and interesting
这部电影既有教育意义,又有趣。
2. Realize
【用法一】vt. 认识;意识
例如:After talking with his father, Jack realized that playing too much computer games would do bad to his studies.
经过与父亲的谈话后,杰克认识到过量玩电脑游戏会影响他的学习。
【用法二】vt. 实现
例如:By working hard, he realized his wishes finally.
靠努力奋斗,他终于实现了自己的理想。
3.attract
【用法一】vt. 吸引
例如:A magnet attracts iron.
磁石吸引铁。
【用法二】vt. 引起……注意
例如:Her beautiful dress attracted many eyes .
她好漂亮的外衣吸引了很多目光。
【相关链接】
1) attraction n. 吸引力
例1:The attraction of the moon for earth causes the tides.
月球对地球的吸引力造成了潮汐。
例2:Computer games have little attractions for my parents .
电脑游戏对我父母亲没有什么吸引力。
2) attractive adj. 诱人的;有吸引力的
例如:What an attractive price for such a nice dress !
这么好一件衣服,却标出这样诱人的低价!
4.last
【用法一】vi. 持续
例1:The meeting lasted two hours.
会议开了两个小时。
例2:The quarreling between the couple lasted quite some time.
这对夫妇吵了好一阵子。
【用法二】adj. 上一次的
例如:He went there last year
他去年就去了那里。
【用法三】 adv. 最后
例1:Whoever leaves last should turn off the lights.
谁若最后离去,应当关灯。
例2:He who laughs , laughs best.
谁笑到最后,谁笑的最好。
5.enough
【用法一】adj.足够的
例1:I have enough money to buy a new bicycle.
我有足够的钱买一辆新自行车。
例2:He has time enough to write her essay.
他有足够的时间去写他的论文。
注意:enough 作形容词时可以置于被修饰的名词前面或后面作定语。
【用法二】adv. 足够
例1:The little boy is not tall enough to reach the pear on the tree.
那个小男孩还不够高;他还摘不到树上的那个梨。
例2:The temperature is high enough to turn the ice into water.
这种温度跑以使冰融化成水。
注意:当enough 作副词修饰形容词时,它只能后置。
【用法三】n. 充分;足够
例1:Enough has been said on this subject .
关于这个问题说得已经够多了。
例2:They didn’t has enough to eat then.
那时他们常吃不饱。
6.charge
【用法一】vt. 充电
例如:The battery has to be charged again.
这个电瓶又要充电了。
【用法二】vt.要求付款(服务费用)
例如:The bicycle repairman charged me two yuan
那位修自行车的师傅让我付给他两元钱的修理费。
【用法三】vt.& vi. 突袭;猛冲
例1:Our soldiers charged the enemy at sunset .
太阳落山时,我军士兵向敌军发动了袭击。
例2:The angry man charged into the office , shouting at his boss.
那个愤怒的男子冲进办公室,冲他的老板大声吼骂起来。
【用法三】n. 负责。
例1:Who is charge of the project?
谁负责这个项目。
例2:The project is in the charge of Professor Lee.
这个项目由李教授负责。
7.conduct.
【用法一】vt.指导;引导
例如:His maid conducted us to the door.
她的女仆把我们领到门口。
【用法二】vt. (电流)通过;传导
例如:Copper conducts electricity better than other materials.
铜导电较其他物质佳。
【用法三】vt.指挥;管理
例如:The orchestra is conducted by her father.
这支管乐队由她的父亲指挥。
【相关链接】
1)conduction n. (热、电、水等的)传导
例如:The conduction of the water from the river to the city is excellent.
从这条河进入那个城市的输水系统情况非常好。
2)conductor n. (火车、汽车上的)收票员
例如:“Tickets , please. Tickets,” said the conductor .
那位列车验票员说:“请把票拿出来,验票啦。”
8.cross
【用法一】n. 十字架;(给错误评定符号的)叉
例1:The American wear a cross around his neck.
那个美国人脖子上系着一个(耶稣受难)十字架。
例2:I’ve got two crosses in my maths exercise book.
我的数学练习有两道题做错了(得了两个叉)。
【用法二】n. 杂交品种
例如:Her pet cat is a cross between a white cat and a black one.
她喂的那只宠物猫是由黑、白两种颜色不同的猫产下的杂交品种。
【用法三】vt. 横过;穿越
例如:look to either end of the street before you cross it .
横过街道前,你要看看街道两端时否有车辆(通过)。
9.sharp
【用法一】adj. 敏锐的;聪慧的
例如:He had sharp eyes and was able to tell everything in politics.
他目光敏锐,政治方面洞察秋毫。
【用法二】adj. 尖锐的;锋利的。
例如:Take care ! The knife is sharp.
当心!这把刀挺锋利的.
【用法三】adv. 准点
例如:The meeting began at 8:00 sharp.
会议在八点整准时开始。
【相关链接】 sharpen vt. 使尖锐
例如:He’s sharpening his pencil.
他在削铅笔。
10.Tear
【用法一】 vi. 撕
例如:Take care ! The cloth tears easily.
当心!这种布料很容易撕破。
【用法二】vi. 撕扯;揪(与at连用)
例如:seeing the box ,Mary tore at the paper around it, eager to see the gift in it.
一拿到那个盒子,玛丽就撕开外面的那层包装纸,急着看看盒子里装的是什么礼物。
【用法三】vt. 拆卸;拆除(与down连用)
例如:The workers are tearing down the houses to build a park
工人们正在拆除那些旧房子;建一个公园。
【用法四】vt. 撕开;撕裂。
例如:After reading the letter ,she tore it into pieces.
读完这封信,她就把它撕成了碎片。
【相关链接】 tear n. 眼泪
例如:When she heard the news, she burst into tears.
听到那消息时,她的眼泪夺眶而出。
(二)重要词组
1. in one’s opinion
in one’s opinion 在某人看来
例如:In my opinion ,we should let the children learn to operate computers.
我认为,我们应当让孩子学会操作电脑。
2. make use of
make use of 利用
例如:We should make full (good) use of our limited time .
我们应该充分(很好地)利用我们有限的时间。
3.a number of
a number of 很多(后接可数名词)
例如:A number of students spend too much time on computer games.
有很多学生在玩电脑游戏方面花的时间太多了。
【相关链接】
1) the number of ……的数目(谓语用单数)
例1:The number of the teachers in my school is 206.
我校教师人数是206名。
例2:What’s the number of the students in you class?
你班学生人数是多少?
例3:The number of the workers in the factory is large (small).
这家工厂的人数量真多(少)。
注意:不用many或few 与the number of 搭配。
2) number of 许多
例如:Numbers of men in the villages have gone to the front .
这些村的许多男子都上前线去了。
4.a great deal of
a great deal of 许多(后接不可数名词)
例如:He found a great deal of water over there.
他在那边发现了许多水。
【相关链接】
1) a good many 许多(后接可数名词复数)
例如:There are a good many new houses at the foot of the hill.
在那山脚下有许多新房子。
2) a lot of 许多(后接可数和不可数名词)
例1:There are a lot of mistakes in her homework
她的作业有很多错误
例2:There is a lot of water in the pail
水桶里面有许多水
5.protect…from
protect …from … 保护……免受损害
例如:In order to protect the sheep from the snowstorm, he drove them into the cave.
为了不使羊群遭到暴风雪的袭击,他把羊群赶进了洞穴。
6. go against
go against 与……相抗衡;抵触
例1:We mustn’t go against nature , or we’ll be punished by it .
我们绝不能违背大自然的规律,否则,我们将为此而遭到大自然的惩罚。
例2:In my opinion ,the school rule goes against the law.
我认为,条校规违背了法律。
7.Be made up of
be made up of 由……组成
例如:Our class committee is made up of seven students.
我们的班委会由七位学生组成。
【相关链接】
1) be made of 由……制成
例如:The toy car is made of wood.
这个玩具汽车是木头做的。
2) be made from 由……(提炼)制成
例如:The famous wine is made from rice and corn.
这种名酒是由稻谷和玉米酿制的。
3) make …into … 把……制成为……
例如:The workers are making glass into beautiful vases .
工人们把玻璃制成漂亮的花瓶。
(三)难句分析
1.I was beginning to think that the experiment would not word.
我逐渐觉得这种试验行不通。
【解析1】be beginning to +v. 表示一种程度的发展。
例如:We’re beginning to realize the importance of English.
我们开始认识到了英文的重要性。
【解析2】2work vi.有效果;起作用
例如:I’ve been taking the medicine for days, but it works little.
我已经连续几天在服用这种药,但是不甚见效。
2.Others followed even before the whole string was wet .and I was able to collect and store a great deal of electricity into the condenser.
其他风筝也发生了类似情况,甚至是在那根放飞的绳子全部湿透之前。这时,我完全可以将大量的电收集并储存到电容器里面去。
【解析】be able to +v. 表示“能够”
例如:The wounded so ldier was able to swim across the river.
那个受伤的士兵终于游过了河。
3.What works with animals often does not work with humans.
在动物身上做试验有效,用在人体时却经常无效。
【解析】这是一个由What 引导的主语从句;同时What 又作从句的主语。句谓语是does not work.
例如:What seems easy for her is usually hard for me.
一些在她看来十分容易的事情,对我来说却总是很难。
(四) 语法精讲
祈使句和构词法:
1.学习表示给出“指令”的方式,即“祈使句”。
例1:Add some more sugar to my milk ,please.
请再给我的牛奶加一点儿糖。
例2:Go and get today’s newspaper for me.
去帮我买一份今天的报纸。
例3:Take care! There comes the car .
当心!汽车来了。
例4:Be a good boy , Tom.
听话(乖一点儿),汤姆。
2.学习“构词法”的几种常用?