2006年高考英语短文改错临场技法、考情预测及押题[下学期]
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| 名称 | 2006年高考英语短文改错临场技法、考情预测及押题[下学期] |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-06-01 23:14:00 | ||
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2006年高考英语短文改错临场技法、考情预测及押题
一、步步为赢
1、通篇考虑
英语短文改错是以一篇短文作为材料，因此短文改错要考虑语篇结构中的前后语义联系和行文逻辑关系，依此来判断前后语义是否通顺以及连词和逻辑承接语是否正确。
2、依句查错
英语短文改错一般"题以行出，错从句生"，因此必须以句子而不是以每行为意义单位来分析。分析复合句和并列句查连词，分析每个主句、从句和单句时查句法和语法错误，最后分析组成句子的各部分中的词法错误。
3、瞻前顾后
分析时必须行行兼顾，甚至要注意后几行与前几行之间的语义联系，在查找正确的一行时也要行行兼顾综合分析，以确保该行正确无误，从而避免影响其他行的改错。
4、仔细复查
做完一题后要快速把正确答案代入短文中默读一遍，以便检查答案是否正确。
二、 "三查，一结合"
1、查特殊词
主要是查名词（单、复数的运用以及其前是否需要冠词），代词（指代是否明确及其数、格的变化），动词（动词原形，第三人称单数，非谓语动词形式是否正确），形容词和副词（原级，比较级，最高级）等等。
2、查短语搭配
主要查名词与介词的搭配，形容词与介词的搭配和动词的功能搭配。
请记住：出现介词必查！
3、查句法
主要查主谓一致，时态，句子之间必要的连接，平行结构现象等等。
4、"一结合"：结合常识和上下文，弄清语意，理清逻辑关系
三、读题三原则
1 .整体理解2.多向思维3.先易后难
四、审题三中心
1. 以句子为中心2. 以实词为中心3.以错词为中心
五、做题三准则
1. 以改动最少为准则2. 以保持原意为准则3.以"多错""少正"为准则
六、不改原则
1、不改拼写近年的改错题无此类错误。
2、不改词序虽然在平时学习中词序是重点，但受"一对一"原则的影响，此类错误不可能命题。
3、不改大小写虽不命题，但注意不要误将大写写成小写。
4、不改词义这里的词义指实词词义。平时不少同学认为某个词不通顺，不准确，就换成另一词，这是不允许的。
七、易错提醒
1、注意英汉两种语言的差别，英语中有些语言现象是汉语所没有的，如冠词、可数名词的单复数形式、动词时态以及第三人称单数形式等，因而容易被考生忽视而错用。
2、英语中的介词、人称代词、被动语态短语结构以及主从复合句中的关系代词和关系副词的使用等较之汉语要复杂得多，考生亦出错。
3、忽视英语中的"对称"现象。在表达对称概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，其时态及其形式应一致；形容词与形容词相配，要注意只有程度相当的形容词才能配合使用，如原级形容词与原级形容词相配等；分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配；对称结构常借助于并列连词and，or等完成。
4、做题要规范。要严格按照规定的符号改错，切勿离开文后的10道横线，在短文的字里行间涂涂改改。
短文改错考情预测
1.短文改错内容仍将是贴近学生生活的话题以及社会热点话题。体裁仍以应用文、记叙文、说明文为主。
2.仍将注重对习惯用语、句子结构和句型的考查，在强调对文章内容整体理解的同时，对特定语境中阅读能力的考查将进一步加强。
3. "136"一直为题型设计的准绳，即：只有一行正确；缺词和多词共占三行；六行需要找出错误并改正。谓语动词仍将是2005年短文改错考查的重点，其次是非谓语动词、形容词、代词、名词等；对虚词考查的比例仍不会减少，而且干扰的难度将有所增大，对考生逻辑思维能力的考查力度也将继续加强。
4.短文改错会基本保持平稳，在设错角度上仍会考虑中国考生的思维习惯，从考生最易犯错的知识点上进行设计。 命题会在进一步淡化语法的同时，加大对篇章综合的能力的考查力度。
下面具体从短文改错题型、命题角度和解题思路几个方面探讨05年高考命题趋势，帮助各位考生把握设错规律，增强对错误表达的敏感度，提高改错的准确率。
▲考点一 错词
错词的类型很多，具体参见下表：
命题角度 考点 解题思路
名词 冠词 判断名词前的冠词是否误用
名词 名词的数 句中名词该用单数还是复数动词
动词 时态、语态以及主谓一致 根据上下文判断动词时态、语态是否有误、主谓搭配是否正确
非谓语动词 分词、动名词、不定式 根据上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用
代词 人称代词的格、指示代词及关系代词与从句关系 1.人称代词的格是否误用 2.代词前后指代是否一致3.定语从句中关系词是否误用
形容词、副词 词法 判断句中形容词和副词是否误用
介词 惯用法 惯用法中介词是否误用
连词 句法 判断句中并列连词、从属连词是否误用
▲考点二 少词（漏词）
漏掉的往往是冠词、介词、连词等虚词，这又与前后词语的搭配有关。不是固定搭配的要特别注意行文习惯或者上下文之间的逻辑关系。请看下表：
命题角度 考点 解题思路
名词 冠词 名词前是否缺冠词
不及物动词 介词 不及物动词后是否缺介词
不定式 小品词"to" 不定式中是否缺少了不该省的"to"
被动语态 助动词 被动语态结构中是否缺少了助动词"be"
母语迁移 词类用法 将形容词、副词或介词视作动词，使句子缺少谓语动词
固定搭配 惯用法 惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的词
▲考点三 多词
多余的词往往是结构词，如冠词、介词、副词等。一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点、搭配和含义判断是否多了冠词、介词或副词。另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断是否多了连词和其他词。
命题角度 考点 解题思路
名词 冠词 抽象名词，物质名词泛指是否多了冠词
动词 介词 及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词
不定式 小品词"to" 不定式前是否多了应该省略的"to"
时间状语 介词 时间状语中是否多了介词
形容词、副词 比较结构 形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了相似词
固定搭配 惯用法 固定搭配是否"画蛇添足"
常见的语义重复现象，不能与括号内的词并用。
because-(so)though/although-(but) repay-(back)repeat-(the same, again)
return-(back) combine-(together) unite-(together) hate-(very much)
master-(well) advance-(forward) improve-(better) sink-(down)
renew-(again) about/around-(or so) walk-(on foot) alone-(by oneself)
still-(remain) meet-(together) no-(not any/not a ) think over-(carefully)
(very)-perfect (very)-excellent (very)-tiny (very)-huge
can-(be able to) be about to do-(at once/immediately)
both-(equal, equally, together)
enter-(into) take good care of-(carefully)
议论文
【押题依据】高考短文改错体裁也采用议论文，其内容涉及日常生活、社会热点、习俗等等。
[押题一]
Though great progress has been made in science these years,there 1.______
are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives 2.______
by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school 3.______
because they have not enough money to send their children to there. 4.______
Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now 5.______
The answer lies on the population explosion. A president 6.______
of a developing country once said, "It is us who are to blame for 7.______
the poverty because we used to ‘produce’ child without limit." 8.______
Although this few words sound simple enough, they have 9.______
clear pointed out one of the causes of the population explosion. 10.______
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查让步状语从句 易在there前误加but 正确
2 考查固定短语 make a/one’s living 考生误写为make their livings
3 考查名词的数 根据语境判断名词的单复数 用过的物品应当为复数，thing表示"东西"时是可数名词
4 考查副词的用法 there作状语 there是副词，前面不需要介词
5 考查插入语 特殊疑问词﹢插入语﹢其他 掌握插入语的用法如：Why do you think so many people still suffer from poverty？
6 考查动词短语 区别lie in，lie on的用法 lie in 是固定短语，表示"在于"
7 考查强调结构 强调主语 这是强调结构，强调的是原句中的主语we
8 考查名词的数 child 应当用复数形式 children指孩子们，是复数
9 考查指示代词 this指单数 用复数意义的词修饰名词复数words
10 考查副词 修饰动词或动词短语应用副词 文中point out为动词短语，应当用副词clearly来修饰
答案： 1.√2.lives→living3.thing→things4.去掉第二个to5.Why后面加do6.on→in7.us→we8.child→children9.this→these10.clear→clearly
说明文
【押题依据】2004年全国卷Ⅲ体裁为说明文（因特网的优缺点）。说明文通常是反映时代发展、歌颂时代变化及社会热点问题。如：自然资源保护、环境、人口等。
[押题一]
Man depends water for many years. He needs it for drinking. 1._______
He needs it for growing food. He needs it for keeping him clean 2._______
and free from illness. He needs it more and more water for 3._______
industry. People often forget what necessary water is for industry. 4._______
Imagine, for example, a large quantity of water is using by great 5._______
cooling towers of a steel plant. The demand of water is growing 6._______
every day. It is close connected with the increasing population 7._______
and with the pressing problem of provide enough food. 8._______
But the world has not yet found way of storing enough 9._______
water to satisfy all these important needs. 10._______
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查动词短语 depend on depend on +名词"依赖……"
2 考查动词短语 keep+反身代词+adj. keep oneself clean保持自身清洁
3 考查句子结构 宾语it重复 more and more water作needs的宾语，it多余
4 考查感叹句的引导词 what和how引导感叹句的用法区别 文中necessary为形容词，what应用来修饰名词，how用来修饰形容词或副词
5 考查动词语态 根据语境判断语态 "水"与"使用"是被动关系，应使用过去分词used
6 考查介词 demand与介词for搭配 of 表示所属关系
7 考查副词 closely表示抽象意义 be closely connected with 与……有密切关系
8 考查介词的搭配 of 后跟动名词,构成介词短语 provide 在句子中是介词of的宾语，应该用动名词
9 考查名词和冠词 可数名词前要加冠词 way办法，是可数名词，如果是单数，前面应用冠词a或the；否则就应以复数形式ways出现
10 考查综合运用能力 限定词的排列 正确
答案：1.depends 后加on2.him→himself3.删去it4.what→how5.using→used6.of→for7.close→closely8.provide→providing9.way前加a/the10.√
[押题二]
As the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send 1. ________
electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Year’s paring with 2. ________
the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively, for you 3. ________
can get not only pictures but also the background music and even animated 4. ________
cartoons. Otherwise, it’s faster to send an electronic card. There are many 5. ________
web sites on line which different varieties of cards are available. You can 6. ________
choose one you like best for your friend and relatives. If none of these cards 7. ________
are of any interest to you, you can design cards of unique style use 8. ________
FLASH or other software. More importantly, because the popularity of 9. ________
electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, it contributes 10. ________
to environmental protection.
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查介词的搭配 with后跟名词短语，as后跟句子 with the development of 随着……的发展
2 考查非谓语动词短语结构 主动与被动是考虑的重点 根据句意,要使用被动形式compared
3 考查多音节形容词比较级结构 more用在多音节形容词前 此行只起干扰作用,没有错误
4 考查冠词 物质名词和抽象名词前不用冠词 background music背景音乐
5 考查连词 根据语境判断逻辑关系 besides ,moreover再者,另外
6 考查关系词 where作状语 which限定名词
7 考查名词的数 并列名词的数要一致 your friends and relatives您的亲朋好友
8 考查分词 现在分词作后置定语 using作后置定语修饰style
9 考查连词的使用 区别because和because of 由于是名词短语,所以应该用because of
10 考查非限制性定语从句 判断非限制性定语从句的依据 由该句中逗号可以判断出是非限制性定语从句
答案：
1.As→With2.Comparing→Compared3. √4.去掉the5.Otherwise→Besides/Moreover6. which→where7 friend→friends8. use→using9. because后加of10.it→which
[押题三]
The size and shape of your ears show your character much 1._______
than any other part of the face．
Reading people’s character from their ears are an old science． 2._______
In past，people thought that a person with big ears had a 3._______
well and pleasant character．They thought a person with pale and 4._______
small ears was dangerous．He also thought the shape of the ear 5._______
showed that whether a person was musical or not． 6._______
Ears are all different．Last time you look at a person，see if 7._______
his or her ears are red and pale．Ears that are red mean that a 8._______
person may have high blood pressure (压力). Ears that are 9._______
always cold and pale mean that a person had a nervous character． 10._______
And a big hole inside the ear means a person may be musical．
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查程度副词 than 是考虑的重点 more than 是解题的关键
2 考查主谓一致 动名词短语作主语的用法 reading people’s character动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数形式
3 考查冠词 in the past 在过去 名词前的冠词是考虑的重点
4 考查形容词 并列形容词作定语 and连接两个并列的形容词
5 考查代词 根据上下文,注意代词的一致 上文they已经暗示
6 考查连词 连词重复问题 that与whether重复
7 考查语言运用 区别last time和next time next time表示"下一次、今后"，last time表示"上次"
8 考查连词 区别and, or的用法 由句意可判断用or
9 考查冠词 易在high前误加a 此行正确
10 考查动词时态 分析全句主体时态 以一般现在时为主
答案： 1.much→more2.are→is3.past前加the4.well→good5.He→They6.去掉that7.Last→Next8.and→or9.√10.had→has
记叙文
【押题依据】记叙文是中学生短文改错的重要文体，可考查时态、语态变化，上下文一致等，其中2002、2003、2004年全国卷均为记叙文。2005年高考这种体裁的出现率极高。在复习备考过程中，要高度重视！
[押题一]
A special way of thanks
One day some people on the shore listened shouts 1._________
for help. They ran up to the sea. A soldier jumped 2._________
into the water and ran to the man. He was a good3 3._________
swimmer and soon pulled the man back the shore. Now 4._________
everyone saw that what the man was a very rich man. 5._________
He went to the soldier, taking out a shilling(先令) 6._________
and gave it to him. And the soldier refused to take 7._________
it and went far away. The people there were very 8._________
angry with the young man. And an old woman said 9._________
laughing, "I’m sure that the rich man knows how much 10._________
his life is worth!" Everyone there agreed with the woman and laughed too.
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查动词 listen to和hear 的区别 listen to强调动作；hear强调结果。"一天岸上的一些人听见呼救声"，表示结果
2 考查副词 up和down的用法区别及根据文章语境灵活运用词语的能力 down表示由高向低，由北向南, 文章意思是"由岸上向海滩跑去"，表示由高处向低处
3 考查语言运用能力 根据语境判断常识能力 由上句跳入水中可推断是向落水者游去，而不是跑
4 考查动词短语的搭配 pull...back to 向岸边拉为"pull...back to"，类似结构go back to
5 考查复合句的连词 解决连词重复问题 此句为宾语从句,用that引导,无词义，what多余
6 考查语法一致 并列谓语时态一致问题 由and可知took应与went，gave时态一致
7 考查连词 根据语境判断逻辑关系 根据文意"富人想回报救命恩人，但是遭到拒绝"，是转折关系，应用But
8 考查动词短语 go away 固定搭配 go away表示"离去"，far 在此短语中起干扰作用
9 考查通篇理解能力 理解全文内容，综合判断用词错误 孤立地看这一句是没有错误的，但是通读全文可知应是"富人"而不是"年轻人"
10 综合分析判断能力 there ,too 是干扰点 通读全文，综合分析可知此行正确
答案：1.listened→heard2.up→down3.ran→swam4.back后加to5.去掉what6.taking→took7.And→But8.去掉far9. young→rich10.√
[押题二]
An unforgettable experience
When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing
in the tests. I was feeling very nervous. I had not studied 1._______
at all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test. 2._______
I went through the test for many times but I could only answer 3._______
three out from the twenty questions. I did not want to fail 4._______
the exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it 5._______
and started looking for the answer. The teacher wasn’t 6._______
looking at me ,but I copied something. Suddenly, I felt a hand 7._______
on my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I don’t 8.________
know what to say. Luckily, the teacher did not punish for 9.________
cheating but instead gave me a second chance. 10._______
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查动词短语 hand in 和hand out 的区别 hand in 交纳，上交；hand out 分发，此处是"分发试卷"
2 考查冠词 可数名词前一般要用不定冠词 test为可数名词，又是第一次提到，前面要加an
3 考查介词 many times 作状语 many times 作状语时，其前一般没有介词for
4 考查短语搭配 out of 固定短语 three out of the twenty questions 20个问题中的三个
5 考查语法一致 并列谓语时态一致 由and可知open应与put, started时态一致
6 考查名词在语境中的应用 根据文意判断名词单复数 一次考试中会出现多道题目，因而会有多个答案，用复数
7 考查连词 根据上下文判断逻辑关系 "老师没看我，因此我才抄"是因果关系
8 考查时态 整篇文章叙述时所用的时态 联系整段文章都用的是一般过去时
9 考查动词用法 及物动词后要跟宾语 punish是一及物动词，后面需要有宾语
10 考查综合判断能力 故意设陷阱 此行正确
答案：1.in→out2.be后加an3.去掉for4.from→of5.opening→opened6.answer→answers7.but→so8.don’t→didn’t9.punish后加me10．√
[押题三]
I went to the Summer Palace last week. At the gate
I happened to meet some American tourists. I greeted to 1.___________
them in English and then we began to chat. I got know 2.___________
that they were college students travel in China.Most of 3.___________
them were fond of Chinese medicine. They are busy taking 4._________
pictures and were much impressed with the changes that 5.__________
had been taken place in the past few years as well. After 6.__________
that, we went boating on a lake and having a good time. 7._________
We exchanged our email address so that we could write to 8.__________
each other in future. They thanked us again and again. I 9.___________
was very glad to have a chance to practicing my oral English. 10.__________
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查动词 greet的用法 greet及物动词，greet somebody问候某人
2 考查动词短语 get to know get to know 渐渐了解
3 考查非谓语结构 分词短语作后置定语 college students traveling in China=college students who are traveling in China
4 考查时态 根据语境判断时态 由上下文可知，叙述过去的经历，用过去进行时
5 考查动词短语 be much
impressed with 前后时态一致
6 考查特殊动词短语 take place的特殊用法 take place 没有被动语态形式
7 考查并列谓语结构 并列谓语时态一致 由and可判断出是并列谓语
8 考查名词的数 根据语境判断名词单复数 双方交换地址应用复数
9 考查代词 根据语境判断代词是否误用 根据文章意思应是"感谢我"，用me
10 考查动词不定式 动词不定式作定语的用法 有练习说英语的机会have a chance to practise my oral English
答案：1.去掉第二个to2.know前加to3. travel→traveling4.are→were5.√6.去掉been7.having→had8.address→addresses9.us→me10.practicing→practise
[押题四]
One night,a thief broke in an old man’s house. He made 1._______
a voice and woke up the old man and his wife.The husband 2._______
told his wife to keep silence. Then he said loudly,"Ｍy dear， 3._______
these days thieves are clever，if they took off their clothes and 4._______
put them on the table，the people in the room will fall sleep 5._______
and can’t wake up."When the thief heard this, he took off 6._______
his clothes at once and was ready to setting out to work. At 7._______
this moment, the husband suddenly shouted in loud voice 8._______
"Stop, thief! Stop, thief!" The thief was frightening. He ran 9._______
away as fast as he could and leaves his clothes on the table. 10._______
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查动词短语 break in与break into的区别 break into"破门而入"，后接宾语；break in"闯入、打断、插嘴"
2 考查名词的区别和用法 区别sound与voice sound指各种声音； voice指说话声,嗓音，此处指弄出的声响
3 考查动词短语 系动词+表语 keep silent为固定短语"保持沉默"
4 考查时态 主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 此处为直接引语,应用一般现在时
5 考查动词短语 fall asleep入睡 区别sleep与asleep的用法
6 考查复合句 时态是考查的重点 正确
7 考查动词短语 区别be ready to与be ready for be ready to do something 准备做某事；be ready for+n/doing something
8 考查名词和冠词 可数名词前用不定冠词 voice为可数名词, shout in a loud voice"大声喊"
9 考查分词的使用 现在分词与过去分词的特点和用法 frightening令人害怕，修饰物；frightened 感到害怕，与人有关
10 考查动词时态 根据语言环境，判断时态 本文叙述一件过去发生的事，主要用一般过去时
答案：1. in→into2. voice→sound3. silence→silent4. took→take5. sleep→asleep6. √7.setting→set8. loud前加a9. frightening→frightened10. leaves→left
应用文
【押题依据】
英语应用文是实用性较强的书面交际方式，是短文改错中最常用的体裁，2004年全国卷（I、IV）均为应用文体裁，其中2004年的全国卷和自主命题各省市卷（书面表达）是信件写作，2005年短文改错中书信、通知、日记将是主流。
[押题一]
Dear Ron,
I was exciting to hear that you are coming 1.___________
to our school soon. Now let me to introduce our school 2.___________
to you. Our school is a famous school with long 3. __________
history. We have many experience teachers and 4.___________
excellent equipment. There are two teach buildings. 5. ___________
There are too one lab building and one dorm 6. ____________
building. Except Chinese, maths, English, physics and 7.___________
chemistry, we still have some subjects. The students 8. ___________
can choose whichever they would like attend. We love 9. ____________
our school. I am looking forward to meet you soon. 10. ___________
Yours,
Li Hua
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 分词作表语的用法特点 现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词作表语表示主语的特征；而过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。
2 不定式作宾补的用法 使役动词作宾补不带to make（let ,have）somebody do表示"让某人做某事"
3 考查冠词 冠词﹢形容词﹢名词 with a long history 表示"有很长的历史"
4 考查形容词 形容词用作定语与名词作定语的区别 experienced表示"有经验的"；experience "经验"名词
5 考查动名词 动名词作定语，表示功能或用途 teaching building=building for teaching "教学楼"
6 考查副词 too，also在句中的位置 too与also都表示"也"，都用于肯定句。too通常用于句尾，置于句中时，前后用逗号隔开；also一般用在be动词之后或行为动词之前。
7 考查介词 besides,except二者所表示的范围 besides包括在内，另外还有；except 从整体中除去
8 考查still 设陷阱 正确
9 考查固定句式 would like to do would like to do something表示"愿意干某事"
10 考查固定搭配 look forward to look forward to+名词/ 代词/ 动名词，表示"盼望"之意
答案：1.exciting→excited； 2.去掉第二个to； 3.在long 前加a； 4.experience→experienced；5.teach→teaching； 6.too→also； 7.except→besides； 8.√ ;9.在attend 前加to；10.meet→meeting。
[押题二]
Ladies and gentleman, may I have your attention, please 1. ______
All flights this morning have put off, because our air is 2. ______
covered with thick fog. As there is no windy, the weatherman 3. ______
is unable to tell when the fog will clear up. We cannot do 4. ______
anything but waiting. Please keep in order and take good care 5. ______
of your baggage. Passengers, please don’t leave for the waiting 6. ______
room. As soon as the weather turns favorable, and we shall announce 7. ______
flights. For passengers stayed at the airport, lunch is free. It will 8. ______
be served in the dining hall in the second floor from eleven o’clock 9. ______
to one o’clock. By the way, there is no planes to arrive within an hour. 10. ______
Thank you.
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查名词 名词的复数形式 Ladies and gentlemen是通知的常见开头语
2 考查时态、语态 根据语境判断时态、语态 由下句because可以推断应当用have been put off
3 考查名词 there be 后跟名词作主语 windy 为形容词，名词形式为wind
4 正确
5 考查句子结构搭配 don’t do anything but do/ do nothing but do but 后面的动词形式：若but前出现do （did ，done），其后用动词原形，否则，用to do形式
6 考查动词短语 leave some palce和leave for ...的区别 根据语境，不要离开候机大厅，leave some place表示"离开某地"；leave for...表示"离开到某地"
7 考查复合句 解决连词重复问题 as soon as 引导时间状语从句，and 在此重复
8 考查分词 现在分词作定语强调主动 The passengers staying at the airport可以转化为The passengers who are staying at the airport
9 考查介词短语搭配 on the second floor floor 是最关键的主体名词
10 考查句子结构搭配 there be 应当与后面的名词形式一致 there is+单数名词；there are+复数名词
答案: 1.gentleman→gentlemen；2.在have和put之间加been ；3.windy→wind ；4.√； 5.waiting→wait ；6.去掉 for； 7.去掉 and ；8.stayed→staying ；9.in→on ； 10.is→are 或 planes→plane。
作者：MrLiu 第 1 页 （共 10 页）
一、步步为赢
1、通篇考虑
英语短文改错是以一篇短文作为材料，因此短文改错要考虑语篇结构中的前后语义联系和行文逻辑关系，依此来判断前后语义是否通顺以及连词和逻辑承接语是否正确。
2、依句查错
英语短文改错一般"题以行出，错从句生"，因此必须以句子而不是以每行为意义单位来分析。分析复合句和并列句查连词，分析每个主句、从句和单句时查句法和语法错误，最后分析组成句子的各部分中的词法错误。
3、瞻前顾后
分析时必须行行兼顾，甚至要注意后几行与前几行之间的语义联系，在查找正确的一行时也要行行兼顾综合分析，以确保该行正确无误，从而避免影响其他行的改错。
4、仔细复查
做完一题后要快速把正确答案代入短文中默读一遍，以便检查答案是否正确。
二、 "三查，一结合"
1、查特殊词
主要是查名词（单、复数的运用以及其前是否需要冠词），代词（指代是否明确及其数、格的变化），动词（动词原形，第三人称单数，非谓语动词形式是否正确），形容词和副词（原级，比较级，最高级）等等。
2、查短语搭配
主要查名词与介词的搭配，形容词与介词的搭配和动词的功能搭配。
请记住：出现介词必查！
3、查句法
主要查主谓一致，时态，句子之间必要的连接，平行结构现象等等。
4、"一结合"：结合常识和上下文，弄清语意，理清逻辑关系
三、读题三原则
1 .整体理解2.多向思维3.先易后难
四、审题三中心
1. 以句子为中心2. 以实词为中心3.以错词为中心
五、做题三准则
1. 以改动最少为准则2. 以保持原意为准则3.以"多错""少正"为准则
六、不改原则
1、不改拼写近年的改错题无此类错误。
2、不改词序虽然在平时学习中词序是重点，但受"一对一"原则的影响，此类错误不可能命题。
3、不改大小写虽不命题，但注意不要误将大写写成小写。
4、不改词义这里的词义指实词词义。平时不少同学认为某个词不通顺，不准确，就换成另一词，这是不允许的。
七、易错提醒
1、注意英汉两种语言的差别，英语中有些语言现象是汉语所没有的，如冠词、可数名词的单复数形式、动词时态以及第三人称单数形式等，因而容易被考生忽视而错用。
2、英语中的介词、人称代词、被动语态短语结构以及主从复合句中的关系代词和关系副词的使用等较之汉语要复杂得多，考生亦出错。
3、忽视英语中的"对称"现象。在表达对称概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，其时态及其形式应一致；形容词与形容词相配，要注意只有程度相当的形容词才能配合使用，如原级形容词与原级形容词相配等；分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配；对称结构常借助于并列连词and，or等完成。
4、做题要规范。要严格按照规定的符号改错，切勿离开文后的10道横线，在短文的字里行间涂涂改改。
短文改错考情预测
1.短文改错内容仍将是贴近学生生活的话题以及社会热点话题。体裁仍以应用文、记叙文、说明文为主。
2.仍将注重对习惯用语、句子结构和句型的考查，在强调对文章内容整体理解的同时，对特定语境中阅读能力的考查将进一步加强。
3. "136"一直为题型设计的准绳，即：只有一行正确；缺词和多词共占三行；六行需要找出错误并改正。谓语动词仍将是2005年短文改错考查的重点，其次是非谓语动词、形容词、代词、名词等；对虚词考查的比例仍不会减少，而且干扰的难度将有所增大，对考生逻辑思维能力的考查力度也将继续加强。
4.短文改错会基本保持平稳，在设错角度上仍会考虑中国考生的思维习惯，从考生最易犯错的知识点上进行设计。 命题会在进一步淡化语法的同时，加大对篇章综合的能力的考查力度。
下面具体从短文改错题型、命题角度和解题思路几个方面探讨05年高考命题趋势，帮助各位考生把握设错规律，增强对错误表达的敏感度，提高改错的准确率。
▲考点一 错词
错词的类型很多，具体参见下表：
命题角度 考点 解题思路
名词 冠词 判断名词前的冠词是否误用
名词 名词的数 句中名词该用单数还是复数动词
动词 时态、语态以及主谓一致 根据上下文判断动词时态、语态是否有误、主谓搭配是否正确
非谓语动词 分词、动名词、不定式 根据上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用
代词 人称代词的格、指示代词及关系代词与从句关系 1.人称代词的格是否误用 2.代词前后指代是否一致3.定语从句中关系词是否误用
形容词、副词 词法 判断句中形容词和副词是否误用
介词 惯用法 惯用法中介词是否误用
连词 句法 判断句中并列连词、从属连词是否误用
▲考点二 少词（漏词）
漏掉的往往是冠词、介词、连词等虚词，这又与前后词语的搭配有关。不是固定搭配的要特别注意行文习惯或者上下文之间的逻辑关系。请看下表：
命题角度 考点 解题思路
名词 冠词 名词前是否缺冠词
不及物动词 介词 不及物动词后是否缺介词
不定式 小品词"to" 不定式中是否缺少了不该省的"to"
被动语态 助动词 被动语态结构中是否缺少了助动词"be"
母语迁移 词类用法 将形容词、副词或介词视作动词，使句子缺少谓语动词
固定搭配 惯用法 惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的词
▲考点三 多词
多余的词往往是结构词，如冠词、介词、副词等。一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点、搭配和含义判断是否多了冠词、介词或副词。另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断是否多了连词和其他词。
命题角度 考点 解题思路
名词 冠词 抽象名词，物质名词泛指是否多了冠词
动词 介词 及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词
不定式 小品词"to" 不定式前是否多了应该省略的"to"
时间状语 介词 时间状语中是否多了介词
形容词、副词 比较结构 形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了相似词
固定搭配 惯用法 固定搭配是否"画蛇添足"
常见的语义重复现象，不能与括号内的词并用。
because-(so)though/although-(but) repay-(back)repeat-(the same, again)
return-(back) combine-(together) unite-(together) hate-(very much)
master-(well) advance-(forward) improve-(better) sink-(down)
renew-(again) about/around-(or so) walk-(on foot) alone-(by oneself)
still-(remain) meet-(together) no-(not any/not a ) think over-(carefully)
(very)-perfect (very)-excellent (very)-tiny (very)-huge
can-(be able to) be about to do-(at once/immediately)
both-(equal, equally, together)
enter-(into) take good care of-(carefully)
议论文
【押题依据】高考短文改错体裁也采用议论文，其内容涉及日常生活、社会热点、习俗等等。
[押题一]
Though great progress has been made in science these years,there 1.______
are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives 2.______
by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school 3.______
because they have not enough money to send their children to there. 4.______
Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now 5.______
The answer lies on the population explosion. A president 6.______
of a developing country once said, "It is us who are to blame for 7.______
the poverty because we used to ‘produce’ child without limit." 8.______
Although this few words sound simple enough, they have 9.______
clear pointed out one of the causes of the population explosion. 10.______
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查让步状语从句 易在there前误加but 正确
2 考查固定短语 make a/one’s living 考生误写为make their livings
3 考查名词的数 根据语境判断名词的单复数 用过的物品应当为复数，thing表示"东西"时是可数名词
4 考查副词的用法 there作状语 there是副词，前面不需要介词
5 考查插入语 特殊疑问词﹢插入语﹢其他 掌握插入语的用法如：Why do you think so many people still suffer from poverty？
6 考查动词短语 区别lie in，lie on的用法 lie in 是固定短语，表示"在于"
7 考查强调结构 强调主语 这是强调结构，强调的是原句中的主语we
8 考查名词的数 child 应当用复数形式 children指孩子们，是复数
9 考查指示代词 this指单数 用复数意义的词修饰名词复数words
10 考查副词 修饰动词或动词短语应用副词 文中point out为动词短语，应当用副词clearly来修饰
答案： 1.√2.lives→living3.thing→things4.去掉第二个to5.Why后面加do6.on→in7.us→we8.child→children9.this→these10.clear→clearly
说明文
【押题依据】2004年全国卷Ⅲ体裁为说明文（因特网的优缺点）。说明文通常是反映时代发展、歌颂时代变化及社会热点问题。如：自然资源保护、环境、人口等。
[押题一]
Man depends water for many years. He needs it for drinking. 1._______
He needs it for growing food. He needs it for keeping him clean 2._______
and free from illness. He needs it more and more water for 3._______
industry. People often forget what necessary water is for industry. 4._______
Imagine, for example, a large quantity of water is using by great 5._______
cooling towers of a steel plant. The demand of water is growing 6._______
every day. It is close connected with the increasing population 7._______
and with the pressing problem of provide enough food. 8._______
But the world has not yet found way of storing enough 9._______
water to satisfy all these important needs. 10._______
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查动词短语 depend on depend on +名词"依赖……"
2 考查动词短语 keep+反身代词+adj. keep oneself clean保持自身清洁
3 考查句子结构 宾语it重复 more and more water作needs的宾语，it多余
4 考查感叹句的引导词 what和how引导感叹句的用法区别 文中necessary为形容词，what应用来修饰名词，how用来修饰形容词或副词
5 考查动词语态 根据语境判断语态 "水"与"使用"是被动关系，应使用过去分词used
6 考查介词 demand与介词for搭配 of 表示所属关系
7 考查副词 closely表示抽象意义 be closely connected with 与……有密切关系
8 考查介词的搭配 of 后跟动名词,构成介词短语 provide 在句子中是介词of的宾语，应该用动名词
9 考查名词和冠词 可数名词前要加冠词 way办法，是可数名词，如果是单数，前面应用冠词a或the；否则就应以复数形式ways出现
10 考查综合运用能力 限定词的排列 正确
答案：1.depends 后加on2.him→himself3.删去it4.what→how5.using→used6.of→for7.close→closely8.provide→providing9.way前加a/the10.√
[押题二]
As the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send 1. ________
electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Year’s paring with 2. ________
the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively, for you 3. ________
can get not only pictures but also the background music and even animated 4. ________
cartoons. Otherwise, it’s faster to send an electronic card. There are many 5. ________
web sites on line which different varieties of cards are available. You can 6. ________
choose one you like best for your friend and relatives. If none of these cards 7. ________
are of any interest to you, you can design cards of unique style use 8. ________
FLASH or other software. More importantly, because the popularity of 9. ________
electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, it contributes 10. ________
to environmental protection.
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查介词的搭配 with后跟名词短语，as后跟句子 with the development of 随着……的发展
2 考查非谓语动词短语结构 主动与被动是考虑的重点 根据句意,要使用被动形式compared
3 考查多音节形容词比较级结构 more用在多音节形容词前 此行只起干扰作用,没有错误
4 考查冠词 物质名词和抽象名词前不用冠词 background music背景音乐
5 考查连词 根据语境判断逻辑关系 besides ,moreover再者,另外
6 考查关系词 where作状语 which限定名词
7 考查名词的数 并列名词的数要一致 your friends and relatives您的亲朋好友
8 考查分词 现在分词作后置定语 using作后置定语修饰style
9 考查连词的使用 区别because和because of 由于是名词短语,所以应该用because of
10 考查非限制性定语从句 判断非限制性定语从句的依据 由该句中逗号可以判断出是非限制性定语从句
答案：
1.As→With2.Comparing→Compared3. √4.去掉the5.Otherwise→Besides/Moreover6. which→where7 friend→friends8. use→using9. because后加of10.it→which
[押题三]
The size and shape of your ears show your character much 1._______
than any other part of the face．
Reading people’s character from their ears are an old science． 2._______
In past，people thought that a person with big ears had a 3._______
well and pleasant character．They thought a person with pale and 4._______
small ears was dangerous．He also thought the shape of the ear 5._______
showed that whether a person was musical or not． 6._______
Ears are all different．Last time you look at a person，see if 7._______
his or her ears are red and pale．Ears that are red mean that a 8._______
person may have high blood pressure (压力). Ears that are 9._______
always cold and pale mean that a person had a nervous character． 10._______
And a big hole inside the ear means a person may be musical．
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查程度副词 than 是考虑的重点 more than 是解题的关键
2 考查主谓一致 动名词短语作主语的用法 reading people’s character动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数形式
3 考查冠词 in the past 在过去 名词前的冠词是考虑的重点
4 考查形容词 并列形容词作定语 and连接两个并列的形容词
5 考查代词 根据上下文,注意代词的一致 上文they已经暗示
6 考查连词 连词重复问题 that与whether重复
7 考查语言运用 区别last time和next time next time表示"下一次、今后"，last time表示"上次"
8 考查连词 区别and, or的用法 由句意可判断用or
9 考查冠词 易在high前误加a 此行正确
10 考查动词时态 分析全句主体时态 以一般现在时为主
答案： 1.much→more2.are→is3.past前加the4.well→good5.He→They6.去掉that7.Last→Next8.and→or9.√10.had→has
记叙文
【押题依据】记叙文是中学生短文改错的重要文体，可考查时态、语态变化，上下文一致等，其中2002、2003、2004年全国卷均为记叙文。2005年高考这种体裁的出现率极高。在复习备考过程中，要高度重视！
[押题一]
A special way of thanks
One day some people on the shore listened shouts 1._________
for help. They ran up to the sea. A soldier jumped 2._________
into the water and ran to the man. He was a good3 3._________
swimmer and soon pulled the man back the shore. Now 4._________
everyone saw that what the man was a very rich man. 5._________
He went to the soldier, taking out a shilling(先令) 6._________
and gave it to him. And the soldier refused to take 7._________
it and went far away. The people there were very 8._________
angry with the young man. And an old woman said 9._________
laughing, "I’m sure that the rich man knows how much 10._________
his life is worth!" Everyone there agreed with the woman and laughed too.
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查动词 listen to和hear 的区别 listen to强调动作；hear强调结果。"一天岸上的一些人听见呼救声"，表示结果
2 考查副词 up和down的用法区别及根据文章语境灵活运用词语的能力 down表示由高向低，由北向南, 文章意思是"由岸上向海滩跑去"，表示由高处向低处
3 考查语言运用能力 根据语境判断常识能力 由上句跳入水中可推断是向落水者游去，而不是跑
4 考查动词短语的搭配 pull...back to 向岸边拉为"pull...back to"，类似结构go back to
5 考查复合句的连词 解决连词重复问题 此句为宾语从句,用that引导,无词义，what多余
6 考查语法一致 并列谓语时态一致问题 由and可知took应与went，gave时态一致
7 考查连词 根据语境判断逻辑关系 根据文意"富人想回报救命恩人，但是遭到拒绝"，是转折关系，应用But
8 考查动词短语 go away 固定搭配 go away表示"离去"，far 在此短语中起干扰作用
9 考查通篇理解能力 理解全文内容，综合判断用词错误 孤立地看这一句是没有错误的，但是通读全文可知应是"富人"而不是"年轻人"
10 综合分析判断能力 there ,too 是干扰点 通读全文，综合分析可知此行正确
答案：1.listened→heard2.up→down3.ran→swam4.back后加to5.去掉what6.taking→took7.And→But8.去掉far9. young→rich10.√
[押题二]
An unforgettable experience
When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing
in the tests. I was feeling very nervous. I had not studied 1._______
at all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test. 2._______
I went through the test for many times but I could only answer 3._______
three out from the twenty questions. I did not want to fail 4._______
the exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it 5._______
and started looking for the answer. The teacher wasn’t 6._______
looking at me ,but I copied something. Suddenly, I felt a hand 7._______
on my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I don’t 8.________
know what to say. Luckily, the teacher did not punish for 9.________
cheating but instead gave me a second chance. 10._______
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查动词短语 hand in 和hand out 的区别 hand in 交纳，上交；hand out 分发，此处是"分发试卷"
2 考查冠词 可数名词前一般要用不定冠词 test为可数名词，又是第一次提到，前面要加an
3 考查介词 many times 作状语 many times 作状语时，其前一般没有介词for
4 考查短语搭配 out of 固定短语 three out of the twenty questions 20个问题中的三个
5 考查语法一致 并列谓语时态一致 由and可知open应与put, started时态一致
6 考查名词在语境中的应用 根据文意判断名词单复数 一次考试中会出现多道题目，因而会有多个答案，用复数
7 考查连词 根据上下文判断逻辑关系 "老师没看我，因此我才抄"是因果关系
8 考查时态 整篇文章叙述时所用的时态 联系整段文章都用的是一般过去时
9 考查动词用法 及物动词后要跟宾语 punish是一及物动词，后面需要有宾语
10 考查综合判断能力 故意设陷阱 此行正确
答案：1.in→out2.be后加an3.去掉for4.from→of5.opening→opened6.answer→answers7.but→so8.don’t→didn’t9.punish后加me10．√
[押题三]
I went to the Summer Palace last week. At the gate
I happened to meet some American tourists. I greeted to 1.___________
them in English and then we began to chat. I got know 2.___________
that they were college students travel in China.Most of 3.___________
them were fond of Chinese medicine. They are busy taking 4._________
pictures and were much impressed with the changes that 5.__________
had been taken place in the past few years as well. After 6.__________
that, we went boating on a lake and having a good time. 7._________
We exchanged our email address so that we could write to 8.__________
each other in future. They thanked us again and again. I 9.___________
was very glad to have a chance to practicing my oral English. 10.__________
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查动词 greet的用法 greet及物动词，greet somebody问候某人
2 考查动词短语 get to know get to know 渐渐了解
3 考查非谓语结构 分词短语作后置定语 college students traveling in China=college students who are traveling in China
4 考查时态 根据语境判断时态 由上下文可知，叙述过去的经历，用过去进行时
5 考查动词短语 be much
impressed with 前后时态一致
6 考查特殊动词短语 take place的特殊用法 take place 没有被动语态形式
7 考查并列谓语结构 并列谓语时态一致 由and可判断出是并列谓语
8 考查名词的数 根据语境判断名词单复数 双方交换地址应用复数
9 考查代词 根据语境判断代词是否误用 根据文章意思应是"感谢我"，用me
10 考查动词不定式 动词不定式作定语的用法 有练习说英语的机会have a chance to practise my oral English
答案：1.去掉第二个to2.know前加to3. travel→traveling4.are→were5.√6.去掉been7.having→had8.address→addresses9.us→me10.practicing→practise
[押题四]
One night,a thief broke in an old man’s house. He made 1._______
a voice and woke up the old man and his wife.The husband 2._______
told his wife to keep silence. Then he said loudly,"Ｍy dear， 3._______
these days thieves are clever，if they took off their clothes and 4._______
put them on the table，the people in the room will fall sleep 5._______
and can’t wake up."When the thief heard this, he took off 6._______
his clothes at once and was ready to setting out to work. At 7._______
this moment, the husband suddenly shouted in loud voice 8._______
"Stop, thief! Stop, thief!" The thief was frightening. He ran 9._______
away as fast as he could and leaves his clothes on the table. 10._______
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查动词短语 break in与break into的区别 break into"破门而入"，后接宾语；break in"闯入、打断、插嘴"
2 考查名词的区别和用法 区别sound与voice sound指各种声音； voice指说话声,嗓音，此处指弄出的声响
3 考查动词短语 系动词+表语 keep silent为固定短语"保持沉默"
4 考查时态 主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 此处为直接引语,应用一般现在时
5 考查动词短语 fall asleep入睡 区别sleep与asleep的用法
6 考查复合句 时态是考查的重点 正确
7 考查动词短语 区别be ready to与be ready for be ready to do something 准备做某事；be ready for+n/doing something
8 考查名词和冠词 可数名词前用不定冠词 voice为可数名词, shout in a loud voice"大声喊"
9 考查分词的使用 现在分词与过去分词的特点和用法 frightening令人害怕，修饰物；frightened 感到害怕，与人有关
10 考查动词时态 根据语言环境，判断时态 本文叙述一件过去发生的事，主要用一般过去时
答案：1. in→into2. voice→sound3. silence→silent4. took→take5. sleep→asleep6. √7.setting→set8. loud前加a9. frightening→frightened10. leaves→left
应用文
【押题依据】
英语应用文是实用性较强的书面交际方式，是短文改错中最常用的体裁，2004年全国卷（I、IV）均为应用文体裁，其中2004年的全国卷和自主命题各省市卷（书面表达）是信件写作，2005年短文改错中书信、通知、日记将是主流。
[押题一]
Dear Ron,
I was exciting to hear that you are coming 1.___________
to our school soon. Now let me to introduce our school 2.___________
to you. Our school is a famous school with long 3. __________
history. We have many experience teachers and 4.___________
excellent equipment. There are two teach buildings. 5. ___________
There are too one lab building and one dorm 6. ____________
building. Except Chinese, maths, English, physics and 7.___________
chemistry, we still have some subjects. The students 8. ___________
can choose whichever they would like attend. We love 9. ____________
our school. I am looking forward to meet you soon. 10. ___________
Yours,
Li Hua
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 分词作表语的用法特点 现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词作表语表示主语的特征；而过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。
2 不定式作宾补的用法 使役动词作宾补不带to make（let ,have）somebody do表示"让某人做某事"
3 考查冠词 冠词﹢形容词﹢名词 with a long history 表示"有很长的历史"
4 考查形容词 形容词用作定语与名词作定语的区别 experienced表示"有经验的"；experience "经验"名词
5 考查动名词 动名词作定语，表示功能或用途 teaching building=building for teaching "教学楼"
6 考查副词 too，also在句中的位置 too与also都表示"也"，都用于肯定句。too通常用于句尾，置于句中时，前后用逗号隔开；also一般用在be动词之后或行为动词之前。
7 考查介词 besides,except二者所表示的范围 besides包括在内，另外还有；except 从整体中除去
8 考查still 设陷阱 正确
9 考查固定句式 would like to do would like to do something表示"愿意干某事"
10 考查固定搭配 look forward to look forward to+名词/ 代词/ 动名词，表示"盼望"之意
答案：1.exciting→excited； 2.去掉第二个to； 3.在long 前加a； 4.experience→experienced；5.teach→teaching； 6.too→also； 7.except→besides； 8.√ ;9.在attend 前加to；10.meet→meeting。
[押题二]
Ladies and gentleman, may I have your attention, please 1. ______
All flights this morning have put off, because our air is 2. ______
covered with thick fog. As there is no windy, the weatherman 3. ______
is unable to tell when the fog will clear up. We cannot do 4. ______
anything but waiting. Please keep in order and take good care 5. ______
of your baggage. Passengers, please don’t leave for the waiting 6. ______
room. As soon as the weather turns favorable, and we shall announce 7. ______
flights. For passengers stayed at the airport, lunch is free. It will 8. ______
be served in the dining hall in the second floor from eleven o’clock 9. ______
to one o’clock. By the way, there is no planes to arrive within an hour. 10. ______
Thank you.
命题思路 考点 解题关键
1 考查名词 名词的复数形式 Ladies and gentlemen是通知的常见开头语
2 考查时态、语态 根据语境判断时态、语态 由下句because可以推断应当用have been put off
3 考查名词 there be 后跟名词作主语 windy 为形容词，名词形式为wind
4 正确
5 考查句子结构搭配 don’t do anything but do/ do nothing but do but 后面的动词形式：若but前出现do （did ，done），其后用动词原形，否则，用to do形式
6 考查动词短语 leave some palce和leave for ...的区别 根据语境，不要离开候机大厅，leave some place表示"离开某地"；leave for...表示"离开到某地"
7 考查复合句 解决连词重复问题 as soon as 引导时间状语从句，and 在此重复
8 考查分词 现在分词作定语强调主动 The passengers staying at the airport可以转化为The passengers who are staying at the airport
9 考查介词短语搭配 on the second floor floor 是最关键的主体名词
10 考查句子结构搭配 there be 应当与后面的名词形式一致 there is+单数名词；there are+复数名词
答案: 1.gentleman→gentlemen；2.在have和put之间加been ；3.windy→wind ；4.√； 5.waiting→wait ；6.去掉 for； 7.去掉 and ；8.stayed→staying ；9.in→on ； 10.is→are 或 planes→plane。
作者：MrLiu 第 1 页 （共 10 页）