不定式用法分析及配套练习[上学期]
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非谓语动词----不定式
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）; 分词（Participle）。
#1.不定式的句法功能：
1）作主语：
eg. To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. / To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语
eg. It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It is very hard for us to finish the work in ten minutes
只用of 不用for的情况: 表语形容词是表示人的性格特征时，如kind, good, clever, stupid , etc ，用来表示动作的执行者。
eg. It’s very kind of you to help me.
2）作表语：
eg. Her job is to clean the hall. / He appears to have caught a cold.
3）作宾语：
eg. She wishes to be a doctor. / I forget to ring him up yesterday.
有时用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
eg. Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
4）作宾语补足语：
eg. Tell the children not to play in the street.
有些动词如make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel,等与不带to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
eg. I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.
I saw a little girl run across the street.A little girl was seen to run across the street.
5）作定语
基本结构
eg. I have a lot of work to do ./ Now I have no pen to write with
(主动形式表被动关系+不定式动词是不及物动词时后加介词)
eg. I have a meeting to attend. / He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
eg. He has no place to live. / This is the best way to work out this problem.
exercise: which one is right (B)
I’ll go to Shanghai. Do you have anything to take (A)
to be taken ( B )
名词后加不定式解释所修饰名词的内容：
eg. We have made a plan to finish the work.
Have you thought of a way to solve the problem
名词后加不定式表示即将发生的动作
eg. During the week to come, we’ll have several meetings.
6）作状语：
三层关系：
eg. He worked day and night to get the money.(目的)
He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.(结果)
He jumped with joy to hear the news (原因)
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right: To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
Sb.+be +adjective+to do sth. 不定式表示产生某种情绪的原因
eg. She’s ready to help others . / We are glad to see you here.
Sb./sth.+be+adjective+to do
eg. The chair is very comfortable to sit on./ The question is difficult to answer.
(主语和不定式动词是被动关系，但只能用主动语态，如不定式动词是vi,则加相应的介词)
7) what/which/how/when etc +to do ….. 不定式的复合结构
eg. My question is when to start the street.
Whether to do it or not has not been decided
8）作独立成分：
eg.To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.
#2.Voice and Tenses不定式的时态和语态变化
1) to do sth. / to be doing sth. / to have done sth.
eg. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
When he came in, I happened to be writing a letter.
2).语态
eg. I have a lot of things to do. / The question is very difficult to answer.
#3.不定式的省略：保留to省略do后的动词
If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to.
不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
Exercises:
1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
2. ____down the radio-----the baby is asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. To turn C.Turned D.Turn
3.do whatever you could _____ him.
A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped
4.He let me repeat his instruction ____sure that I understood what was _____ after he went away.
A. to make, to be done B. making, doing
C. to make, to do D. making, to do
5.Father will not ______us to use his recorders.
A. have B. let C. agree D. allow
6. John was made ______the truck for a week as punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
7.The missing boys were last seen ______nears the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
8.Is_____necessary to complete the design before National Day
A. this B. that C. it D. he
9.I don’t think ____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
10. There are so many kinds of taper—recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind _____to buy.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
11.When and where to build the new factory ____yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
12. I look forward _____you very much.
A. to see B. to be seeing C. to seeing D. to have seen
13.I haven’t decided which hotel_________.
A. to stay B. is to stay at C. to stay at D. is for staying
14.He died, but we are sure that he was happy _______his life for his country.
A. to give B. give C. had given D. to have given
15. The beggar is said _______a very rich man when he was young.
A. to be B. having been C. being D. to have been
16. I haven’t got a chair_______.
A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting
17. Professor Black had us ____composition every Friday.
A. to write B. written C. write D. wrote
Answers:
1-5 BDBAD 6-10 AACDB 11-15 ACCDD 16-17 CC
PAGE
4
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）; 分词（Participle）。
#1.不定式的句法功能：
1）作主语：
eg. To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. / To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语
eg. It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It is very hard for us to finish the work in ten minutes
只用of 不用for的情况: 表语形容词是表示人的性格特征时，如kind, good, clever, stupid , etc ，用来表示动作的执行者。
eg. It’s very kind of you to help me.
2）作表语：
eg. Her job is to clean the hall. / He appears to have caught a cold.
3）作宾语：
eg. She wishes to be a doctor. / I forget to ring him up yesterday.
有时用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
eg. Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
4）作宾语补足语：
eg. Tell the children not to play in the street.
有些动词如make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel,等与不带to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
eg. I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.
I saw a little girl run across the street.A little girl was seen to run across the street.
5）作定语
基本结构
eg. I have a lot of work to do ./ Now I have no pen to write with
(主动形式表被动关系+不定式动词是不及物动词时后加介词)
eg. I have a meeting to attend. / He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
eg. He has no place to live. / This is the best way to work out this problem.
exercise: which one is right (B)
I’ll go to Shanghai. Do you have anything to take (A)
to be taken ( B )
名词后加不定式解释所修饰名词的内容：
eg. We have made a plan to finish the work.
Have you thought of a way to solve the problem
名词后加不定式表示即将发生的动作
eg. During the week to come, we’ll have several meetings.
6）作状语：
三层关系：
eg. He worked day and night to get the money.(目的)
He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.(结果)
He jumped with joy to hear the news (原因)
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right: To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
Sb.+be +adjective+to do sth. 不定式表示产生某种情绪的原因
eg. She’s ready to help others . / We are glad to see you here.
Sb./sth.+be+adjective+to do
eg. The chair is very comfortable to sit on./ The question is difficult to answer.
(主语和不定式动词是被动关系，但只能用主动语态，如不定式动词是vi,则加相应的介词)
7) what/which/how/when etc +to do ….. 不定式的复合结构
eg. My question is when to start the street.
Whether to do it or not has not been decided
8）作独立成分：
eg.To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.
#2.Voice and Tenses不定式的时态和语态变化
1) to do sth. / to be doing sth. / to have done sth.
eg. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
When he came in, I happened to be writing a letter.
2).语态
eg. I have a lot of things to do. / The question is very difficult to answer.
#3.不定式的省略：保留to省略do后的动词
If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to.
不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
Exercises:
1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
2. ____down the radio-----the baby is asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. To turn C.Turned D.Turn
3.do whatever you could _____ him.
A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped
4.He let me repeat his instruction ____sure that I understood what was _____ after he went away.
A. to make, to be done B. making, doing
C. to make, to do D. making, to do
5.Father will not ______us to use his recorders.
A. have B. let C. agree D. allow
6. John was made ______the truck for a week as punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
7.The missing boys were last seen ______nears the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
8.Is_____necessary to complete the design before National Day
A. this B. that C. it D. he
9.I don’t think ____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
10. There are so many kinds of taper—recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind _____to buy.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
11.When and where to build the new factory ____yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
12. I look forward _____you very much.
A. to see B. to be seeing C. to seeing D. to have seen
13.I haven’t decided which hotel_________.
A. to stay B. is to stay at C. to stay at D. is for staying
14.He died, but we are sure that he was happy _______his life for his country.
A. to give B. give C. had given D. to have given
15. The beggar is said _______a very rich man when he was young.
A. to be B. having been C. being D. to have been
16. I haven’t got a chair_______.
A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting
17. Professor Black had us ____composition every Friday.
A. to write B. written C. write D. wrote
Answers:
1-5 BDBAD 6-10 AACDB 11-15 ACCDD 16-17 CC
PAGE
4