Unit 21 Lesson 2 brain power[下学期]

课件51张PPT。Unit 21 Human Biology
Warm-up
Listening Strategies: Prediction
Before you listen, read the text and predict what kind of information you need to fill in the gaps, especially use the key words.1. brain2. lungsheart3. liver4. stomach5. kidneysMemory: 4281464 3362976
13467589236 15948637980
010 - 61157358 0511 - 2469735
Hearing:
Heart: How many times does his/her heart beat in one minute?Thank you!Lesson 2Lesson 2 Brain Power
atom
billion
cell
nerve cell
organone thousand milliona part of the body that has a particular purpose, e.g. the heartthe smallest piece of something that can exist alonea tiny part of the body that helps carry messages to and form the braina unit of living matter2. The brain consists of grey and_______ matter. It weighs ______________. It uses _____ of the body’s energy. It contains over ______________ which make up cells. These nerve cells are connected by electrical impulses. There are more possible connections in one brain than there are ___________________ . Scientists have mapped different areas of the brain which are responsible for _________________.
The areas of the brain related to controlling __________ ________ could be compared to mininature film studios. Our eyes and ears send signals __________, and it is our brain that interprets these signals and builds up a picture of the outside world. Scientists have also identified areas responsible for different emotions, such as _____, love and laughter. There are also different areas for different types of thinking, such as learning your own language and learning a ________ language.whitejust over a kilo20%100 billion cellsatoms in the universedifferent functionssight and hearingall the timefearforeignListen to the lesson again and answer these questions.
How do you think the teacher feels about his subject?
2. What example does he use to explain the way the brain controls different parts of the body?
3. What does he compare to a film studio?A. Enthusiastic B. Sad C. EncouragedA. A book B. A machine C. A computer The areas of the brain related to controlling sight and hearing.√√Which piece of advice do you think is the most useful? Why?Dan’s adviceCharlotte’s adviceMike’s adviceplan the revisionmake a list of the things you’ve got to study and do the most important things firstget some exercisedon’t drink a lot of coffeegive yourself rewards and a break5. Giving and Asking for Advice
You ______ eat a healthy diet and get enough sleep.
__________ have you got for me and our listeners?
I think ________________ plan your revision.
I think you ________ make a list of all the things you’ve got to study.
________ you give us some advice?
_____________, I’d get some exercise.
You _________ get some fresh air.
You __________ drink lots of coffee.
You _________ give yourself rewards.mustWhat tipsit’s important toshouldCouldIf I were youought toshouldn’tneed toI’d ______ you to treat yourself.
You __________ give yourself a break.
_________ after a certain amount of time I can’t concentrate any more and _______________in that.
advisehave got toI find thatthere’s no pointLanguage points:
a. contain:及物动词 vt. 包含；容纳
Does this box contain biscuits? 这个盒子里有饼干吗？ How much will this bottle contain? 这个瓶子容量多少？
及物动词 vt. 控制；抑制（情绪）
He could not contain himself for anger. 他不能控制自己的怒气。
I couldn‘t contain myself for joy. 我喜不自禁。
container n. 容器include:动词 v. 包括；包含
The track events will include dashes, middle distance races, long distance races, etc. 竞赛项目包括短跑、中长跑等。
The price of the dictionary includes postage charges. 字典的价钱包括邮费在内。
The class of twenty includes seven girls. 全班二十人中包括有七个女生。
动词 v. 包括 I include you among my friends. 我把你作为我的朋友。
sb. / sth. included including sb. / sth.make up 1.编造，虚构 The student made up an excuse for his being late. 那个学生为他的迟到编造了一个借口。
Their father is good at making up bed time stories. 他们的父亲很擅长睡觉前编些故事讲给他们听。
2. 组成，形成
Six women and nineteen men make up the committee. 六位妇女和十九位男人组成了这委员会。
Make up sentences with the words given. 用所给的词组成句子。3. 调停，和解 The two friends have only just made it up after their quarrel. 这两朋友吵架后刚刚和好。
4. 化装，打扮 The girl made up her face carefully before going to meet James. 这姑娘在与詹姆斯会面之前，精心地打扮了一番。
5. 补偿，弥补 You are responsible for the money and you will have to make up the loss. 这笔款由你负责，如有丢失，你得赔偿。
She's making up for all the playing she missed. 她在弥补她过去失去的所有玩耍的机会。c. be responsible for
responsible:形容词比较级： more responsible 最高级： most responsible adj. 负责任的 She is a responsible teacher. 她是个认真负责的老师。
I am not responsible to you for my actions. 对我的行为我没有向你交待的义务。
He is a responsible person and can be trusted to carry out the plan. 他是一个负责的人，他去执行计划可以信赖。be / hold responsible for. 承担责任。
He should be responsible for that.
他应该对此事负有责任。
You are supposed to be responsible for them.
你是应当对他们负责的。
Our responsibility is will be responsible for to the people.
我们的责任是要向人民负责。d. relate to 1.与…有关；涉及 This paragraph relates to the October Revolution. 这一节内容是论述十月革命的。
2. 很好相处；适应 She's best at relating to people. 她最善于与人们相处。
I can't relate to classical music.
我对古典音乐不太了解也不太喜欢。
Some adults can't relate to children.
有些成年人不理解儿童的想法。
This report does not relate to him.
这项报告并不是在说他。e compare 1.及物动词 vt. 比较；对照 Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right. 把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。 My handwriting can not be compared with my father‘s. 我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。 If you compare the two books, you will see that this one is better. 如果你比较一下这两本书，你会发现这一本好一些。
2. 及物动词 vt. 喻为；比拟 Man's life is often compared to a candle. 人生常比为蜡烛。 Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。 3. Let's compare 1975 with 1979.
请大家对比一下一九七五年和一九七九年的情况。
A musician beyond compare.
无与伦比的音乐家
be compare to sth. 把…与…相比
be compare with sth. 与…相比较
He compare book to friend.
他把书比做朋友。f. diet 名词 1. n. 饮食；食物
Cows have a diet of grass. 牛的食物是草。
He eats simple diet. 他吃简单的饮食。
名词 n. 特种饮食 The physician put him on a special diet. 内科医生给他吃特定的食物。
a costly diet 昂贵的饮食
a high protein diet 高蛋白质饮食 · follow a strict diet 严格遵照饮食规定
2. 及物动词 vt. 规定或限制饮食 I like to diet myself on vegetables. 我喜欢吃素食。
I was obliged to diet myself. 我不得不节食。 A low cholesterol diet. 低胆固醇饮食
A bland diet. 不油腻的饮食
A jejune diet. 缺乏营养的食物
A vegetarian diet. 素餐
An unhealthy diet. 不卫生的饮食
3.Diet of Worms
判马丁路德为异教徒的会议
4.（有意识地）减轻体重；节食
Vary one's diet. 使某人的饮食多样化
I'm on a diet. 我在节食。
Be careful of your diet. 注意饮食。g. advice 1.不可数名词 n.[U] 忠告；意见 I took my father’s advice and went to the station early. 我听从父亲的劝告，很早就去车站了。 Let me give you a piece of advice. 我给你进一句忠告吧。 friendly advice 友好的忠告 legal advice 律师意见 medical advice 医生的劝告；医嘱
accept one’s advice 接受某人的意见；听从某人的劝告 ask for advice 征求意见 follow one’s advice 遵从某人的嘱咐 give advice 提出意见；提出劝告 offer advice 提出意见；提出劝告 seek advice 征求意见 reject one's advice 拒绝某人的劝告 advise :及物动词 vt. 劝告；出主意 Who is the best man to advise me on the question? 在这个问题上谁作我们的参谋最好？ The doctor advised a complete rest. 医生嘱咐要完全休息。 He was advised against wrong. 他接受劝告不做坏事。 We advise their starting early. 我们劝他们早些出发。 I advise that he go at once. 我劝他马上走。
advise sb. against sth. 劝告
I strongly advise against it.我强烈建议别这样做。
advise with sb. about sth. 同某人商量某事，就某事请教某人
advise with sb. on sth.
同某人商量某事，就某事请教某人 h. practice & practise
practice 1. 不可数名词 n. [U] 实践；练习；熟练 Don‘t talk so much about your ideas, but put them into practice and find out whether they have any real value. 别老谈你的那些想法，去实践一下吧，看它们能否真有价值。 It takes a lot of practice to play the piano well. 弹好钢琴需要大量的练习。 2. 名词 n. （医生或律师的）开业；业务 Dr. Price has a large practice. 普赖斯医生有许多病人找他诊治。 My lawyer has a very good practice. 我的律师的业务繁忙。 3. in practice熟练的 It seems to be a good plan. But will it be any good in practice? 看来这是个好方案。不过在实践中行得通（或有用）吗？
4. out of (not in) practice荒疏的 I used to be able to play well but I'm out of (not in) practice now. 我原来玩（或弹，吹，打，下）得很好，但因为不练习，荒疏了。 educational practice 教育实习
Graduation Practice 毕业实习
Metalworking Practice 金工实习
moral practice 道德实践
Practice economy 厉行节约
productive practice 生产实习
Social practice 社会实践
characteristic or habitual practice.
独特的或习惯的行为。
Contractual practice/usage
合同惯例practise 1. v. 实行；实践 You should practise what you tell other people to do. 你叫别人去做的事，你自己应该实行。 2.动词 v. 练习 He is practising the piano now. 他现在正在练（习弹）钢琴。 The trouble is we don‘t practise enough. 问题是我们练习得不够。 The team is practising for the match on Saturday. 这个队正在为星期六的比赛进行训练。 We often practise speaking English among ourselves. 我们经常互相间练习讲英语。 f. exercise 1. 不可数名词 n.[U] 体育锻炼 I walk to work every day because it is good exercise. 我每天步行上班，因为那是很好的运动。 Have plenty of exercise every day, children. 孩子们，每天要有充分的锻炼。 2. 可数名词 n.[C] 做操，运动 Have you done your exercises today? 你今天做操了吗？ We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。
3. 可数名词 n.[C] （作业）练习 We do English exercises to help us learn good English. 我们要做英文练习以便学好英语。He is doing an exercise in English grammar. 他在做英语语法练习。 4. 可数名词 n.[C] 操练，演习 One hundred ships left harbour today for exercises at sea. 今天一百艘船离港去海上演习。 military exercises 军事操练 5. 动词 v. 锻炼，运动 I must exercise more to improve my health. 我必须多做些运动来增进健康。 You should exercise every day. 你应当天天锻炼。 动词 6. v. 利用，运用 People exercises their rights. 人民行使了他们的权力。 h. reward 1. vt. 酬谢 I rewarded you for your help. 我为你所给予的帮助而酬谢你。 He was well rewarded by the kind things people said about him. 人们表扬了他，这就是对他很好的奖励。
2.及物动词 vt. 结果 Success has rewarded my efforts. 成功是我努力的结果。 3.名词 n. 报酬；酬谢；报答 He was given a reward for passing the examination. 他因考试及格而得到奖品。 He worked hard all his life but without much reward. 他辛勤一生，但得到的报酬却很少。 rewards and penalties 赏与罚 i. break broke broken 1.vt. 打破 The boy broke a cup. 那孩子打破了一只茶杯。 Billy broke his coloured pencils. 比利折断了他的颜色铅笔。
2.及物动词 vt. 违背；违反 Once again he broke his words. 他又一次违背了他的诺言。 Don‘t break our rules. 别违反我们的规章制度。 3.及物动词 vt. 停止；中断 You should break the habit of smoking. 你应当戒掉吸烟的习惯。 Nothing broke the stillness. 没有任何声音打破沉寂。break one’s sleep 打扰某人睡眠 4. 及物动词 vt. 告诉；使知道；泄露 Someone must have broken the bad news to him. 一定有人把这坏消息告诉他了。 5.及物动词 vt. 破（记录）；超越；超过 She broke the former record. 她打破以前的记录。 6. 及物动词 vt. 损坏某人的健康；失去健康；使衰弱 He is breaking slowly. 他慢慢地衰弱了。 7. 及物动词 vt. 损坏；损伤 My watch is broken. 我的表坏了。1. 不及物动词 vi. （指云层、黑暗等）散开；消失；消散 The mist was breaking. 雾逐渐消散。 2.不及物动词 vi. 破；碎；断裂；坏掉 My stick will break soon. 我的手杖快断了。 3.不及物动词 vi. （指一天的）破晓 Day broke, he was still working. 天亮了，他还在干。 The day broke when they started. 他们出发时天已亮了。 1.名词 n. 破裂；裂缝（口） The sun is shining through a break in the clouds. 太阳通过云层的缝隙放射光芒。 There is a break in the bag. 袋子有个裂缝口。3.名词 n. 短暂的休息时间 The bell rang for the break. 课间休息的铃响了。 Let's have a break from TV 咱们歇一会，暂时别看电视了。1. break a promise. 不要失信。 Why have you broken your promise to help me? 你怎么违反要帮助我的诺言呢？
2. break away from 逃脱；摆脱 They broke away from the guards. 他们摆脱看守逃跑了。 You must break away from such bad habits. 你必须革除这样的坏习惯。
3. 出毛病；不运转 The machine broke down. 机器坏了。 Then the car I was in broke down. 这时我乘坐的汽车坏了。 开始哭起来 He broke down when he heard that his bird was dead. 当他听说他的鸟死了，就哭了起来。压倒；破除 They broke down all opposition. 他们把反对意见都压了下去。 break down old conventions 打破陈规 中断 The conversation broke down at this point. 这时候谈话中断了。
4. broke forth 迸发；突然… burst out A shout of joy broke forth. 突然发出欢快的叫声。
5. break into 破门而入；闯进 We had to break into the house as we had lost the key. 我们把钥匙丢了，只好破（或撬）门而入。 6. break in 开始活动；着手一项事业 His father broke in with us last year. 他父亲去年开始和我们一起工作。 打断谈话；突然大声地讲话 Listen attentively; don't break in so often. 注意听，别老是插嘴。 7. 折断；断开 Don’t break off the branch. 勿折树枝。 They broke off their conversation. 他们突然停止了谈话。
8. break one’s heart 使心碎；使极端伤心 The bad boy broke his mother‘s heart. 这坏孩子使他妈的心伤透了。
9. 爆发；突然发生 无被动语态 A fire broke out near here yesterday. 昨天此地附近发生了一场火灾。 逃脱；逃走 Those encircled there were unable to break out. 被包围在那里的人无法逃出。 The prisoners broke out of their cell. 囚犯们逃出了牢房。 7. 犯法；破坏法律 broke the law 8. 冲破；突围 We broke through countless enemy encirclements and blockades until we finally reached northern Shanxi. 我们突破了敌人无数次的包围和封锁，最后到达陕北。
9. break up 结束 T he meeting broke up at five. 会议在五点钟的时候散了。 School breaks up in July. 学校七月放假。 制止；驱散 The policeman broke up the fight. 警察制止了这场斗殴。 They tried to break up the meeting. 他们企图驱散集会的人。 10. break with 与…绝交 break with a bad habit 去掉坏习惯 break with one‘s family 与家庭断绝往来
a break of voice变声
a break with the past与过去决裂
at the break of day在黎明
make a break for home奔逃回家 j. certain&some
1. 形容词 adj. 可靠的；肯定无疑的 I am certain he‘ll come,in spite of the bad weather. 尽管天气不好，我确信他会来的。 He is certain to do his duty. 他肯定会尽职。 I’m certain that he has wronged me. 我确信他委曲了我。 Are you certain about (=of) it? 你对此有把握吗？ 2. 形容词 adj. 某一；一些 some A certain person called on you yesterday. 昨天有个人来探访你。 Certain things are not openly spoken about. 有些事是不能公开说的。 for certain肯定地；确凿地 make certain 把…弄确实；搞清楚
Certain sign precede certain event.
事情发生，必有先兆。
I'm certain. 我肯定。
a certain Ms. Johnson. 一位约翰逊女士
be not certain whether... 不能确定是否…some形容词 1. adj. 一些；若干；有些 I‘ve bought some cake for you. 我给你买了一些蛋糕。 Go to the supermarket and buy some tomatoes and some meat. 到超级市场去买一些西红柿和肉来。 2. 形容词 adj. 某一（人或物） There’s some man at the door -- go and see what he wants. 门口有个人，你去看看他有什么事。 Some girl called while you were out 你不在时，有个女孩打过电话。 He went to some place in Africa. 他到非洲某地去了。k. point名词 1. n. 尖；尖端 I‘m putting a point on this stick. 我在把这根棍子削出尖儿来。 It looks like the point of a needle. 它象是针尖。 2. 名词 n. 点 dot(.) Do you see this point on the map? 你看见地图上这一点了吗？ 3. 名词 n. 地点；时刻 At this point the car stopped. 车子停在此地。 We are on the point of leaving. 我们刚好要离去。 It started to rain and, at that point, we went home. 就在开始下雨的那会儿，我们回家了。be off the point:离题
to the point:涉及要点
at all points各方面地；全部细节地；完全地
We were safe guarded at all points. 我们有充分的保卫措施。
in point of fact:事实上，就事实而论；真正地
But in point of fact, he has never been near India in his life. 可是实事上，他一生从没有到过印度。
正要…的时候 I was on the point of going out when the phone rang. 我正要出去，电话响了。 正要…的时候 I was on the point of going out when the phone rang. 我正要出去，电话响了。
指向；瞄准 He pointed a gun at the deer. 他把枪对准那只鹿。
说及；指出 They pointed her out as the famous singer. 他们指认出她是有名的歌唱家。 He pointed out the importance of the work. 他指出这一工作的重要性。 If I make any mistakes, please point them out. 如果我出了错，请指出。 指向；说明 The magnetic needle points to the north. 磁针指向北方。
强调；显示 The report card points up his talent for math. 这份成绩单显示了他的数学才能。 Our teacher points up the importance of the fact. 我们老师强调了事情的重要性。