高三第一轮复习高二复习教案[下学期]

Unit 9-Unit 10
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 coal content South Africa killer poverty equality fairness *cooperation willingness wipe *per defend incorrect *affect advise frightening terrify bury ash *mud rise *spot dirt sight courage *flee arrival bath pillow daylight immediately fresh *web inch board *steamship unbelievable ton uncomfortable aloud reading
词组 the United Nations take part in take action air conditioner *in harmony with... put an end to advise sb.（not） to do sth. on end draw one’s attention（to） at hand calm（sb.） down on board knock about all of a sudden live through as though（=as if）
语法 倒装 省略
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.advise
例句集锦
v.
（1）There is no one to advise me.
没有人能给我忠告。
I advise waiting until tomorrow.
我建议等到明天。
I advise you to start at once.
我劝你立刻出发。
They were advised not to go abroad.
他们被奉劝不要出国。
I strongly advise you against going abroad.
我力劝你不要出国。
He advises us on economic affairs.
他给我们提供有关经济事务的建议。
He could not advise me what to do next.
他无法教我接下来该做什么。
Can you advise me whether I should go abroad
你能不能指点我该不该出国？
I advised him that he （should） go at once.
我劝他应该马上去。
The doctor advised a complete rest.
医生建议充分休息。
（2）Please advise us of the date.
请将日期通知我们。
We were advised of the risk.
有人告知我们那项风险。
We were advised that they could not accept our offer.
我们获得通知，说他们不能接受我们的提议。
（3）I shall/will act as you advise.
我将照你的忠告去做。
（4）You had better advise with him on the situation.
你最好就当前形势请教他。
用法归纳
*advise可用作动词（vt.＆vi.）。主要义项有：忠告，劝告，建议，通知，商量。
*用作动词时的主要搭配形式为：advise+名词/动名词/sb. to do sth./宾语从句/sb. against doing sth./sb. on sth./sb.+疑问词+不定式/sb. of sth.
特别提示
advise作“通知”讲后跟宾语从句时，用陈述语气；作“建议”讲后跟宾语从句时，用虚拟语气。
2.affect
例句集锦
v.
（1）The climate affected his health.
气候影响（损害）了他的健康。
Some plants are quickly affected by cold.
有些植物对寒冷很敏感。
The rise in the price of bread will affect us all.
面包售价上涨，我们大家都会受影响。
（2）He was much affected by the sad news.
这个凄惨的消息使他十分难过。
His death affected us deeply.
他的死亡使我们深为感慨。
（3）The left lung is affected.
左肺受到感染。
（4）She affects an American accent.
她装出美国腔调。
He affected not to hear me.
他假装没听见我的话。
（5）He affects long and learned words.
他爱用长而艰涩的词。
She affects bright colours.
她爱穿颜色鲜艳的衣服。
用法归纳
*affect可用作及物动词。主要义项有：影响；感动；侵袭；假装；爱用。
3.calm
例句集锦
adj.
（1）It was a calm,cloudless day.
那是个无风少云的日子。
The sea was calm.
大海无风浪。
（2）He is a calm and reasonable man.
他是个心平气和而讲理的人。
He always keeps/stays calm in an emergency.
他碰到紧急事件时总是保持镇定。
v.
（1）She soon calmed her child（down）.
她不久便使她的孩子安静下来。
Calm yourself.请你安静/镇定下来。
（2）Calm down.镇静吧。
The angry man soon calmed down.
那个愤怒的人不久便平静下来。
n.
（1）There was a calm on the sea.
海上一片宁静。
the calm before the storm
暴风雨之前的宁静
（2）She faced the danger with complete calm.
她完全镇定地面对危险。
用法归纳
*calm可用作形容词、动词、名词。主要义项有：平静的，无风的，无浪的；宁静的，镇静的；（使）平静；宁静，沉着。
4.content
例句集锦
n.
（1）The contents of the bag were missing.
袋子里面的东西不见了。
I don’t know the contents of the letter.
我不知道那封信的内容。
（2）the （table of） contents 目录，目次
（3）This book has very little content.
这本书内容贫乏。
content and form 内容与形式
（4）a low vitamin content 低的维生素含量
There’s a very high water content in pineapples.
菠萝的含水量很高。
（5）live in content 满足地生活
smile with content 满意地微笑
I ate to my heart’s content.
我尽情地吃。
We had the chance to play golf to our hearts’ content.
我们有了尽情打高尔夫球的机会。
adj.
He’s not content with his present job.
他对目前的工作并不满意。
He is content with very little.
他易于满足。
She is content to stay here all the year.
她愿意整年留在这里。
v.
Nothing contents her.
没有任何事物能使她满足。
As there was no coffee,I had to content myself with a glass of water.
因为没有咖啡，所以我只好以一杯水为满足。
用法归纳
*content可用作名词、形容词、及物动词。主要义项有：内容，目录，含量，满足；满足的，满意的；使满足，使满意。
●重点短语
1.at hand
例句集锦
I always keep the handbook at hand.
我总是把那本手册放在手边。
Final examinations are at hand.
期末考试快到了。
相关归纳
（1）by hand 用手
She did all the sewing by hand.
她用手工做了所有的缝纫工作。
deliver a letter by hand 亲手递交信件
bring up a baby by hand 用牛乳养育婴儿
（2）in hand 所有；在控制下；已经着手；正在考虑中
I have only $50 in hand.
我手头只有50美元。
Let’s finish the work in hand.
我们把手头的工作完成吧。
（3）on hand 在近处；出席；迫近
They have some new goods on hand.
他们有一些新货。
He advised me to be on hand.
他劝我出席。
A change may be on hand.
一项改变可能已经迫近。
特别提示
以上由hand构成的词组hand前不用冠词。
2.live through
例句集锦
He has lived through two wars and three revolutions.
他经历了两次战争和三次革命。
They lived through the Second World War.
他们经历过第二次世界大战。
相关归纳
（1）get through 做/办/看完；通过/让通过；接通电话
I will be with you as soon as I get through this work.
我一做好这项工作就到你这儿来。
I got through the book in one evening.
我一个晚上就看完了这本书。
John has got through the English oral test.
约翰已经通过了英语口语考试。
I tried to telephone you but I couldn’t get through.
我设法打你的电话，但打不通。
The good news that our team won the match got through to us at last.
我们队获胜的好消息终于传到了我们这儿。
（2）go through 审阅；检查；讨论；查看；看一遍；经历（困难、痛苦等），经过（阶段等）
I’d like to have you go through the book.
我想让你审阅一下这本书。
He thought it his duties to go through the papers.
他认为审阅这些文件是他的职责。
Mother went through the drawer looking for the sweater.
妈妈翻遍了抽屉寻找那件毛衣。
I did not want to go through college.
我不想上完大学了。
Most families went through a lot during the war.
大多数家庭在战争期间经历了很多的苦。
The country has gone through too many wars.
这个国家经历了太多的战争。
3.on end
例句集锦
make one’s hair stand on end（恐怖等）使人毛骨悚然
He stood the box on end.
他把箱子竖立起来。
It snowed for three days on end.
一连下了三天雪。
相关归纳
（1）at the end 结束；尽头
She was at the end of the patience.
她已忍无可忍。
At the end of the road,you’ll find a hospital.
在这条路的尽头，你会找到一家医院。
We’ll have a dictation at the end of the class.
在临近下课的时候，我们将进行听写。
（2）in the end 最后；终于
He tired again and again and succeeded in the end.
他一试再试，终于成功了。
He tired many ways of earning a living,in the end he became a farm labourer.
他尝试了许多谋生的方式，最后他做了农场工人。
（3）put an end to 结束；停止
Let’s put an end to this quarrel.
我们结束这场争吵吧。
Death put an end to his wicked career.
死亡结束了他邪恶的一生。
We must put an end to this foolish behaviour.
我们必须制止这种愚蠢的行为。
The chief task of the moment is to put an end to the terrible pollution in the rivers.
当务之急是制止河流的严重污染。
（4）come to an end完毕；终止；结束
The meeting came to an end early.
会议很早结束。
His lecture came to an end around ten o’clock.
他的讲座在10点左右结束了。
特别提示
注意end构成的词组中不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的使用。
●必背句型
1.be to do sth.结构
教材原句
（1）If we are to develop the world successfully,we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.
如果我们要成功地开发世界，就必须确保人人都能够参与我们创造的新世界。
特别提示
be to do sth. 为将来时的一种形式。
补充例句
（1）We are to meet at the school gate.
我们约好在校门口碰头。
（2）You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
你要在10点前回来。
（3）If you are to pass the college entrance examination,I think you should work still harder.
你若想上大学（高考金榜题名），就应更用功。
（4）The prize is to honour him for his great discovery.
奖品是为了表彰他的重大发现。
（5）He traveled to many mountain villages and saw many poor children out of school.This experience was to change his life.
他走了许多山村，看到了很多贫苦孩子失学。这一段经历后来改变了他的一生。
2.more ...than...结构
教材原句
He looked more asleep than dead.
与其说他看起来死了，不如说他睡着了。
特别提示
more...than...意为：与其……不如……
补充例句
（1）There are more apples than pears.
苹果比梨子多。
（2）He is more brave than wise.
他有勇无谋。
（3）The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.
与其说它是一本语法书，倒不如说是一本字典更确切。
（4）He was more frightened than hurt.
他没受什么伤，倒是吃惊不小。
疑难突破
as though,even though,though
（1）as though=as if “好像；似乎”，用来引导方式状语从句或表语从句。as though 比as if更正式，描述非现实情况时，as if/as though 从句中用虚拟语气；在口语中，主句为现在时，而且有内容可清楚判别是表达现实的意思时，在as if 后的从句有时也可以用现在时。
此外，若使用现在时，这是表达实际的事实关系；as if/as though 从句里的主语和动词，有时可省略。
（2）even though=even if “即使；纵使”，用来引导让步状语从句。even if 的从句有强烈的假设性，而even though 则多以此从句内容为前提。
Even though he is poor,she loves him.
=He is poor,yet she loves him.
尽管他很贫穷，但她还是爱他。
（3）though “虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。even though 有退一步设想的意味，与though不同。though 引导的句子所说的是事实，even though 引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。另外，though 还可用于倒装句，这时作表语的名词或形容词要提前。
注意：though不能和but 连用。
应用
（1）She always talks to me ______ she were my sister.
（2）He walked slowly ______ he had hurt his leg.
（3）It looks ______ we will be late.
（4）______ I have to sell my house,I will keep my business going.
（5）He will not tell me the secret ______ he knows it.
答案：（1）as if/as though （2）as if/as though （3）as if/as though （4）Even if/Even though （5）even if/even though/though
典例剖析
【例1】 （2003年上海，26）The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism______the widlife in the area.
A.in B.on C.at D.with
剖析：本题检测考生在特定语境中选用恰当介词的能力。介词的用法比较复杂，且多为固定搭配，无多少道理可讲，因而对介词的掌握主要靠平时多观察、多留心、多记忆。本题中的名词effects制约着后面介词的选用。an effect on sth.意为“对某事的影响/作用”。“对……产生影响”用have an effect/the effects on sb./sth.例如：The film had quite an effect on her.
答案：B
【例2】 （2004年全国卷Ⅳ,24）There are altogether eleven books on the shelf,______five are mine.
A.on which B.in which
C.of which D.from which
剖析：全句意思为：书架上有11本书，其中5本是我的。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年北京，26）George Orwell,______was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.
A.the real name B.what his real name
C.his real name D.whose real name
剖析：题干中，逗号之间的句子应为定语从句，故排除C项，选D。
答案：D
【例4】 （2004年上海，36）American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.
A.who B.as
C.about which D.with whom
剖析：“跟某人交谈”要用talk with sb.,故选D。全句意思为：美国妇女通常认定好朋友就是能够经常交谈的人。
答案：D
PAGEUnit 3-Unit 4
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 preference design furniture taste *sofa *heater modern convenient block *apartment stand passage ugly construct construction unnatural steel *impress roof unfriendly *despite *create *seashell sail *stadium net *nest *structure belong paint *aside workshop *rent development *teahouse poem poetry poet *intention *recite mad pattern dialogue sort loneliness sadness grammar *absence district *atmosphere introduction translate translation tale shade *extraordinary *idiom dust *apart *recommend *contribute
词组 act as fill up with... belong to set aside put...together play with call up stand out light up come into being send for contribute to...
语法 过去分词
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.taste
例句集锦
v.
（1）Can you taste anything strange in this soup
你尝得出这汤里有什么怪味吗？
She tasted the stew.
她尝了一口那道炖菜。
The cook tasted the soup to see whether he had put enough salt in it.
厨师尝了尝汤的味道，看看盐放得够不够。
（2）The young man has only begun to taste life.
那个年轻人才开始体验人生。
Taste the joy of freedom.
领略自由之乐。
（3）If you have a bad cold you cannot taste.
如果你患重感冒，你尝不出任何东西的味道。
（4）This food tastes nice.
这食物味道很好。
This soup tastes strongly of onion.
这汤洋葱味太浓。
This chocolate tastes like soap.
这种巧克力味道像肥皂。
n.
（1）It is bitter to the taste.味道是苦的。
（2）This soup has a sour taste.这汤有酸味。
This food has little taste.
这食物没有什么味道。
（3）She has developed a taste for Chinese art.
她爱上了中国艺术。
（4）She has excellent taste in jewelry.
她对珠宝有很好的鉴赏力。
用法归纳
*taste可用作动词（vi.＆vt.）和名词。主要义项有：尝（味），尝起来，有……味道，品尝；体验，领略；味觉；风味；爱好；审美力，鉴赏力。
特别提示
taste作连系动词时，不能用于被动语态。
2.design
例句集锦
v.
（1）design a garment 设计一件衣服
design a garden设计一座花园
（2）The novelist designed a good plot.
那位小说家拟定了一个好情节。
She designed to be a teacher.
她打算要当教师。
（3）This dictionary is designed for college students.
这本辞典是供大学生使用的。
The laws were designed to protect children.
那些法律是为了保护儿童而制定的。
This book is designed as an introduction to literature.
这本书是要用作文学入门读物的。
（4）She designs for a dressmaking company.
她替一家服装店设计图样。
n.
（1）new design for a dress 女装的新设计
industrial design 工业设计
This building is of poor design.
这栋建筑物设计不良。
（2）a design for advertisement 广告图案
a vase with a flower design 有花卉图案的花瓶
（3）Whether by accident or design,he arrived too late to help us.
无论是意外或故意，他到得太迟了，帮不上我们的忙。
用法归纳
*design可用作动词（vi.＆vt.）和名词。主要义项有：设计；筹划；预定；图案；目的。
特别提示
注意design作动词和名词时和介词for的搭配。
3.impress
例句集锦
v.
The accident impressed on me the necessity of observing regulations.
那次事故使我深感遵守规则的必要性。
Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
她的话铭刻在我的记忆里。
He impressed me with the need to work hard.
他使我深知努力工作的必要性。
He impressed me as honest.（=His honesty impressed me.或He impressed me with his honesty.）
他的诚实给我留下了印象。
He impressed the max with the designs.（=He impressed the designs on the max.）
他在蜡上压印那些图案。
n.
the impress of one’s personality一个人的性格特征
Time has left its impress upon him.
时代给他留下了痕迹。
用法归纳
*impress可用作动词（vt.）和名词。主要义项有：使铭记，给……以印象；盖印,压印； 印记;铭刻；印象,痕迹,特征。
特别提示
用作动词时，和介词的主要搭配形式为：impress sth. on sb.； impress sb.with sth.
4.convenient
例句集锦
adj.
（1）convenient tools 便利的工具
a convenient time to meet 会面的适宜时间
if it is convenient to/for you 如果你方便的话
Is Monday（would Monday be）convenient for/to you
星期一对你来说方便吗？
It won’t be convenient for me to see you tomorrow.
明天去见你对我来说不方便。
This knife is very convenient for general purposes.
这把小刀适合于一般的目的/用途。
（2）My house is convenient to/for the shopping center.
我的家靠近购物中心。
用法归纳
*convenient 一般作形容词。主要义项有：方便的；适宜的，合适的；在近处的；近便的。
特别提示
convenient主语不能是人。例如：如果你方便的话，英语应表达为：if it is convenient to/for you,而不应表达为：if you are convenient。
●重点短语
1.call up
例句集锦
You had better not call me up in the morning.
最好不要在早上打电话给我。
The photograph called up memories of his childhood.
那张照片唤起了他童年时代的一些记忆。
A large number of reservists were called up.
很多后备役军人被征召入伍。
相关归纳
（1）call for要求，需要；大声呼救
Somebody was calling for help.
有人在大声呼救。
She called loudly for her husband to come and help her.
她大声叫喊，要她的丈夫来帮助她。
Mountain climbing calls for a strong body and a brave heart.
爬山要有健壮的身体和勇敢的精神。
（2）call back 召回；回电话
She was called back to her house.
她被叫回家。
I will call you back when I come home.
我回家再打电话给你。
（3）call in 把……请来；收回
We should call in a doctor/call a doctor in.
我们应该请个医生来。
The manufacturers have called in some cars with serious faults.
厂商已收回一些有严重缺陷的汽车。
（4）call on拜访（某人）；号召，恳求
I called on Peter last Sunday.
上个星期天我去看望了彼得。
He was called on to make a speech.
他被请求发表演讲。
They called on him to support them.
他们请求他去支持他们。
2.send for
例句集锦
Send someone for a doctor.
派人去请医生来。
I send him for some sugar.
我派他去买一些糖。
相关归纳
（1）send off 送别；发出
go to a station to send a person off
到车站给某人送行
We have sent off all the invitations.
我们已经把全部的请帖发出去。
（2）send out 发出，放出；长出
She sent out three hundred invitations.
她发出300张请帖。
In spring the trees begin to send out new leaves.
春天树木开始长出新叶。
A fire sends out light and warmth.
火发出光和热。
（3）send in 叫……进来；提交，递
Send her in.叫她进来。
send in one’s card递名片
He has sent three paintings in for the exhibition.
他已送出三幅画参加展览。
3.set aside
例句集锦
The project was set aside.
那项计划被搁置。
set a protest aside不接受抗议
相关归纳
（1）set about着手，开始；散步
set about a job 开始一件工作
We set about cleaning the house.
我们着手打扫房子。
Who has set this rumor about
谁散布的这种谣言？
（2）set back 拨慢；阻碍
He set back his watch three minutes.
他将表拨慢了三分钟。
Their plans were set back by the storm.
他们的计划被暴风雨所延误。
（3）set off 使爆发；燃放（焰火等）；发射
set off fireworks 燃放焰火
The joke set us off laughing.
那个笑话引得我们大笑。
They set off for home.
他们出发回家。
He set off on a trip to France.
他出发到法国去旅行。
（4）set out 陈述；陈列；踏上旅途；出发；开始，着手
set out one’s arguments陈述自己的论点
set out goods on a stall将货品摆在摊子上
We set out for home.
我们踏上归途。
He set out to paint the house.
他着手粉刷房子。
（5）set up 竖立；设立；开办；使康复
set up a pole 竖立木柱
set up a sign 竖起招牌
set up a tent 搭帐篷
set up a school 创校
A few weeks’ stay in the countryside will set her up.
在乡下住几个星期将使她康复。
特别提示
set about和set out都有“开始，着手”之意，但前者接名词或动名词，而后者常接不定式。
4.come into being
例句集锦
We do not know when the universe came into being.
我们不知道宇宙何时开始存在。
Thus the Great Wall came into being.
这样长城就形成了。
相关归纳
come into power 上台、掌权、执政
This government came to/into power in 1998.
本政府于1998 年执掌政权。
come into effect 实行；实施；生效
The new tax regulations came to/into effect last week.
新税法上周开始实施。
The law came into effect on October 15.
那项法律于10月15日生效。
The contract will come into effect as soon as it is signed.
（=The contract will go into effect as soon as it is signed.）
这项合同一经签署立即开始生效。
come into use 开始被使用
When did the word “transistor” come into common use
“电晶体”一词是何时开始被普遍使用的
The telephone first came into use in the 1870s.
电话在19世纪70年代开始使用。
come into sight/view 可以望见；出现在眼前
The mountain town came into sight as we turned the last corner.
我们拐过最后一个弯,山城就映入了我们的眼帘。
As we rounded the bend the lake came into view.
我们转过弯，那个湖泊就展现在我们眼前了。
●必背句型
1.过去分词（短语）作宾补
教材原句
（1）Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
以往历史上的每一种伟大的文化，都由其审美观念在艺术和建筑之中体现。
（2）When you look around at buildings,streets,squares and parks,you will find them designed,planned and built in different styles.
当你环顾周围的建筑、街道、广场和公园时，你会发现它们是用不同的风格设计、规划和建造起来的。
（3）They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.
他们要把自己的建筑物建成不合自然的模样。
（4）Frank Lloyd Wright,who built an art museum in New York, found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.
弗兰克 劳埃德 赖特设计了纽约的艺术博物馆，是日本的海贝壳激发了他的灵感。
特别提示
过去分词（短语）作宾补和宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
补充例句
I made myself understood in French.
我用法语使人们了解我的意思。
The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
经理讨论了他们下一年想要执行的计划。
When he returned from abroad,he found his hometown so changed that he couldn’t recognize it.
他从国外回来时，发现故乡变化如此之大，以至于无法辨认了。
2.过去分词（短语）作状语
教材原句
（1）Seen from the top,it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel,and it looks just like a bird’s nest made of tree branches.
从顶上看，仿佛体育场覆盖着灰色的钢网，非常像树枝搭成的鸟巢。
（2）Once published,his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
他的诗作发表后，因为行尾不押韵而大获其名。
特别提示
过去分词（短语）作状语和句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
补充例句
（1）（2004年全国Ⅲ，25）It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when questioned at the meeting by my boss.
说来不好意思，在会上被老板质问时我撒了谎。
（2）（2004年湖北，28）When compared with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
与地球相比，最大的海洋一点也不显得大。
（3）Faced with the threat of water shortages,Beijing and Shanghai will take effective measures to save water and protect water resources.
面临水资源短缺的威胁，北京和上海将采取有效措施来节水和保护水资源。
3.A is to B what C is to D
教材原句
（1）A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.
巢与鸟儿的关系如同房子和人的关系。
（2）A net is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter.
网与渔夫的关系就像枪与猎人一样。
（3）Arms are to the body what branches are to a tree.
上肢与身体的关系就像树枝和树的关系。
特别提示
这是一个比喻句，通常用于“A对B而言正如C对D一样”这个句型。
补充例句
（1）We are to them what fish is to water.
我们和他们的关系就像鱼儿和水一样。
（2）Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow.
蜂蜜与蜜蜂的关系如同牛奶和奶牛的关系。
（3）Smell is to the nose what taste is to the tongue.
嗅觉与鼻子的关系如同味觉和舌头的关系。
（4）Furniture is to the living room what playground equipment is to the playground.
家具与居室的关系如同体育器械和操场的关系。
疑难突破
despite,in spite of,though
三者都有“尽管”之意，但词性不同。前两者为介词，后跟名词，通常情况下可换用。而though 是连词，后跟句子。
应用
（1）He’s very active ______ his age.
（2）______ all their hard work,the project ended in failure.
（3）______ it was very late,the child would not go to bed.
（4）Young ______ he was he knew a lot.
答案：（1）despite/in spite of （2）In spite of/Despite （3）Though （4）though
典例剖析
【例1】（2004年辽宁，30）______ by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted
部析： 这里考查的是非谓语动词作状语。非谓语动词作状语时，其动作的发出者必须和句子的主语保持一致，即女孩被某物所吸引，排除主动形式的A、D两项；动词不定式作状语表示目的，与题意不符，排除C项。
答案：B
【例2】（2004年春季上海，42）After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home,______.
A.exhausting B.exhausted
C.being exhausted D.having exhausted
剖析：过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语为Richard Jones。
答案：B
【例3】 （2004年重庆，30）Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ______.
A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry
剖析：本题考查非谓语动词。备选答案是动词 worry的某种形式。worry多为及物动词，意为“使……担心/着急”。此外，空中应填宾语补足语，表示宾语的动作、状态、身份等。这样的法律使父母感到担心，也就是说父母被这样的法律弄得担心。所以宾语与补足语之间有被动的主谓关系，而过去分词正好表示被动意义。
答案：A高中第二册（下）
Unit 11-Unit 12
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 engineering solar significant mankind likely economic zone hi-tech private overseas technological grasp master perfect arrange rely failure locate valley brand luggage achieve breakthrough impressive *agency supercomputer league distance balloon fiction servant whale hunter guest voyage abroad prisoner gentle matter *phenomena attention labour hesitate butcher curtain lip
词组 set foot in rely on put forward through light upon
语法 构词法
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.likely
例句集锦
adj.
（1）Snow showers are likely in the next 24 hours.
未来的24小时内可能有阵雪。
The likely cost of the operation is 20 000 American dollars.
这次手术的花费可能得达两万美圆。
At likely story!可能有的事！（常为讥讽）
（2）He is likely to win.=It is likely that he will win.
他可能会赢。
It’s likely to be cold tonight.
今天晚上可能会变冷。
There is not likely to be much rain tomorrow.
明天不会有很多雨。
（3）a likely candidate极有可能当选的候选人
Search all the most likely places first.
首先搜索所有最有可能躲藏的地方。
He is the most likely person for the job.
他是最适合那份工作的人。
adv.
Most likely it will be a woman.
很可能会是个女人。
He has most likely forgotten.
他很可能忘了。
He will very likely come by car.
他大概会开车来。
用法归纳
*likely可用作形容词或副词。主要有四个意项：有可能的;可能会;适当的；大概，或许，很可能。
特别提示
likely指有发生的可能性，通常用于好事。如：He is likely to win.
2.locate
例句集锦
vt.
（1）We couldn’t locate the source of the radio signal.
我们无法确定无线电信号的来源。
If you locate her,tell me at once.
如果你找到她马上告诉我。
（2）Where is the new university to be located
新大学将设于何处？
They located their Asian office in Hong Kong.
他们的亚洲办事处设在香港。
The business is located right in the center of town.
商店正好位于市中心。
vi. [美]定居（in）He is going to locate in California.
他打算在加州定居。
用法归纳
*locate用作动词主要有三个义项：找出……的位置；指出/确认……的场所；设置（工厂、机关等）；位于及定居。
特别提示
locate当“位于”讲时，常与介词in/by/near等搭配。
3.achieve
例句集锦
vt.
Women haven’t yet achieved full equality in the workplace.
在工作领域，妇女还没有取得完全平等的地位。
China has achieved the highest rate of economic growth in the world this year.
中国今年已实现世界最高的经济增长率。
He achieved nothing.他一事无成。
vi.
We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession.
我们希望所有的学生在各自选择的专业领域内都能有所成就。
n.
Winning three gold medals is a remarkable achievement.
赢得3枚金牌是个了不起的成绩。
You get a wonderful sense of achievement when you reach the top.
当你到达顶部时，会有一种绝妙的成就感。
用法归纳
*achieve 用作动词，主要有三个义项：实现;取得;达到、获得成功等。其名词形式为：achievement。有可数名词和不可数名词，意为“实现、完成；成绩、成就”。
特别提示
achieve指达成有价值的或重要的事情，并暗示需克服困难或障碍。
4.matter
例句集锦
n.
（1）You do realize this is a serious matter,don’t you
你确实意识到这是一件严重的事情，对吧？
That’s a matter of life and death.
那是生死攸关的问题。
a matter of greatest importance 极重要的事
（2）Take matters easy（seriously）.
对事情抱轻松（认真）的态度。
let the matters drop（rest） 就此打住；把事情搁下
as matters stand=as the matter stands 照现状来说
（3）Is anything the matter
有什么事（问题）吗？
What’s the matter with you
你怎么了？
Nothing is the matter.没什么事。
（4）The universe is composed of matter.
宇宙由物质构成。
v.
（1）—We have missed the train!
我们已经误车了。
—It doesn’t matter,there is another one in 10 minutes.
没关系，10分钟以后还有一趟。
Will it matter if I am a little late
我晚来一会不要紧吧？
It doesn’t matter what you wear,as long as you look neat and tidy.
只要看起来干净整洁，你穿什么都可以。
（2）It mattered a great deal to her what other people thought of her.
其他人怎么看她对她来说极为重要。
All that matters（what matters） is that you are safe.
重要的是你的安全。
用法归纳
*matter可用作名词和不及物动词。主要有三个义项：（笼统）事情，事态，麻烦事；占有空间的物体或物质；成为问题，关系重大等。可构成如下词组：
a matter of 有关……的问题；as a matter of fact 事实上；for that matter 关于那件事，就那件事而言；no matter what/which/who/where/when/why/how 无论什么/哪一个/什么人/什么地方/什么时候/为什么/怎么样。
特别提示
matter用以指笼统情况时常用复数形式。用作动词时，主要以it为主语，通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。
●重点短语
1.set foot in（on） 踏进，造访，进入
例句集锦
I will never set foot in Tokyo again.
我再也不到东京去了。
She swore she would never set foot in his house ever again.
她发誓不再进入他的房子。
相关归纳
（1）get/jump/rise to one’s feet站起/跳起身来
Mike jumped to his feet and ran towards the window.
迈克跳起来，向窗口跑去。
（2）on foot
①步行，徒步 Shall we go by bus or on foot
我们搭公车还是步行？
②动着；（事情）开始；（一步一步地）在进行
set a plan on foot着手一项计划
③on one’s feet 站着；（病）复元；自立
He was on his feet clapping loudly.
他站起来大声地鼓掌。
You must help her get back on her feet.
你必须帮助她复元。
2.rely on/upon 信赖
例句集锦
We may rely on /upon his promise.
我们可以信赖他的诺言。
The man is not to be relied upon.
那个人不可靠。
I rely on you to help me.
我依赖你帮助我。
I rely on getting the money next week.
我相信下星期可以得到那笔钱。
特别提示
rely on /upon 之后若要接that从句，则在中间加it。如：
You can rely upon it that he will come.
你放心他会来的。
3.put forward 推举、提出、提倡、促进
例句集锦
We put him forward for the position of chairman.
我们推举他当主席。
He had no desire to put forward his plan.
他不想提出他的计划。
Put a clock an hour forward.
将时钟拨快一小时。
相关归纳
（1）put aside 放在一旁；搁置；储蓄
He put aside his books.
他把他的书放在一旁。
I put aside 200 dollars every month.
我每月储蓄200美圆。
（2）put away 收起来；（为将来而）储蓄
I put away a little money away every month.
我每个月储存一点钱。
Let me just put these files away.
让我把这些文件收拾好。
（3）put through 顺利完成，接通电话
The project has been put through successfully.
那项计划已经大功告成。
Please put me through to Mr Brown.
请接布郎先生。
（4）put it叙述，表达
As Lucretius put it,“what is food to one man may be fierce to others.”
正如罗切斯所说：“对于一个人可能是美食的东西，对于其他人可能是毒药。”
Long-term planning is a waste of time because —as Keynes put it —in the long term we?re all dead.
长期规划是浪费时间，因为正如凯恩斯所说，从长远来看，我们终有一死。
I want to say I love her,but I don’t know how to put it.
我想说我爱她，但我不知道要怎么开口。
To put it briefly,I don’t like you.
简单地说，我不喜欢你。
Let me put it in another way.
让我换个方式来说明。
4.in common共同（的），共有（的），公用（的）
例句集锦
They had a lot in common and got on well.
他们有许多共同处，所以相处得很好。
Tom’s parents have little in common in their manners.
汤姆父母的举止极少有相似之处。
The two countries have a lot in common.
这两个国家有许多共同之处。
相关归纳
（1）in common with...和……相同
In common with most educated young men he prefers classical music to jazz.
如同大多数受过教育的人一样，他也喜欢古典音乐而不喜欢爵士乐。
In common with most young people,he likes playing computer games.
像多数年轻人一样，他喜欢电脑游戏。
（2）out of（the） common 不平常的，非凡的
He is a poet quite out of common.
他是个非同寻常的诗人。
●必背句型
get+p.p.
教材原句
The center itself got started in the early 1980s.
那个中心在20世纪80年代早期开始启动。
特别提示
get+p.p.可表达两种意义：（1）与形容词性的过去分词连用表示变成（某种状态）。get tired变得疲倦；get bored变得厌烦；get drunk 喝醉；get married 结婚（2）被；受
补充例句
（1）He was getting more and more puzzled.
他愈来愈感到迷惑。
（2）He got caught in the rain.
他被雨淋了。
（3）They all got punished.
他们都受到了惩罚。
（4）They have got divorced.他们离婚了。
疑难突破
1.过去分词和动词-ing作状语时的区别：
过去分词一般表示完成和被动，而-ing形式往往表示进行和主动。
应用
（1）The woman sat in the armchair______（watch）TV.
（2）The old man sat in bed______（surround）by his children.
（3）______（bury）deep down in the earth,the dead forests rotted away and became coal.
答案：（1）watching （2）surrounded （3）Buried
2.try to,try doing
try to意为“试，尝试；试图”，内含一种“试图……但并没达到”之意。而try doing 意为试着做看有什么样的结果。
应用
（1）Don’t shout at him;he is only trying______（help）.
（2）I’m going to try______（cook）a paella this evening.
（3）I tried______（persuade）him and succeeded.
（4）I tried______（persuade）him but in vain.
答案：（1）to help （2）cooking （3）persuading （4）to persuade
3.work on,work at
work on 有三个意思： （1）研究，从事于……项目；（2）在……上工作；（3）对……产生影响;work at 意思为“用功于；从事于”。在表示此意思时，两者的区别是：work on 带有深入研究的含义。
应用
（1）The headmaster might accept our suggestion if someone works______him.
（2）In the fields,a group of girls were working______tomato plants.
（3）He is working hard______maths.
（4）He is working______a maths problem.
（5）In order to get a doctor’s degree,he is working hard______Shakespear.
答案：（1）on （2）on （3）at （4）on （5）on
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全国卷Ⅰ，32）You can take anything from the shelf and read,but please______the books when you’ve finished with them.
A.put on B.put down C.put back D.put off
剖析：本题考查由put构成的词组,put back放回去;put on穿上，挂起来；put down放下，记下；put off表示延期，使（乘客）下车等。
答案：C
【例2】 （2004年辽宁,26）Before the war broke out,many people______in safe places possessions they couldn’t take with them.
A.threw away B.put away C.gave D.carried away
剖析：本题考查动词短语。战争爆发前，人们会把带不走的财产放在安全的地方。故此处填“把……收起来放好”，put away正是此意。throw away扔掉，放弃；gave away放弃、储蓄；carry away带走。这三项均不符合语境。
答案：B
【例3】 （2004年春季上海高考题）A fast food restaurant is the place ______,just as the name suggest,eating is performed quickly.
A.which B.where C.what D.there
剖析：where 引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。
答案：B
PAGEUnit 5-Unit 6
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 *consist state powerful mistaken narrow unknown republic Europe form *Atlantic general *influence basis *inland *conquer *upper union judge queen cigarette proof own foot employ sheet grain westwards *approach historical *prediction exact *forecast ensure *system *consumer *reform necessity crowded goods tiny *cashre main importance regular medical deal *physician cure educator distance lifelong hopeful well-prepared *cheat *wrist programme reality
词组 *consist of be made up of make the most of hold together in general keep in touch with... pay attention to deal with in store
语法 名词性从句
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.cure
例句集锦
v.
（1）This medicine has cured thousands of people.
此药治疗好了成千上万的人。
The doctor cured him of cancer.
医生治愈了他的癌症。
（2）What can’t be cured must be endured.
［谚］无能为力之事只得忍耐。
It seems that nobody can cure me of smoking.
似乎没有人能使我戒烟。
The shock of losing my purse cured me of all my former absent-mindedness.
失去钱包的打击，使我一改过去心不在焉的坏毛病。
（3）This wound cures easily.
这种伤容易治好。
n.
（1）In three weeks a perfect cure was obtained.
三星期内完全治好了病。
（2）He went to the country for a cure.
他到乡下去疗养。
（3）He hoped to find an effective cure for AIDS.
他希望找到艾滋病的有效治疗法（药）。
（4）a cure for unemployment 解决失业的办法
用法归纳
*cure 可用作动词（vi.＆vt.）和名词。主要义项有：治疗，治愈；矫正，革除；治疗法，治疗药；解决方法。
特别提示
cure不能直接跟双宾语，而应用cure sb. of sth.。
2.deal
例句集锦
v.
（1）The profit was dealt out fairly.那笔利润分得公平。
She dealt（out）each child a pencil.
=She dealt a pencil（out）to each child.
她分给每个孩子一枝铅笔。
（2）deal with a problem 处理一个问题
This book deals with the Middle East.
这本书讨论中东问题。
The question is how to deal with the increasing amount of traffic in the streets.
问题是如何去应付街上不断增加的交通量。
（3）You should deal fairly with them.
你应该公平地对待他们。
I refuse to deal with him.
我拒绝跟他打交道。
He is hard/easy to deal with.
他难于/容易相处。
（4）Our company deals mainly in cameras.
本公司主要经营照相机。
The store deals only in trousers.
那商店只卖裤子。
Which firm do you deal with
你跟哪家公司交易？
I usually deal at that store.
我通常在那家商店买东西。
n.
（1）make a deal in oil products 达成油品的交易
（2）It’s（That’s）a deal.
那就成交了；一言为定。
用法归纳
*deal可用作动词（vi.＆vt.）和名词。作及物动词时意为“分配”。作不及物动词时意为“处理;应付;涉及;对待;交往;交易;经营”，此时常与介词with连用。作名词时意为“成交,交易”。
特别提示
deal with 常与how连用，而do with 常与what连用。
3.remain
例句集锦
v.
（1）If you take 2 from 7,5 remains.
7减2余5。
The fact remains that she is a liar.
她是个说谎者的事实仍在。
Of the five sisters only two now remain.
五姊妹中现在只剩下两个。
Much remains to be done.
很多事有待去做。
（2）He went but his wife remained.
他去了但是他的太太留了下来。
We’ll remain here three days more.
我们还要在这儿停留三天。
She remained where she was.她留在原处。
They remained at the hotel till Monday.
他们住在旅馆，直到星期一为止。
（3）For a moment he remained speechless.
有一会儿他默默无言。
The natural beauty of the country remains unchanged.
那个国家的天然美景依然未变。
Her love affair remains a secret.
她的风流韵事依然是个秘密。
They remained friends.
他们依然是朋友。
He remained sitting there.
他继续坐在那里。
n.
the remains of a meal
吃剩的食物，剩菜残肴
用法归纳
*remain可用作动词（vi.）和名词。主要义项有：留下；停留，逗留；依然是；剩余（物）。
特别提示
remain作连系动词时，不能用被动语态。
4.require
例句集锦
v.
（1）Your presence is urgently required.
你务必到场。
I will do what is required of me.
凡是要求我做的事，我都会办到。
He required more help from me.
他要求我提供更多的帮助。
He was required to leave.
他被要求离开。
She required that I（should）go at once.
她要求我立刻去。
（2）This job requires strength.
这份工作需要体力。
This bicycle requires repairing/to be required.
这辆自行车需要修理。
The situation requires that immediate action（should）be taken.
情势上需要立即采取行动。
用法归纳
*require一般用作及物动词。主要有两个义项：要求，命令；需要。作“要求,命令”讲时主要搭配形式为：require+名词/不定式的复合宾语/that从句（从句谓语动词should+动词原形，其中should可省略）。作“需要”讲时主要搭配形式为：require+名词/动名词（不定式的被动式）/that从句（从句谓语动词should+动词原形，其中should可省略）。
特别提示
require 后跟动名词的主动式表示被动，亦可用不定式的被动式；后跟宾语从句时常用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略。
●重点短语
1.be made up of
例句集锦
China is made up of 56 nations.
中国有56个民族。
The committee is made up of representatives from all the universities.
委员会是由所有大学的代表组成的。
Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.
水是由氢和氧两种元素组成的。
相关归纳
（1）be made of/from 由……制成
This kind of paper was made from rags.
这种纸是用旧布制成的。
These wine bottles are made of glass.
这些酒瓶是由玻璃制成的。
（2）be made into（某种原料）可以制成（某种成品）
Bamboo can be made into many useful tools.
竹子可以制成很多有用的工具。
Stones can be made into bridges.
石头可以建桥。
2.make the most of
例句集锦
We should make the most of our opportunities.
我们应该尽量利用我们的机会。
We have only a few hours so we must make the most of our time.
我们只有几小时，所以我们必须善于利用我们的时间。
She’s not really beautiful,but she makes the most of her looks.
她并不十分漂亮，却很会打扮。
相关归纳
（1）make use of 使用，利用
Any citizen can make use of the public library.
任何一位公民都可以使用这家公共图书馆。
Our factory is making increasing use of robots.
我们的工厂对机器人的使用与日俱增。
Make good（the best）use of your brains.
要善用你的头脑（将你的头脑作最佳的利用）。
（2）take advantage of 利用；欺骗
He took advantage of the holiday to finish his homework.
他利用假期完成他的作业。
He took advantage of my kindness.
他利用我的仁慈。
He took advantage of his friend.
他占了他朋友的便宜。
He took full advantage of the school library.
他充分利用学校的图书馆。
特别提示
在take advantage of 结构中，advantage前无冠词，且其也不用复数。
3.keep in touch with
例句集锦
We have kept in touch with each other for twenty years.
我们相互保持联系达20年之久。
Do keep in touch.务必保持联络。
I have kept in touch with Mary since graduation.
毕业后我同玛丽一直保持联系。
相关归纳
（1）get in touch with 和……联络，和……接触
I got in touch with her.
我跟她联络上了。
（2）lose touch with（与……）失去联系；没有……的消息，不明……的真相
He has lost touch with reality.
他与现实脱节。
If we don’t write often,we will lose touch.
如果我们不经常通信，我们就会失去联系。
（3）be in/out of touch with（与……）联系/失去联络，与……脱节
I’m still in touch with his old friends.
我仍然和他的老朋友保持联系。
I can’t give you advice,because I am out of touch with economic conditions now.
我不能给你提供建议，因为我不了解现阶段的经济状况。
特别提示
在keep in touch with 和get in touch with结构中，要用介词in,而在lose touch with结构中不用介词in。
●必背句型
1.同位语从句
教材原句
（1）The idea that England stands for Fish ＆ Chips,Speakers’ Corner,Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
用炸鱼土豆条、演讲角、大本钟和伦敦塔象征英国的时代已经过去了。
（2）The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.
大不列颠本土由三个国家组成，这一事实许多人还不知道。
补充例句
（1）Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.
他在信中许诺这个圣诞节将来看我。
（2）The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.
飞机将会按时起飞，这消息使得大家非常高兴。
（3）The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
学生们应该学实际东西，这个建议值得考虑。
（4）I have no idea when he will be back.
我不知道他何时回来。
特别提示
和定语从句不同，同位语从句的that（连词）只起连接作用，不作句子成分，但不能省略。
2.表语从句
教材原句
（1）The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table,animal and age.
法语的影响导致英语里存在大量的法语单词，比如table,animal和age。
（2）The discussion topic for today is what school will be like in the future.
今天谈论的主题是将来的学校是个什么样子。
补充例句
（1）That’s what I told you about.
这就是我告诉过你的那件事。
（2）The truth is that I have never been there.
真实情况是我从未到过那里。
（3）The problem was when he could go there.
问题是他何时能去那里。
（4）It looks as if it is going to rain.
天看起来好像要下雨了。
特别提示
和宾语从句不同，表语从句的that（连词）只起连接作用，不作句子成分，但不能省略。
疑难突破
1.country,nation,state
这三个词都有“国家”的意思，但用法各异。country“国家”，“国土”，是不含任何感彩或引申意义的普通名词，着重指疆土、国土、家园。nation着重指人民，可译作“民族，国民（总称）”。例如：the Chinese nation（中华民族）。state着重指政权、国家机器。
应用
（1）The king spoke on TV to the ______.
（2）They set up a ______ of their own where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
（3）How many ______ are there in the world
答案：（1）nation （2）state （3）countries
2.common,usual,ordinary,general
common是（几乎）所有的人或事物所共有的，常见的，普通的，有“习见习闻，并不高贵”的意思，指品质时，则为“低劣的”。
usual指由过去的经验可判断为正常或通常的，因此是按照预测发生的。
ordinary表示与一般事物的标准、品质、习俗相同，平凡而不特殊，着重平淡无奇。
general是关联到同类中之全部、广泛的。
应用
（1）This is a very ______ idiom.
（2）This is an ______ event.
（3）The two sisters have little in ______ in their manners.
（4）Thunder is the ______ sign of a coming storm.
（5）She is in an ______ dress.
（6）Breast cancer is the most ______ form of cancer among women in this country.
（7）This opinion is ______ among the ______ population.
（8）This was no ______ meeting:it would change the future of the world.
答案：（1）common （2）ordinary （3）common （4）usual （5）ordinary （6）common （7）common;general （8）ordinary
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全国卷Ⅰ，31）You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is ______ I disagree.
A.why B.where C.what D.how
剖析：where 在这里引导表语从句并在从句中作状语。disagree为不及物动词，其后不能直接加名词或代词宾语，排除C顶；A、D项意思与题意不符。
答案：B
【例2】 （2004年全国卷Ⅱ，26）The road is covered with snow.I can’t understand ______ they insist on going by motorbike.
A.why B.whether C.when D.how
剖析：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。根据语句的意义，选A比较恰当。句意为：路面上满是雪，我不明白他们为什么坚持骑摩托车。
答案：A
【例3】 （2004年天津，35）A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A.what B.which C.that D.where
剖析：what引导的是名词性从句，在此作in的宾语，相当于the place that，同时在从句中作主语；B项语意欠妥；C、D两项不合语法。句意为：一个现代化的城市在10年前曾是荒地的地方建起来了。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年上海，37）After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A.where B.what C.that D.how
剖析：在题干中，谓语desire to do 之后又出现了谓语动词is,说明is 之前是主语从句。能够引导主语从句并在其中充当主语的只有what。
答案：B
【例5】 （2004年上海，40）A story goes ______ Elizabeth Ⅰ of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A.when B.where C.what D.that
剖析：that连词，不作成分只起连接作用，在这里引导同位语从句，说明story 的详细内容。
答案：DUnit 13-Unit 14
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 sailor *benefit disadvantage *entertainment *medium relatively solid *available pure *dense relationship mass *volume float *absorb *release *stable *sensitive bottom freedom form prison revolution judge slavery runaway forbid soul march *junior separation race marriage *vote political demand achieve *arrest lawyer racial act *religion *chapter sort *viewpoint
词组 put...into prison join hands be active in march on set an example to from then on at first sight take advantage of *contribute to *be sensitive to in common
语法 语法情态动词 被动语态
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.demand
例句集锦
v.
（1）She demanded an immediate explanation.
她要求立即给予解释。
The policeman demanded his name and address.
警察询问了他的姓名和地址。
They demand too high a price of him.
他们向他要价太高。
（2）She demanded to see the manager.
她要求见经理。
I demand to know the truth.
我要求了解真情。
（3）The UN has demanded that all troops（should） be withdrawn.
联合国要求全面撤军。
She demanded that he（should） finish the work within an hour.
她要求他在一小时内完成工作。
（4）“Who the hell are you ” he demanded angrily.
“你到底是谁？”他怒气冲冲地问道。
“Give me the key,” she demanded.
“给我钥匙，”她要求道。
（5）This sport demands both speed and strength.
这种运动既需要速度又需要力量。
The work demands great attention.
这项工作需要精力高度集中。
n.
（1）The employers refused their demand for higher pay.
=The employers refused their demand that their pay（should） be raised.
雇主拒绝了他们加薪的要求。
（2）Demand for cotton is down.
棉花的需求下降了。
There is a great demand for coffee.=Coffee is in great demand.
咖啡的需求量很大。
There is an increasing demand for computer engineers.
市场对电脑工程师的需求不断增加。
My new job makes great demand on me（my time）.
我的新工作需要花去我很多时间。
用法归纳
*demand可用作动词和名词。主要有两个义项：强烈要求，诘问；需要，需求。
*用作动词时的主要搭配形式为:demand+名词；demand+动词不定式；demand+that从句。
特别提示
demand后that从句中的谓语动词形式为（should）+动词原形。
2.race
例句集锦
n.
（1）He came second in the 100-meter race.
他在百米赛跑中获得了第二名。
He won（lost） the race.
他赢（输）了赛跑。
（2）We are running a race with（against）time.
我们正在赶时间。
I must have a race for the train.
我必须赶火车。
The arms race between the countries badly affects people’s living standards.
各国间的军备竞赛严重影响了人们的生活水准。
（3）the human race人类
the black（white） race黑（白）种人
v.
（1）Let’s race.我们来赛跑吧。
They were racing along the course.
他们正在跑道上赛跑。
（2）The policeman raced after the thief.
警察猛追那个小偷。
He had to race to catch the train.
他不得不赶紧去搭火车。
（3）He raced his bicycle against a car.
他骑自行车和汽车比赛。
I’ll race you to the park.
我跟你赛跑到公园。
He raced the child to the hospital.
他把那个孩子急速送到医院。
用法归纳
* race可用作名词和动词（vi.& vt.）。主要义项有：赛跑，竞争，疾行，使……全速前进，种族，族类
3.form
例句集锦
v.
（1）A plan formed in his mind.
他头脑中形成了一个计划。
Ice forms at 0℃.冰在零度时形成。
Tears formed in her eyes.
她眼里开始充满泪水。
Flowers appeared,but fruits failed to form.
开花了，但未结果。
（2）They joined hands and formed a circle.
他们牵起手，组成一个圆圈。
You should form good habits.
你应养成好习惯。
It’s too early to form an opinion about the new policy.
要形成对于这项政策的意见还为时过早。
The soldiers were formed into a line.
士兵们站成一条线。
n.
（1）The disease can take several different forms.
这种病可有数种形式。
Music is not like most other art forms.
音乐不同于其他大多数艺术形式。
Help in the form of money will be very welcome.
非常欢迎捐款形式的帮助。
（2）to fill in a form（BrE）=to fill out a form（AmE）=to complete a form填表
（3）After six months’ training the whole team is in superb form.
经过六个月的集训，全队状态极佳。
I really need to get back in form.
我真需要恢复健康状态。
用法归纳
* form可用作动词（vi.& vt.）和名词。主要义项有：形成；使……形成,组成；形状,形态,形式；（健康）状态
特别提示
form作名词时，前面常用in构成词组。
4.judge
例句集锦
n.
（1）The judge sentenced him to three years in prison.
法官判他三年监禁。
（2）He was a judge at the beauty contest.
他是那次选美比赛的一名评审。
（3）She is no judge of art.
她没有艺术眼光。
v.
（1）As far as I can judge,all of them are to blame.
据我判断，他们都有责任。
Judging by her last letter,they are having a wonderful time.
从她的上一封信来看，他们过得好极了。
To judge from what he said,he was very disappointed.
听他的口气，他非常失望。
（2）Schools should not be judged only on exam results.
不能仅仅根据考试成绩来评判学校。
They judged it wise to say nothing.
他们认为还是一言不发为妙。
The tour was judged a great success.=The tour was judged to have been a great success.
那被认为是一次非常成功的出游。
I judged him to be about 50.
我估计他大约五十岁。
It’s difficult to judge how long the journey will take.
这次旅程需多长时间难以预料。
Don’t judge a book by its cover./Never judge by appearances.
不要以貌取人（物）。
She was asked to judge the writing competition.
她被邀请当写作竞赛的评委。
用法归纳
* judge 可用作名词和动词（vi.& vt.），主要义项有：法官，评委；判断，估计；评判，审判。
特别提示
Judging from（by）是常用结构，句法功能相当于according to。
●重点短语
1.at first sight
例句集锦
At first sight,it may look like a generous offer,but always read the small print.
乍看上去，那似乎是一个慷慨的奉送，但别忘了阅读用小号字体印刷的内容。
At first sight the problem seems easy.
乍看起来，这个问题似乎很容易。
They fell in love at first sight.
他们一见钟情。
相关归纳
（1）at（the）sight of 一看到……
At（the）sight of the teacher the boys ran away.
一看到老师,男孩子们便跑掉了。
The lady fainted at（the）sight of blood pouring from her wound.
一看到血从她的伤口涌出，那位女士便昏过去了。
（2）in sight在视野之内；out of sight在视野之外
The island is still in sight.
那个岛还看得见。
There was no one in sight.四处不见人。
The mother waved to her son till the bus was out of sight.
那位妈妈一直向她儿子挥手，直到看不到公共汽车为止。
Out of my sight!
给我滚得远远的！
Out of sight,out of mind.
离久情疏。
（3）catch（get,gain）sight of看到；lose sight of 看不到
I caught sight of him in the crowd.
我在人群中看到了他。
Their boat was much faster and we soon lost sight of them.
他们的船比我们的快，不久我们就看不到他们了。
（4）come into sight 进入视野
A bicycle came into sight on the main road.
大街上出现了一辆自行车。
特别提示
由sight构成的词组sight前常不用冠词。
2.set an example to
例句集锦
He sets an example to the other students.
=He sets an example for the other students.
=He sets the other students an example.
他为其他学生树立了榜样
相关归纳
（1）for example=for instance
The report is incomplete；it does not include sales in France,for example.
该报告欠完整，比如，它未将法国的销售额包括进去。
It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects,for example Physics.
将计算机科学课程与其他课程如物理结合起来是可能的。
She visited several cities in Japan,for example,Tokyo and Kobe.
她在日本参观了几个城市，比如东京和神户。
（2）take ... for example 以……为例
Let’s take Mary for example.
让我们以玛丽为例吧。
（3）follow sb’s example=follow the example of sb.
以某人为学习的榜样
Millions of Chinese follow Lei Feng’s example.
千百万中国人以雷锋为学习榜样。
（4）make an example of sb.
惩罚某人以儆他人，惩一儆百
The captain decided to make an example of the soldier who had played truant.
上尉决定惩罚开小差的士兵以儆他人。
3.from then on
例句集锦
She left in 1984 and from then on she lived alone.
她于1984年离开，打那时起一直独居。
From then on they never spoke to each other.
自那时起他们一直不搭腔。
From then on the bat always comes out at night.
自那时起蝙蝠总是在夜间出来。
相关归纳
（1）（every）now and then=（every）now and again=from time to time时常，不时
Every now and then she checked to see if he was still asleep.
她不时地查看他是否还在熟睡。
I do every single bit of housework while my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
家务活我无所不做而我的老公鲍勃只是偶尔洗洗盘子。
（2）then and there=there and then 当场，立即
He accepted my offer then and there.
他当场接受了我的开价。
I took one look at the car and offered to buy it there and then.
我看了一眼汽车便当场答应买下来。
（3）but then=then again=but then again 但是，但是另一方面
She was early,but then again,she always is.
她来得早，然而她总是早来。
—So you might accept their offer
那么你也许会接受他们的开价？
—Yes,then again I might not.
是的，但也许不会。
●必背句型
1.强调句型及其变化形式
教材原句
（1）It was during the “March on Washington DC” in 1963 that he gave the speech “I Have a Dream”,which inspired people of all races to fight for equality.
正是在“华盛顿特区大游行”期间，他作了“我有一个梦想”的演说，该演说激励着各种族人民为争取平等而斗争。
特别提示
注意强调句式的结构：It is（was）+被强调的成分+原句结构。上句强调的是时间状语。
（2）What is it that makes the ocean such a great place to live
是什么使海洋成为如此优越的生存之所？
特别提示
本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式。我们可将其还原成陈述句：
It is water that makes the ocean such a great place to live.
补充例句
（1）It is the chemical structure of water that makes it an excellent medium for life.
是水的化学结构使它成为绝佳的生命存在的介质。
（2）What is it that makes water an excellent medium for life
是什么使水成为绝佳的生命存在的介质？
Why!I have nothing to confess. What is it that you want me to say
嗨！我没有什么可供认的，你究竟想让我说什么？
（3）I have always been honest and straightforward,and it doesn’t matter who it is that I’m talking to.
我向来实话实说，直言不讳，不论对谁讲话都是如此。
2.What和whatever引导的名词性从句
教材原句
（1）Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties,the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point.
虽然纯净水给海水提供了主要特性，但海水的高含盐量影响着其重量和冰点。
特别提示
连接代词what=the thing which,相当于汉语中的“的”字结构，表示“……的人（事）”，其引导的名词性从句可作主语、宾语或表语。掌握what-句的关键是弄清what的“分身术”：既在从句中充当主语或宾语，又在逻辑上充当主句中的主语或动词宾语。
（2）What all these groups have in common is that they ask to be treated with respect,share the rights to work,good housing conditions and education and be treated equal to other people in all ways.
这些团体所共有的愿望是要求受到尊重，享有工作、好的居住条件和受教育的权利以及在各方面受到平等对待。
（3）The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean will quickly become available to other living creatures.
任何东西进入海洋后，其营养物质很快就会被其他生物获得。
特别提示
句中的whatever=anything that,与what功能相同，只是语气强一些。
补充例句
（1）It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
一般认为孩子要什么就给他（她）什么是不明智的。
（2）A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.
在十年前还是荒地的地方建起了一座现代化的城市。
（3）After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth，what our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
杨利伟成功绕地球飞行后，我们的宇航员们渴望做太空行走。
（4）You are what you eat.
你的饮食习惯决定着你的人生。
疑难突破
1.race,match,game,competition,contest
五者都有“比赛”之义，但适用的范围有所不同。race通常指短跑比赛，如百米赛跑、接力赛等；match 一般指代表队之间的大型的公开比赛，尤指球类比赛；game通常指为了娱乐或锻炼、根据某种规则以胜负为主的比赛，既可是体力的，亦可是脑力的；competition指对力量、技术和能力的比赛，如：a beer drinking competition；contest与competition用法非常接近，有时可互换，只是contest是一种更正规的竞赛，一般要有评委班子，并要评出几等奖，如：a beauty contest；a dancing contest。
应用
（1）Who won the 100-etre______
（2）The football______was so exciting that all the people watching kept shouting all the time.
（3）Basketball is such a popular______in the U.S.that whenever there is a ______the place is always crowded.
（4）Have you entered for the writing______
（5）Let’s have a______of cards.
答案：（1）race （2）match （3）game；match （4）competition/contest （5）game
2.demand,ask,beg,require,request
五者都有“要求,请求”之义，但客气程度及结构搭配不尽相同。
*ask最常用,表示一般的请求,其常用结构有:ask sb.to do sth.,ask sb.for sth.,ask for sth.。
*demand 有命令之意，是来自权威方面不许打折扣的要求。其常用结构有demand sth.,demand to do sth.,demand that....
*beg “乞求，恳求”。表谦恭地恳请满足某种较迫切的要求，常含有低声下气之意。其常用结构有beg sth.,beg sb.to do sth.,beg to do sth.,beg for sth.,beg sb.for sth.。
*require “要求，命令”。常可与demand换用，但语气较缓和，有按章办事、任何人不得例外的含义。在较正式的文体里常用被动语态。常用结构有 require sth.,require sb.to do sth.,require that...。
*request“请求，恳求”。常指正式或有礼貌的请求。其常用结构有request sth.,request sb.to do sth.,request sb.to do sth.,request that...。
应用
（1）The policeman______his name and address.
（2）English is______to study in most schools in China.
（3）She______permission to film at the White House.
（4）The prisoners______for mercy.
（5）The boy______his mother not to punish him.
答案：（1）demanded （2）required （3）requested （4）begged（asked） （5）begged（asked）
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ,21）I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I ______report it to the police
A.should B.may C.will D.can
剖析：说话者常见空房子有灯光，感到不正常，不知是否应报警，于是征求听者意见。四个选项中只有should有“应当”之意。
答案：A
【例2】 （2004年上海,30）The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A.persuade B.will persuade
C.be persuaded D.are persuaded
剖析：首先，persuade 是及物动词，使用时要么带宾语，要么用被动式。据此可排除A、B两项；由主句谓语动词will be reduced可知从句应为真实条件句。在时间或条件状语从句中，谓语动词用一般时表达将来的动作。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年上海，47）After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself,he ______it into the sea.
A.transported B.unloaded C.released D.handled
剖析：考查词汇题。关键是准确理解各词的含义。transport运输；unload卸载；release释放；handle操作，摆弄。全句意为“驯鲸员确信那条鲸鱼能够照顾自己后把它放回大海”。
答案：C
PAGEUnit 7-Unit 8
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 deadly imaginary *quiz false *route blood prevention persuade defenceless illness treatment unprotected *sex lack proper cheer discourage cheernetwork specialist curable meaningful fierce stranger strength recover fighter *contrary *aid drown bleed ink wire container electrical *upside scream calm tip slight chest wound recovery blanket motorcycle sudden bite tap *loose explanation flashlight
词组 live with die of cheer（...） up suffer from on the contrary catch fire for the moment free from first aid upside down keep in mind roll over in honour of in case of
语法 虚拟语气
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.persuade
例句集锦
v.
（1）She is not easy to persuade.
她不容易说服。
She persuaded me to wait.她劝我等待。
She tried to persuade him to change his mind.
她试图劝他改变主意。
Can you persuade her into/out of wearing that dress
你能劝她穿（不穿）那件衣服吗？
（2）I couldn’t persuade him that she was a thief.
我无法使他相信她是个小偷。
How can I persuade you of my sincerity
我如何能使你相信我的真诚？
用法归纳
*persuade 主要用作及物动词。主要有两个义项：说服；使相信。主要搭配形式为：persuade sb. to do sth.；persuade sb. into doing sth.；persuade sb. out of doing sth.；persuade sb. that-clause。
特别提示
persuade sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”，强调结果；而advise sb. to do sth.和try to persuade sb. to do sth.意为“劝某人做某事”，强调动作。
2.lack
例句集锦
n.
She suffered from a severe lack of sleep.
她苦于严重的睡眠不足。
We have no lack of food.
我们不缺乏食物。
We cannot discuss the details now for lack of time.
因时间有限，我们现在无法讨论细节。
v.
（1）She lacks common sense.她没有（缺乏）常识。
She lacked the confidence to make friends.
她缺乏交朋友的信心。
（2）We lack for nothing.我们不缺任何东西。
They did not lack for money.他们并不缺钱。
用法归纳
*lack可用作动词（vi.＆vt.）和名词。主要义项有：缺乏，不足；不足之物，欠缺之物。
特别提示
lack用作名词时常与介词of连用，用作动词常与介词 for连用。
3.drown
例句集锦
v.
（1）Betty tried to drown herself in the lake.
贝蒂企图投湖自杀。
He drowned a kitten.他淹死了一只小猫。
（2）The noise from the airplane drowned his voice.
来自飞机的噪音淹没了他的声音。
The streets were drowned by the floods.
那条街道被洪水所淹没。
Mary’s eyes were drowned in tears.
玛丽的眼睛泪汪汪。
（3）He tried to drown his sorrows in drinks.
他试图以酒消愁。
（4）He drowned himself in his job.
他埋头工作。
（5）She was drowning.她快要淹死了。
He fell from a bridge and drowned.
他从桥上掉下去淹死了。
A drowning man will catch at a straw.
［谚语］快淹死的人连一根草都会抓住；急不暇择。
*drown可用作动词（vt.＆vi.）。主要义项有：使溺死，淹死；淹没；消除；忘却。
●重点短语
1.for the moment
例句集锦
I have nothing to do for the moment.
我目前没事做。
Stop the discussion for the moment.
请暂停讨论。
We’re happy living in a flat for the moment,but we may want to move to a house soon.
目前我们住在单元房很满意，不过我们不久也许想住个独门独院的房子。
相关归纳
（1）for a moment 片刻，一会儿
Let me speak for a moment.
让我说一会儿。
For a moment,I almost had nothing to say.
一下子，我几乎什么也说不出了。
Could you wait for me for a moment？
你能等我一会儿吗？
（2）in a moment 转瞬间，马上
All her imaginary happiness vanished in a moment.
她想象中的幸福霎时全部烟消云散了。
Mr Green will come to see you in a moment.
格林先生马上会来看你的。
（3）at the moment（用于现在时）此刻；（用于过去时）当时
They are doing nothing at the moment.
他们此刻什么事也没干。
I’m busy at the moment.我此刻忙。
She was sleeping at the very moment.
就在那时她正在睡觉。
特别提示
注意moment构成的短语中不同冠词的使用。
2.catch fire
例句集锦
The house caught fire.房子着火了。
If a pan of oil catches fire,turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.
如果油锅着火，关掉煤气，立即盖上锅。
With the strong wind,the cottage catches fire easily.
由于大风，茅屋很容易着火。
相关归纳
（1）（be） on fire着火
The company caught fire last night and it is on fire.
那家公司昨晚着火了，现在还在烧。
When he arrived,he found the house was still on fire.
他到的时候，发现那幢房子还在烧。
The fire has been on fire for half an hour.
那场火已经烧了半个小时了。
（2）make a fire生火
They made a fire to keep warm.
他们生火取暖。
The old woman was about to make a fire to cook dinner when someone knocked at the door.
那位老夫人正要生火做饭，这时候有人敲门。
（3）start/light a fire点火
They started a fire to be seen by the rescuing team.
他们点火好让援救队看见。
（4）put out the fire扑灭大火
The fire had been put out before the firemen arrived.
消防队员还未赶到大火就被扑灭了。
The fire guards often find campfires that have not been put out completely.
防火警备员经常发现未完全熄灭的营火。
（5）set...on fire/set fire to纵火，放火烧
The Japanese set fire to his house.
日本人烧了他的家。
Nobody knows who set the house on fire.
没有人知道谁烧了那幢房子。
特别提示
注意fire所构成的短语中定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词的使用。
3.on the contrary相反地
例句集锦
I thought it was going to clear up.On the contrary,it began to rain.
我原以为天气会放晴，相反地，天开始下雨了。
—You’ll get tired of it.
你会厌倦它的。
—On the contrary,I’ll enjoy it very much.
正好相反，我会很喜欢它的。
相关归纳
（1）to the contrary相反的（地），有相反的证据
She says she didn’t go there,and there is no evidence to the contrary.
她说她没有到那儿去，且没有与她的话相反的证据。
I’ll expect you on Monday unless I hear to the contrary.
我期待你礼拜一来，除非我接到你相反的通知。
I know nothing to the contrary.
与此相反之事我一概不知。
（2）by contraries有相反的情形，与预期相反
Many things in our lives go by contraries.
在我们的生活当中，许多事情与预期相反。
She said that dreams go by contraries.
他说梦境预兆相反的事。
●必背句型
wish+宾语从句
教材原句
“I wish I could remember more about my mum,” Xiaohua says,“I wish she were here with me and that we weren’t sick.”
“我真希望我对妈妈的记忆能更多一些，”小华说，“我真希望她就在我身边，而且我们都没患病”。
特别提示
wish后跟宾语从句用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反用过去时，与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与将来事实相反用过去将来时或过去时。
补充例句
（1）I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year round.
但愿北京全年是秋天。
She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.
她希望仍和祖母住在一起。
（2）I wish I hadn’t spent too much money.
我后悔不该花那么多钱。
He wishes he had not lost the chance.
他真希望没有失去机会。
（3）I wish it would stop raining.
但愿雨能停止。
I wish you would come soon.
但愿你立刻来。
疑难突破
1.silent,quiet,still,calm,noiseless
silent 主要指人“沉默的,不出声的”，但不一定无活动。quiet意为“安静的,宁静的”，指人时表示生性安静，不易激动；用于自然环境时，指没有干扰活动、没有喧闹声的寂静状态。still意为“安静的，不动的”，不指心理状态，指环境和人“静的，静止的”状态。 calm意为“镇静的，平静的”，主要指人“沉着镇定”，指自然界“无风无浪”。 noiseless意为“声音很轻的，无声的”,常用来形容机器。
应用
（1）This is a ______ typewriter.
（2）In order not to lose the job,he kept ______ about the matter.
（3）It is a ______ place；I enjoy living here.
（4）Mary is a ______ girl.
（5）He remained ______ in face of danger.
（6）Stand ______ while I take a photo of you.
（7）We visited Beijing in ______ weather.
答案：（1）noiseless （2）silent （3）quiet （4）quiet （5）calm （6）still
（7）calm
2.suggest，advise，persuade
suggest v. 作“建议”讲时，常见结构有：suggest sth.建议某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事；suggest one’s doing sth.建议某人做某事； suggest that sb.（should） do sth.建议某人做某事；作“预示”讲时，构成句型 suggest sth.和 suggest that-clause（不用虚拟语气）。
advise v.“建议，忠告”，构成句型：advise sb.to do sth./advise doing sth./advise that sb.（should） do sth.。
persuade v. “说服”，构成短语persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事，等于persuade sb.into doing sth.。
应用
（1）I ______ my father to give up smoking,but he didn’t listen to me.
（2）He finally ______ them to sing for free.
（3）I ______ he help his brother with the farm work while he is free.
（4）His pale face ______ that he is in poor health.
（5）My ______ is that the meeting（should） be put off till next Monday.
（6）—When shall we start off
—I ______ tomorrow morning.
（7）Can you ______ me what to do next
答案：（1）advised （2）persuaded （3）suggest/advise （4）suggests （5）suggestion （6）suggest/advise （7）advise
典例剖析
【例1】（2004年辽宁，26）Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else ______ such a beautiful palace.
A.can you find B.you could find
C.you can find D.could you find
剖析：第一个分句中使用现在完成时态，第二个分句常使用现在时，排除B、D项；含有否定意义的副词放在句首时，该句要用部分倒装，排除C项。
答案：A
【例2】（2004年福建，28）—How do you ______ we go to Beijing for our holidays
—I think we’d better fly there.It’s much more comfortable.
A.insist B.want
C.suppose D.suggest
剖析：根据本句的谓语用原形这一现象可知用suggest。按句子结构的划分，这句话是含有插入语的特殊疑问句。插入成分的动词是suggest时，主句的谓语动词多用should+动词原形，should可省略。insist一词也有该用法，但与句意不符。如果用suppose之类的词作插入语，此句的谓语应该是将来时。
答案：D
【例3】（2004年福建，32）—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You ______ her last week.
A.ought to tell B.would have told
C.must tell D.should have told
剖析：情态动词+have+过去分词说明的是过去。根据状语last week和本句意义，应该选should have told，意为“本应该上星期告诉她，但你却没有”。
答案：D
【例4】（2004年广东，35）—Do you mind if I open the window
—______ I feel a bit cold.
A.Of course not. B.I’d rather you didn’t.
C.Go ahead. D.Why not
剖析：由I feel a bit cold看，答话者不愿开窗。A、C、D都表示“要开窗”的意思。
答案：B
PAGEUnit 15-Unit 16
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 airline uncomfortable phenomenon Brazil downtown *commercial avenue disappointed altitude surrounding guarantee breath taking downhill inexpensive feast dip gym shore budget rate visa arrangement passport cheque *currency sight *seasoned *accommodation central arrival entry mental physical depression civil greedy trader unemployment unrest *sacrifice *reconstruction former recover demonstration fierce *funeral shoot vain dawn overcome insist bookstore gather plain kilogram clothing chief afterwards widespread rot supply chain willing *category
词组 every now and then get tired of aim at in vain insist on on sale in turn have an effect on
语法 复习非谓语动词
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.recover
例句集锦
vt.
He is beginning to recover his strength.
他开始恢复体力。
It was some hours before she recovered consciousness.
过了几个小时她才恢复知觉。
I almost fell but managed to recover myself.
我几乎跌倒，但还是设法站稳了。
vi.
After a few days of fever,he began to recover.
发烧几天后，他开始康复。
My boss is recovering from a heart attack.
我的老板心脏病发作，正在恢复中。
After this war,the country will take a long time to recover.
经过这场战争，这个国家将需要很长时间才能恢复正常。
用法归纳
*recover可用作及物动词和不及物动词，意为：恢复（能力、知觉、对情绪的控制、活动能力）；恢复健康，恢复正常。
2.insist
例句集锦
vi.
He insisted on his correctness.
他坚持说他是对的。
He insisted on checking every item.
他坚持要检查每一个项目。
—Let me pay.
让我付吧。
—All right,if you insist.
好吧，如果你坚持的话。
vt.
She insisted that she（should）go at once.
她坚持她要马上去。
They insisted that everyone should come to the party.
他们坚决要求每人都要来参加晚会。
He insisted that he was innocent.
他极力说他是无辜的。
Mike insisted that he was right.
迈克坚持说自己是正确的。
用法归纳
*insist可用作及物动词与不及物动词，它有两个义项：坚持要；坚持说，坚持认为。用及物动词时主要搭配形式为：+that从句；用作不及物动词时为：+ on+名词或动名词。
特别提示
insist+that从句中用“should+动词原形”只表示坚持要。如表示坚持说，坚持认为，则不用虚拟形式。
3．supply
例句集锦
n..
Chocolate was in short supply during the war.
战争期间巧克力供应不足。
water/gas/electricity supply 水/煤气/电力供应
During the drought some households had their water supply cut off.
在干旱期间有些住户的自来水供应被中断。
vt.
They were arrested for supplying drugs to street dealers.
他们因给街头的毒品贩子提供毒品而被逮捕。
He supplied the police with the names of those involved in the crime.
他向警方提供了涉案人员名单。
用法归纳
*supply 可用作名词和及物动词，意思为：供应，供应品；提供。
有时还可用作形容词，表示“供给的，代理的”，如：“a supply pipe供给管；a supply teacher代课老师
特别提示
该词在表示提供之意时常用作：supply sth.to sb./supply sb.with sth.。
4.guarantee
例句集锦
n.
This camera comes with a year’s guarantee.
这照相机有一年的保用期。
This copier has a three-month guarantee for all repairs.
这台复印机有三个月的各种修理保证。
He put up his house as a guarantee.
他提供房子作为担保。
Money is no guarantee of happiness.
金钱并非幸福的保证。
The best guarantee of peace is preparedness for war.
和平的最佳保证是备战。
There is no guarantee that it will work.
没有保证说它会奏效。
vt.
guarantee a person’s debt为某人的债务担保
This refrigerator is guaranteed for five years.
这个冰箱保用5年。
He guaranteed this machine to work for five years.
他保证此机器可运转5年。
用法归纳
*guarantee作名词和及物动词，主要义项有：保证，担保；作为担保之物；断言，证实。
●重点短语
1.in turn
例句集锦
My wife and I caught flu in turn.
我太太和我相继感冒。
The students called out their names in turn.
学生们依次报出自己的名字。
He asked each of us in turn to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.
他要我们每个人依次描述一下酒是如何影响自己生活的。
相关归纳
（1）by turns交替的，轮流的，依次地
That evening he was silly,witty,and mournful by turns.
那天晚上他先是傻乎乎的，然后变得妙趣横生，最后又悲从心来。
We droved by turns.
我们轮流开车。
It snowed and blew by turns
风雪交互袭来。
（2）take one’s turn轮流
We all took our turns rowing.
我们大家轮流划船。
（3）take turns 又作 take it in turn
You’ll have to take turns being captain of the team.
你们得轮流当球队队长。
特别提示
以上词组均表示“依次、轮流”。但用法稍有区别，in turn主要意为依次地，by turns表示的内容可重复进行，均为介词短语，而take one’s turn和take turns为动词短语。另外，take turn及take one’s turn常需跟介词（at/in）+ doing sth.。
2.have effect on
例句集锦
The accident had（produced）a good（bad）effect on her.
那件事对她有（产生）良好的（坏的）影响。
It will have an indirect effect on them.
那对他们将有间接影响。
My advice didn’t have much effect on him.
我的劝告对他没有什么效果。
相关归纳
（1）come（go）into effect 生效
The law came into effect on October 1.
那项法律将在10月1日生效。
（2）bring/carry/put...into effect实行；实施
These measures will not be brought into effect until next month.
这些措施要到下个月才实施。
特别提示
名词effect在固定词组中一般不加冠词。
3.every now and then/again=every so often
例句集锦
I still see her every now and then.
我时常能看见她。
I like to go to the movies now and then.
我喜欢偶尔去看电影。
Every now and then there is a quarrel.
不时会有争吵。
相关归纳
now... now（then）...时而……时而……
It was now sunny,now（then）rainy.
天气时晴时雨。
The eagle glided through the sky,now rising,now swooping.
鹰在天空中翱翔，时而向上急冲，时而向下猛扑。
4．on sale
例句集锦
Our products are on sale at any supermarket.
我们的产品各超级市场都在出售。
Stephen King’s new novel will go on sale next week.
斯帝芬·金的新小说将于下星期发售。
I could only afford to buy the CD player because it was on sale.
只有大减价时我才买得起这台CD播放器。
The supermarket has pork on sale today.
那家超市今天的猪肉特价。
These ten-dollar shirts are now on sale for five.
这些10美元的衬衫现在特价5美元。
相关归纳
for sale（尤指个人的）出售；待售
The hotel is up for sale.
那家旅馆要出售。
not for sale（告示）非卖品
Excuse me,are these for sale
请问，这些是准备出售的吗？
There was a for sale sign in the yard.
院子里写着“待售”字样的牌子。
特别提示
on sale指在商店等待出售，上市；而for sale尤指个人的出售。
●必背句型
1.虚拟条件句中省略if的用法
教材原句
Should you have enough energy left after a day on the slopes,you can take a dip in the pool,work out at the gym or go dancing in one of the city’s many hotels and clubs.
经过一天的滑雪，如果你还有足够的精力的话，那么你可以去水池里游一游，或是……
特别提示
注意在虚拟条件句中若省略if,那么其余成分要部分倒装，即将were,had或should移至句首。
补充例句
（1）Were I you（=If I were you）,I would take the job.
如果我是你的话，我就接受那份工作。
（2）Were it not for the sun（=If it were not for the sun）,nothing could exist on the earth.
如果没有太阳，世界上将什么都不存在。
（3）Had they not helped us（=If they had not helped us）,we wouldn’t have succeeded.
如果没有他的帮助，我们就不会成功。
（4）Should it rain tomorrow（=If it should tomorrow）,what would you do
如果明天下雨，你们怎么办？
（5）Should the teacher come,she could answer all the questions.
老师如果来的话，她会回答所有的问题。
特别提示
此句型一般多用于书面语；条件从句没有were,had 或should等助动词时，不能通过添加did的方式构成倒装。
2.see的一个特殊用法
教材原句
The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr. King was shot to death in 1968.
在20世纪60年代，这座城市目睹了一系列的黑人与白人之间的激战和在1968年金先生枪杀。
特别提示
动词see可以以地点或时间作主语，表示某地或某时“经历”“发生”“目睹”了某事。
（1）The year 1976 saw a disastrous earthquake in Tangshan.
1976年发生了唐山大地震。
（2）Dusk saw the little boy wandering in the street.
黄昏时发现这个小孩在街上行走。
（3）China saw a wild spread of SARS in the year 2003.
2003年中国大面积爆发了“非典”。
（4）The following year saw the death of both of her parents.
第二年她的父母双双离开了人间。
疑难突破
1.know,know about/of
know sth.与know about/of sth.的区别在于：know sth.表示直接“认识”或“知道”某事物；而know about sth.表示“得知，了解”有关某事物的情况，“某事物”不是直接知道或认识的对象。
应用
（1）While they are my neighbours,I do not ______them well.
（2）I don’t know him but I ______him.
（3）A teacher,above all,should ______how to deal with the problems taking place in class correctly.
（4）Nothing is______his early life in Holland.
（5）Do you ______anyone here who is able to speak several foreign languages
答案：（1）know （2）know of/about （3）know （4）known about （5）know of/about
2.sight,scenery,scene,view
sight表示“风景，名胜”，通常用复数形式，指人文景观；scene意为“景色，景象”，通常指某一处的自然风光；scenery是scene（“风景，景色”）的总称；view表示“景色，风景”时，侧重从观看者的角度一眼所看到的景色，是一种动态的“景色”。
应用
（1）Sunday will be kept free for you to enjoy the ______of one of the world’s most famous cities.
（2）The ______up at the lake is just breath-taking.
（3）The mountain ______is（=scenes are）typical of Scotland.
（4）The ______is cut off by the next building.
（5）From the top of the building,you can get a full ______of the city.
答案：（1） sights （2）scenes （3）scenery （4）view （5）view
3.choose,select,pick（out）,elect
choose与select有时可以通用，但select强调在比较广泛的范围内，从很多对象中经过斟酌、考虑，挑选出最合适、最满意的；强调客观的优劣。pick out 多用于口语，常常表示按照个人的喜好或要求进行选择。elect表示“选择，选举”，为正式用语。常指有意识地、按照一定的法律或规章制度，用投票或其他方式选择或选举出，通常后接复合宾语，其宾语补足语是被选举的职务。
应用
（1）There are many designs for us to ______.
（2）I have ______them because of the colors.
（3）If he ______to leave,let him do so.
（4）You may ______any two books listed here.
（5）It was in 1976 that John Adams was ______President.
（6）We ______him our monitor.
答案：（1）select （2）chosen （3）chooses （4）pick out （5）elected （6）elected
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，27）Alice returned from the manager’s office,______me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A.having told B.tells C.to tell D.telling
剖析：本题考查非谓语动词用法。分词作状语常用逗号和其他成分分开，而不定式则不用。
答案：D
【例2】 （2004年天津，31）—Who is the girl standing over there
—Well,if you ______know,her name is Mabel.
A.may B.can C.must D.shall
剖析：情态动词must表示“必须，一定要”，在此句中符合语境，如果你一定要知道的话，她名叫“Mabel”。
答案：C
【例3】 Prices of daily goods______through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying
剖析：分析句子成分可知，prices of daily goods是句子的主语，其谓语动词是后面的can be,而“______through a computer”只作定语，daily goods和buy是被动关系，因此应用过去分词作定语。
答案：B
PAGEUnit 19-Unit 20
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 merchant envy *scale *archaeology duke troublesome justice *curiosity masterpiece merciful *mercy murder decorate decoration gentle punishment unearth enemy bless immediately spear swear weakness order art efact anymore surgeon sword emperor greatness *sentence（v.） conflict *central judgment declare complex pin gentleman court *copper *tragedy clay arrow how cushion *weapon *pottery find（n.） technical roof *site climate mask spare warmlyaccompany triangle precious
词组 pay back as far as after all in the eyes of have mercy on tear up offer up dig up go down on one’s knees date back to in terms of
语法 1.直接引语和间接引语 2.it的用法
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.declare
例句集锦
vt.
（1）Peace was declared at last.
终于宣告了和平。
The colonies declared their independence from England.
这些殖民地宣告脱离英国而独立。
（2）She declared that she didn’t want to see him any more.
她声称再也不想见到他了。
（3）She declared herself（to be）innocent.
她声称自己是清白的。
The chairman declared the meeting open.
主席宣布会议开始。
vi.
（1）declare for/against赞成/反对
I declare for his opinion.
我赞成他的观点。
（2）declare war on/against...对……宣战
Terrorists declared war on the United States,and war is what they got.
（布什总统高论）恐怖分子向美国宣战，而他们得到的就是战争。
用法归纳
declare用作及物动词和不及物动词。含义为：宣布，宣告，声称。用作及物动词时的主要用法为：＋名词/从句/复合宾语。
2.immediately
例句集锦
adv.
We must act immediately.
我们必须立即行动。
conj.
You may leave immediately he comes.
他一来你就可以离开了。
用法归纳
immediately可用作副词和连词。主要有两个义项：立即、马上（=at once,without delay）;一……就……（=as soon as）。
特别提示
immediately用作连词时后接从句，另外，表示“一……就……”的句型还有：
the moment/the minute/the instant+ 从句
directly/instantly+ 从句
as soon as+ 从句
on/upon+n./v.-ing
No sooner had+ 主语＋过去分词＋than-从句
Hardly had+ 主语＋过去分词＋when-从句
3.order
例句集锦
v.
（1）The chairman ordered silence.
主席示意安静。
He ordered a glass of beer.
他要了一杯啤酒。
（2）The boss ordered the drunken man out.
老板命令醉汉出去。
（3）He ordered us to the front.
他命令我们到前线。
The policeman ordered him to stand up.
警察命令他站起来。
（4）The leader ordered that the work（should）be started at once.
领导命令马上开始工作。
n..
Everything in the room is in order.
屋里的一切都井井有条。
（5）He ordered his secretary to place an order for 100 books and arrange them in order of size.
他命令秘书订购100本书并把他们按大小顺序排列。
用法归纳
order 可用作名词和动词，主要义项有：命令，订购，订做，点菜；次序，顺序。用作动词时主要用法为：＋名词/ sb.to do sth./sth.to be done/sb.+adv./sb.+斜.prep.斜./that从句
特别提示
order后that从句中的谓语动词形式为“（should）+动词原形”。类似的词还有：demand,desire,insist,propose,request,require,suggest等。
4.decorate
例句集锦
v.
We decorated the Christmas tree with glass balls.
我们用玻璃球装饰圣诞树。
用法归纳
特别提示
decorate不接双宾语，而采用decorate...with sth.结构。
[误]Some pictures of pop stars were decorated on the wall.
[正]The wall was decorated with some pictures of pop stars.
5.term
例句集锦
n..
（1）The first term begins in September.
第一学期于9月份开始。
（2）a business term商业用语
（3）Speak in flattering terms.
用阿谀的言辞说。
（4）a four-year term=a term of four years
四年的任期
（5）On what terms are you willing to let us have this house
照什么条件你才肯让我们拥有这栋房子？
（6）In terms of money we’re quite rich,but not in terms of happiness.
从钱的角度说，我们可是很富有，但就幸福而言却不然。
The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage.
那些数字是以百分数表示的。
She referred to your picture in terms of high praise.
她对你的画赞赏有加。
用法归纳
term用作名词，主要义项有：学期；术语；术语专门用语；（用复数）形式，措辞，说法；期限，任期；条件。常用搭配为：in terms of 用……的话；以……的观点；……来说。
6.bow
例句集锦
v.&n.
The hunter first bowed to the head and then raised his bow,pulled back the cord and let the arrow fly.
这位猎手首先向这个首领鞠了一躬，然后举弓、拉弦、射箭。
用法归纳
bow用作名词和动词，主要义项有：鞠躬，屈服，点头；弓，弓形物。
特别提示
bow作为动词，意为“鞠躬，屈服”。作为名词，意为“弓，虹”。类似的词还有tear,wind,wound等。
7.accompany
例句集锦
v.
（1）accompanied him on the trip.
我同他一起去旅行。
（2）Strong winds accompanied the rain.
狂风伴着雨来。
（3）He accompanied me on the guitar.
他用吉他为我伴奏。
用法归纳
accompany用作动词，主要义项有：陪伴；伴随，和……一起发生；为……伴奏。
特别提示
accompany是动词，而company是名词（同伴，陪伴）。accompany准确含义为“陪同……去”（go with...）,本身已包含了go的含义，因而：
[误]He accompanied us to go to the park.
[正]He accompanied us to the park.
●重点短语
1.so/as far as
例句集锦
The golden rice fields stretch as far as the eyes can see.
金黄色的稻田一直延伸到远处。
We didn’t go as/so far as the others.
我们不像其他人走得那样远。
As far as I know,he is always telling lies.
据我所知，他总是说谎。
As far as he was concerned,things were going well.
就他来讲，一切进展得很顺利。
相关归纳
（1）so far 到现在为止（常用于含有完成时态的句子中）
So far no man has traveled farther than the moon.
到现在为止，没有人到过比月球更远的地方。
（2）far from远离，完全不
Far from being angry,he is delighted.
他非但没生气，反而很高兴。
（3）by far最;……得多
He is by far the wisest boy in the class.
他是班上最聪明的男孩。
（4）far away遥远的
The moon is far away from the earth.
月球离地球很远。
（5）far into the night 直到深夜
I often read far into the night.
我经常读书到深夜。
（6）Stand high and see far.
站得高，看得远。
2.after all
例句集锦
Why is he not allowed to stay here After all,it is his home.
他干吗不能呆在这儿？要知道，这是他的家。
Although they met with difficulties,I hear that they succeeded after all.
他们虽然遇上了困难，但我听说他们终于成功了。
Many people in Europe in the Middle Ages thought that Galileo was wrong,but he was right after all.
中世纪欧洲有许多人都认为伽利略是错误的，但他终究还是对的。
相关归纳
（1）at all 根本，丝毫（常用于否定句、条件句以加强语气）
I don’t know it at all.我毫不知情。
（2）in all总共，总计
There were fifty in all.
总共有五十个。
（3）of all（+复数名词）偏偏
He tried to rob on policeman of all people.
他偏偏要抢警察的钱。
（4）above all首先，首要地
As a student,above all,one should study hard at his lessons.
作为学生，首要的是应努力学习自己的功课。
（5）all in all从各方面说，总的说来
All in all,their financial condition is not bad.
总体说来，他们的经济状况并不坏。
All in all,you shouldn’t have scolded the boy at all,he is a child after all; above all,he made only two mistakes in all.
总的说来，你根本不该责备那男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子；更重要的是他总共才出了两处错。
3.have mercy on/upon
例句集锦
He had mercy on the defeated enemy.
他宽恕了被打败的敌人。
Have mercy on the poor sinner.
宽恕那个可怜的罪人吧。
相关归纳
（1）show mercy to sb./ sth.=have mercy on/upon sb./sth.
No mercy was shown to the prisoners.
对囚犯毫不宽恕。
（2）at the mercy of任由……摆布，在……掌握中
The ship was at the mercy of the waves.
船在浪涛中随波逐流。
（3）give mercy to sb.怜悯某人
We were given no mercy.
我们没得到宽恕。
（4）without mercy无情地
He was treated without mercy.
他受到无情地对待。
4.offer up
例句集锦
She offered up a prayer to God for her husband’s safe return.
她向上帝祷告，保佑她丈夫平安回来。
offer up a sacrifice作出牺牲；献祭
相关归纳
（1）offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.给某人提供某物
He offered me his seat.他主动让座给我。
（2）offer to do sth.主动干某事
The boys offered to help the old woman.
孩子们要帮助那位老妇人。
（3）offer some money for sth.出价多少买某物
We offered 1 000 dollars for the computer.
我们出价1 000美圆买这台电脑。
（4）offer sth.for some money出价多少卖某物
I offered him the house for thirty thousand yuan.
我以三万元的价格卖给他这所房子。
（5）offer/give sb.a lift让某人搭便车；帮助
He gave me a lift by lending me 100 dollars.
他借给我100美圆来帮助我。
5.date back to,date from
例句集锦
The Great Wall dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period.
长城始建于春秋时代。
In China,the needle treatment dates from ancient times.
在中国，针灸疗法起源于古代。
特别提示
date back to 也可写作date from,后常接过去时间，动词date用一般现在时，而且不用被动语态。
相关归纳
（1）bring...up to date 使……赶上时代；使……成为最新之物；给予（某人有关……的）最新消息/资料（on,about）
All the equipment has to be brought up to date.
所有装备必须予以更新。
Please bring me up to date on the fuel requirement.
请将最新燃料需求的资料提供给我。
（2）out of date过时的，旧式的
This encyclopedia has gone out of date.
这部百科全书已过时了。
（3）up to date迄今，直到现在；最新的，现代的
Our computer is up to date.
我们的电脑是最新式的。
（4）without date没有日期的；（美）无期限的
a letter without date一封没有日期的信
●必背句型
1.it用作形式主语的句型（1）
教材原句
It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.
想同夏洛克争论是没有用的。
特别提示
It’s useless/no use/no good+ doing sth.是一个主从复合句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是其后的v.-ing形式，意为“做某事没用/没好处”。
补充例句
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
It will be useless learning a theory without practice.
学习理论而不实践是没有用的。
2.it用作形式主语的句型（2）
教材原句
At first,it was thought that it was through war and armed conflict,but....
起初，据认为铁是由于战争和武器冲突才出现的。但……
特别提示
句中，it was thought+ that...,it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，第二个it指上文的“铁”（iron）。掌握句型：It is said/thought/believed...=People say/think/believe that...=Sb./Sth.is said/believed/thought to do....
补充例句
It is known to all that Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。
It’s hoped that China will become stronger and stronger,more and more beautiful.
希望中国越来越美丽、富强。
The Yellow River is said to be “the mother river”.It runs across China like a huge dragon.
据说黄河是“母亲之河”。它就像一条巨龙穿过中国。
It’s said that the book has been translated into English.
=People say that the book has been translated into English.
=The book is said to have been translated into English.
据说，这本书已被译成了英文。
3.it指时间的用法
教材原句
It was four o’clock in the afternoon when he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan,where....
当他和爷爷到达广汉博物馆时，时间已是下午4点了……
特别提示
此句是主从复合句。it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。又如：It was early morning when we got home.我们到家时，时间已是凌晨了。
Was it 1949 when our town was liberated
我们镇解放的时间是1949年吗？（it指时间，when在从句中作状语，不能由that充当）
Was it in 1949 that our town was liberated
我们镇是在1949年解放的吗（强调句型）
4.倍数表达法
教材原句
If you offered me six times what you have just offered,I would still take my pound of flesh.
即使你愿意给我六倍于你刚才提出的钱数，我也要得到我应得的一磅肉。
特别提示
英语中表示倍数的句式有：
倍数+as+形容词（副词）原级+as
倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+than
倍数+the+名词（size,weight,height,depth,
length,width等）+of...
形容词的比较级+than...+by+倍数
倍数＋what从句
用times表示倍数时，一般是限于表示三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍用twice或double,一倍则用once。
补充例句
（1）This square is three times as big as that one.
=This square is twice bigger than that one.
=This square is three times the size of that one.
=This square is bigger than that one by twice.
这个方块是那个的三倍大（大两倍）。
（2）He offered me six times what you have just offered.
他愿意给我六倍于你所提供的钱。
（3）Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
（4）The tower is twice the height of the building.
这塔是那栋楼房的两倍高。
（5）The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球的体积是月球的49倍。
5.so+adj.+ a/an+n.句型
教材原句
He is young,but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.
他很年轻但是我过去从来不知道有这么年轻又如此聪明的人。
如果形容词前有as,so,too,how时，a/an就放在形容词之后，其结构是：as/too/so/how+adj.+a/an+n.。
补充例句
（1）Did you notice that you had made so serious a mistake
你注意到你犯了一个如此严重的错误吗？
（2）How wonderful a plan it would be!
多好的计划啊！
（3）Russian is so difficult a language for us Chinese to learn.
俄语对我们中国人来说是很难学的一门语言。
（4）In my opinion,he is as good a doctor as I.
依我看，他和我一样，都是个好医生。
（5）It is too serious a matter.I can’t deal with it alone.
这个事情太严重了，我一个人处理不了。
疑难突破
1.lie,lay
原 形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词 义 用 法 搭 配
lie lied lied lying 说谎 vi./n. 说谎
lie lay lain lying 躺，位于 vi. 在于
lay laid laid laying 放置，下（蛋） vt. 放下，放弃
例如：Success lies in hard work.
成功在于勤奋。
Lies have short legs.
谎言总是站不住脚的。
Lu Xun laid down medicine and took up writing.
鲁迅弃医从文。
Many people laid down their lives for our country.
许多人为祖国献出了生命。
She laid herself down.=She lay down.
她躺下了。
应用
The boy ______in bed ______to us that the hen had ______two eggs,and he ______the eggs on the table.
答案：lying,lied,laid,laid
2.most,a most,the most
most前没有定冠词，不是最高级，而是副词原级，相当于very,意为“极，很，十分”。即：
most=very用来加强语气
a most=a very
the most+adj.为形容词的最高级形式，常用于有一定范围限制的情况
例如：The meeting proceeded in a most friendly atmosphere.
会议在极友好的气氛中进行。
It is most beautiful!
真是美极了！
应用
（1）This is ______interesting book but it is not ______interesting book I have ever read.
（2）We shall ______certainly come.
（3）You’re very helpful and ______kind.
答案：（1）most,the most （2）most （3）most
3.certain,sure 确信，有把握
相同点：① 都可接about/of,意思是“确信，对……有把握”，只能用人作主语。
Are you sure/certain of that
你对那件事有把握吗？
②都可接不定式，意思是“一定会……”，人或物均可作主语。
He is certain/sure to succeed.
他一定会成功。
The project is sure/certain to be a success.
这个计划一定会成功。
③后面跟连接词（疑问词，连词whether）+不定式结构，意思是“确定……”，只能用人作主语。
I’m not sure/certain what to do.
我不知道怎么办。
④都可跟从句，意思是“肯定……，确定……”，只能用人作主语。
I’m not sure/certain whether I’ve met him before.
我不能确定以前是否见过他。
不同点：sure不能用于“It is certain that...”句型。
It is certain that your team will win.
你们队肯定会赢。
应用
It’s quite ______that Dr Smith will be present at the meeting.
A.certain B.sure C.certainly D.surely
答案:A
4.clothing,clothes,cloth,dress
cloth指做衣服用的材料（布料、毛料、丝绸等），它是物质名词，不可数名词，没有复数形式，但cloth指“具体用的布”时，是可数名词。
He bought a piece of cloth and make a table cloth.
他买了块布料做了个桌布。
clothes指各种衣服，包括外套、西装、衬衣、裤子、裙子、鞋、帽等，不指单件衣服。它既不能用作单数，也不能和表示具体数目的数词连用。不能说：a clothes,six clothes,但可以说many（these,a few,my）clothes，作主语时，谓语用复数形式。
These clothes are new.
这些衣服都是新的。
clothing 是衣服、服装的总称，集体名词，只有单数形式，是区别于其他事物的抽象概念。作主语时，谓语用单数形式。如：food,clothing and shelter衣、食、住。
可以说an article of clothing（一件衣服），但不能说a suit of clothing,而要说a suit of clothes（一套衣服）。
A factory that makes children’s clothing.
一家生产童装的厂家。
Our clothing protects us from the cold.
衣服使我们免受寒冷。
dress指外面穿着的衣服，有修饰的意味。尤指女子的连衣裙及某种特殊场合下穿着的服装（礼服），这时dress是可数名词。
Oh,Pierre,how wonderful!But I haven’t got a dress to the ball!
啊，皮埃尔，太好了！可是我还没有参加舞会的衣服啊！
He doesn’t care much about dress.
他不太讲究衣着。
应用
（1）How much ______does it take to make a coat for the child
（2）One by one he took out the books and wiped them with a duster ______.
（3）All of her ______were made by her mother.
（4）He had to buy a good many ______.
（5）A coat is an article of ______.
（6）She looks pretty in her pink summer ______.
答案：（1）cloth （2）cloth （3）clothes （4）clothes （5）clothing （6）dress
5.despite,in spite of,though（although）
despite=in spite of 故不能再与of连用,
in spite of （despite）+名词＝though（although）+从句。例如：
We went out in spite of （despite）the rain.
=We went out though/although it was raining.
虽然下雨，我们还是出去了。
应用
（1）He is very active ______his age.
（2）______a thorough investigation,no trace of the murderer has been found.
（3）______he was poor,he was generous.
（4）______all efforts,he failed.
答案：（1）despite/in spite of （2）Despite/In spite of （3）Although/Though （4）Despite/In spite of
6.flesh,meat
flesh通常指人或动物身上的肉或果肉。
meat供食用的兽类的肉（区别于鱼或禽类的肉）。
注意：猪肉pork;牛肉beef;羊肉mutton;鹿肉venison;马肉horse meat;鸡肉chicken;鸭肉duck;鹅肉goose等。
应用
（1）The ______of the peach is sweet and juicy.
（2）Tigers are ______-eating animals.（老虎是肉食动物）
（3）He has put on ______.（他胖了）
（4）I like ______while my sister likes fish.
答案：（1）flesh （2）meat （3）flesh （4）meat
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年上海高考题）Why I have nothing to confess.______you want me to say
A.What is it that B.What it is that C.How is it that D.How it is that
剖析：考查强调句。
答案：A
【例2】 （2004年全国卷Ⅰ，27）I like ______in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A.this B.that C.it D.one
剖析：“it”是代词，作宾语，代替后面的句子“when the weather is clear and bright”。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年北京，24）The Foreign Ministersaid， “______our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A.This is B.There is C.That is D.It is
剖析：考查的是“It is+n.+ that从句”
答案：D
【例4】（2004年湖北，24）It was ______back home after the experiment.
A.not until midnight did he go
B.until midnight that he didn’t go
C.not until midnight that he went
D.until midnight when he didn’t go
剖析：这是一个强调句，对not until midnight进行强调，要用that连接。
答案：C
【例5】（2004年福建，26）I’d like to buy a house
—modern,comfortable,and ______in a quiet neighbour-hood.
A.in all B.above all C.after all D.at all
剖析：above all首要，最重要的是；in all总计；after all毕竟；at all根本，全然。
答案：B
【例6】（2004年上海，52）In dealing with public relations,we should make every effort to prevent the ______in personality.
A.contact B.contrast C.connection D.conflict
剖析：contact 和connection是同义词，“联系”；contrast “对比”；conflict “冲突”。
答案：D
PAGEUnit 17-Unit 18
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 disability ability fair guidance gifted assist sympathy encouragement *visual impair disappointing adjust *ceremony sense victory *dignity shameful participate self-confidence public accessible presentation environmentally heel vest backwards reappear *patent officer petrol *automatically thinker background reject possibility otherwise attempt deepen connection unreasonable *application respected uninspired rider storage glue
词组 get around adjust to get used to be tired of allow for get stuck break away from be aware of trial and error
语法 构词法
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.assist
例句集锦
vt.
He often assists me financially.
他常在经济上帮助我。
Good glasses assist your eyes.
好眼镜有助于你的眼睛。
She assisted her sister with her lesson.
她帮助妹妹做功课。
vi.
She assisted in doing his homework.
她帮他做功课。
He will assist with the tuition fees.
他愿意帮助付学费。
n.
The girl finished her homework without an assist from her mother.
那个女孩没有母亲协助就做完了她的功课。
用法归纳
*assist有如下用法：（1）＋宾语；（2）＋宾语＋介词＋（代）名词；（3）＋宾语＋副词（短语）；（4）＋宾语＋to do。
特别提示
用作不及物动词时常与介词in和with搭配。
2.impair
例句集锦
vt.
Poor food impaired his health.
营养不足的食物损害了他的健康。
Don’t boil the sauce as this and impair the flavor.
酱汁还要煮沸，否则会影响味道。
adj. impaired 受损的；变差的
TV reception may be impaired in some areas.
某些地区电视的接收效果可能会受到影响。
3．adjust
例句集锦
vt.
He adjusted his tie in a mirror.
他照镜子调整领带。
Can you adjust colour on a TV
你会调整电视的色彩吗？
adjust a radio 调节收音机
He adjusted the telescope to his eye.
他调好望远镜以适合眼睛观看。
She adjusted the seat to the height of her child.
她调节座椅以适合她孩子的身高。
vi.
He soon adjusted to school life.
他不久就适应了学校生活。
The body quickly adjusts itself to changes of（in）temperature.
身体能很快地自行调节以适应温度的变化。
You must adjust yourself to new circumstances.
你必须使自己适应新环境。
用法归纳
*adjust作及物动词用法：（1）+宾语；（2）+宾语+to+代（名）词，意为“调节、调整；使适合或便于使用；调停（歧见、争端）”。
特别提示
用作不及物动词时，常跟介词to搭配。
4．sense
例句集锦
（1）官能、感觉
He has a poor sense of smell.
他嗅觉极差。
We all have the five senses.
我们都有五种官能。
I’ll probably get lost—I haven’t got a very good sense of direction.
我可能会迷路——我的方向感不太好。
（2）make sense 有意义
Read this and tell me if it makes sense.
读读这篇东西，告诉我它的意思是否明确。
It just doesn’t make sense － why would she do a thing like that
这真是无法解释——她为什么会做出这样的事情？
It makes sense to save money while you can.
能省钱时就节省，这是明智的。
（3）sense of rhythm/timing节奏感/时机感
I like Michelle—she’s got a really good sense of humor.
我喜欢米歇尔——她很有幽默感。
固定搭配：in no sense 决不（用于强调）
in a very real sense确定地、毫无疑问地
In a very real sense,we can say that education is the most vital of all resources.
毫无疑问，我们可以说在所有资源中教育是最重要的。
in a sense/in one sense/in some senses 在某种意义上
用法归纳
*sense可用作名词，主要义项有：感觉;有意义；看见、嗅到、触摸等。
特别提示
make sense有意义，名词sense前不用冠词，但sense表示“……感”时，其前常用形容词或冠词。
5.*involve
例句集锦
vt.
What will the job involve
这份工作包括什么？
I didn’t know/realize putting on a play involved so much work.
我没有想到演出一场戏需要做这么多工作。
Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance.
每天我们每个人作出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。
These changes will involve everyone on the staff.
这些变革将会影响到我们每个人。
Try to involve as many children as possible in the game.
尽量多让些孩子参与游戏。
More than 30 software firms were involved in the project.
30多家软件公司参与了这个项目。
用法归纳
*involve可用作及物动词或不及物动词。主要义项有：包含（必要的部分或结果），需要，包括；涉及、影响；要求/允许（某人）参与；参与某项活动，与某项活动有关联的。
特别提示
involved 词性已转化为形容词在句中作表语。
6.attempt
例句集锦
n.
He made one last attempt at the world record.
他为破世界记录作了最后一次努力。
They made no attempt at escaping.
他们没有试图逃走。
Zhang Jian made an attempt to swim across the English Channel.
张健试图游过英吉利海峡。
They decreased their production in an attempt to push the prices.
他们减少生产量，以试图抬高价格。
vt.
They attempted a surprise attack.
他们企图偷袭。
The prisoners attempted to escape,but failed.
那些囚犯试图逃走，但失败了。
He attempted breaking the world record.
他试图打破世界纪录。
用法归纳
*attempt 可用作名词和及物动词，意为：努力、尝试、企图、未遂行为； 尝试；试图；试图征服（危险的山、海等）。
特别提示
attempt 用作及物动词表示“试图；企图”时，常含结果失败之意。
●重点短语
1.get/be/come used to
例句集锦
I’m sure I’ll get used to the hard work.
我肯定会习惯艰苦的工作。
I haven’t got used to getting up so early.
我不习惯于起这么早。
After a month she got/become used to English food.
一个月后，她变得习惯于（吃）英国食品。
相关归纳
（1）used to 过去常常
I used to smoke a pipe.
我从前常抽烟斗。
I used to think I’d like to be an astronaut.
我从前想当宇航员。
It used to be believed that the earth was flat.
以前的人相信地球是平的。
（2）be used to 还可表示“被用来”,used动词use的被动形式。
Bamboo is used to make paper.
竹子被用来造纸。
特别提示
be used to doing用法与get used to doing相同，只不过be used to 表示状态，而get used to 表示动作或状态的转变。
2.allow for
例句集锦
The journey usually takes 3 weeks,but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.
这趟旅行通常需时三周，但是你应该考虑到恶劣天气所造成的延误。
His inexperience should be allowed for.
他的无经验被考虑在内。
Allowing for inflation,the cost of the project is $2 million.
考虑到通货膨胀的因素，这个项目的费用为200万美元。
相关归纳
considering（介词）考虑到；鉴于
Considering the strength of the opposition,we did very well to score two goals.
考虑到对方实力强大，我们进了两个球就很不错了。
John did quite well considering how little he studied.
考虑到约翰才学了那么一点点，他考得已算很不错了。
特别提示
allow for 为动词词组，而considering词性为介词。
3.be aware of
例句集锦
I’m well（quite）aware of the risk.
我深知那项风险。
She was/became aware of the danger.
她（终于）觉察到危险。
He was aware that he had drunk too much.
他晓得他喝了太多（酒）。
Few of them were aware（of）what a hypocrite he really was.
他们之中很少人知道他实际上是个什么样的伪君子。
Are you aware（of）how much this means to me
你晓得这对我有多大意义吗？
特别提示
作介词“of”宾语的可数名词、that从句及wh-从句，在接从句时，of常可省略。
●必背句型
1.while 引导的让步状语从句
教材原句
While I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do.
尽管我可能走不了路，但我能做许多其他的了不起的事情。
特别提示
while 可用于表示让步、对照，意为“然而，但是，虽然”。
（1）That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.
那个地区自然资源丰富，这个地区却一点也没有。
（2）While I have some sympathy for them, I don’t think they are right.
虽然我对他们有些同情，我却不认为他们是对的。
（3）While she is a likeable girl she can be extremely difficult to work with.
她虽然是一个可爱的姑娘，但有时很难与她共事。
特别提示
可用于这种表示让步关系的连词还有although,though,when等。注意：when引导的让步状语从句，常置于主句之后。
补充例句
（1）They kept digging when they must have known there was no hope.
他们明知没有希望，但还是在不停地挖。
（2）He works when he might retire.
虽然可以退休，他还是工作。
2.“与其说……倒不如……；不只是”的表示法
教材原句
They need recognition, more than sympathy and help.
与其说他们需要同情与帮助，倒不如说他们需要承认。
补充例句
（1）It’s her manner I dislike, more than what she actually says.
我讨厌的倒不是她实际上说些什么，而是她的态度。
（2）She cares far more for her dogs than she does for me.
她关心狗远远胜过关心我。
（3）Chinese is more than a language.
中文不仅仅是一种语言。
*rather than也表此意
（1）He is a politician rather than a statesman.
说他是政治家，不如说他是政客。
（2）It is hot rather than warm.
与其说天气暖和，不如说是热。
（3）I would prefer to stay home rather than go out.
我宁愿留在家里也不愿出去。
疑难突破
1.accept...as;recognize...as;treat...as...;think of...as...
accept...as...接受或认可（某种演说、说明等）；忍受
recognize ...as公认……
treat ... as ... 把……当作……
think of...as...认为……是……（普通用语）
应用
（1）We now______the car as being essential rather than a luxury.
（2）Immediately after her death,Qiu in was______as a heroine.
（3）You may______the report as true/a fact.
（4）Lawrence’s novel was eventually______as a work of genius.
（5）We have to______things as they are.
（6）He______my words as a joke.
答案：（1）think of （2）recognized （3）accept （4）recognized （5）accept
（6）treated 或thought of
2.get,gain,win,earn
get是最普遍的词，在非正式场合可以替代几乎所有的其他动词。
gain暗示目的物需要努力奋斗才能得到，强调获得的过程。
win指在竞争、战争、比赛中获胜，并可能由此得到奖赏。
earn通常用于与金钱、报酬、谋生相关的场合，而且含有这些报酬是应得的意思，暗示获得物与所花的气力是相互成比例的。
应用
（1）I sat in the front of the bus to ______a good view of the countryside.
（2）She______experience while working for the newspaper.
（3）Who is going to ______the elections
（4）She ______￡1 000 a month.
答案：（1）get （2）gained （3）win （4）earns
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全国卷Ⅱ,27）______you call me to say you’re not coming,I’ll see you at the theatre.
A.Though B.Whether C.Until D.Unless
剖析：从上下文的意思看，从句中需要表示否定含义的引导词，unless在意思上相当于if not,因此选D。
答案：D
【例2】 （2004年浙江,35）Anyway,that evening,______I’ll tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A.when B.where C.what D.which
剖析：本题考查非限制性定语从句的用法。本句中的先行词为that evening;关系词在从句中作介词about的宾语。
答案：D
PAGE高中第二册（上）
Unit 1-Unit 2
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 *undertake *obvious within agriculture *gravity curious branch *debate promising graduate incurable *engage research *wheelchair *theory disable seek misunderstand scientific *observe observation match unhappiness *microscope *telescope heaven *intelligent patient experiment *media *reliable *editor reason *elect *injure *headline informed inform relate *talent *talented *switch present effort spiritual seldom social attention *critical *source affair telegram *locate *retire complete *overseas *bore *attitude disappoint guard *responsible *troublemaker *caring citizen polluter arm comparison
词组 work on go by *be /get engaged to sb. go on with dream of turn out use up be satisfied with take a look at what if the other way around go up burn down relate（...）to for once even if draw attention to on all sides
change one’s mind current affairs look up to fall in love with...
语法 动词不定式 过去分词
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.promise
例句集锦
n.
（1）I gave her my promise and I will keep it.
我答应了她就会遵守诺言。
I am under no promise to help him.
我没有允诺要帮助他。
He made a promise that he would give up smoking.
他许下诺言要戒烟。
（2）He showed considerable promise as a tennis player.
他显示相当有希望成为网球选手。
The weather gave promise of warmth.
天气有希望变暖和。
v.
（1）She promised me her help.
她答应给我帮助。
She promised not to tell anyone.
她答应不告诉任何人。
I promised him to be there at noon.
我答应他中午到达那里。
They promised（us）that the work should be done next week.
他们答应（我们）那件工作在下星期做好。
（2）The clear sky promises fine weather.
无云的天空预示着晴天。
His childhood did not seem to promise much.
他的童年时代似乎并未显出有多大前途。
It promises to be fine tomorrow.
明天可望天晴。
（3）I can’t promise,but I’ll do my best.
我无法答应，不过我会尽力而为。
—Alice is not coming tonight.
爱丽丝今晚不来。
—But she promised!但她答应了！
（4）She promises well as a singer.
她很有希望当歌星。
（5）Jack is a promising youth.
杰克是有前途的青年。
The weather is promising.
天气可望转好。
用法归纳
*promise 可用作名词和动词。主要义项有：诺言；约定；前途；希望；答应；允诺；有（……）希望；预示；可望。用作及物动词时，其搭配形式为：+名词；+双宾；+不定式；+that 从句。
特别提示
在promise somebody to do something 结构中，不定式to do something 作直接宾语，该动作是由主语发出的，而不是作宾补。
2.observe
例句集锦
v.
（1）An astronomer observes the stars.
天文学家观察星辰。
Please observe how I do this.
请注意看我是怎么做的。
（2）I observed a glimmer in the dark.
我看到黑暗中的微光。
I observed him enter the bank.
我看到他进入了那家银行。
（被动式要用不定式：He was observed to enter the bank.）
I observed a stranger entering the house.
我看到一个陌生人进入该屋。
He observed that it looked like rain.
他注意到似乎要下雨了。
（3）observe the speed limit 遵守速度限制
observe silence 信守沉默，保持安静
（4）“It may rain,”he observed.
“可能会下雨，”他说。
She observed that he looked unhappy.
她说他看起来不快乐。
（5）observe closely 注意看
（6）No one observed on the matter.
没有人评论那件事。
n. observation
He made observations of the customs of the natives.
他观察了当地人的习俗。
They were under observation by the police.
他们受到警察监视。
用法归纳
*observe 可用作动词（vi.＆vt.），主要义项有：观察；监视；认识；注意到；遵守；庆祝；说；评论。
作及物动词时，主要搭配形式为：+名词；+从句；+不定式、分词的复合宾语。
特别提示
observe 后跟不带to 的不定式作宾补，但把此结构变为被动语态时要跟带to 的不定式。
3.present
例句集锦
adj.
（1）Those present were all college students.
出席者全为大学生。
Only a few students were present at the party.
只有少数学生出现在那个聚会。
（2）at the present time [day] 现在，现今
The present chairperson is a woman.
现在的主席是一名妇女。
n.
（1）for the present 目前；暂且
up to the present 到现在为止；到目前
（2）I gave her a dictionary as a birthday present.
我给她一本词典作为生日礼物。
We made a present of a vase to him.
我们将一个花瓶赠送给他。
v.
（1）He presented a gold watch to me.
（=He presented me with a golden watch.）
他送给我一只金表。
The waiter presented the bill to me.
（=The waiter presented me with the bill.）
侍者把账单交给我。
（2）present one’s best respects to a person向某人问候
Present my greetings to Mr Jones.
请代我向琼斯先生问候。
（3）May I present Mr Jones（to you）
请让我介绍琼斯先生给你好吗？
（4）He presented himself at my office.
他出现在我的办公室。
She presented herself in court.
她出庭。
A good opportunity has presented itself.
一个好机会出现了。
A wonderful idea presented itself to him[in his mind].
一个妙主意浮现在他的心头。
（5）This task presents no difficulty to me.
（=This task presents me with no difficulty.）
这件工作对我而言没有困难。
（6）She presented a happy appearance.
她显出愉快的样子。
She presented a smiling face to us.
她以笑脸对我们。
用法归纳
*present 可用作形容词、名词、动词。主要义项有：在场的；此刻的；现在；礼物；给；提出；表达；介绍；出现；浮现；提供；表现；显示。主要搭配形式为：present sth.to sb.;present sb.with sth.
特别提示
present 是个很活跃的词，词性、词义比较多，要熟记其用法。
●重点短语
1.go by
例句集锦
Years have gone by.许多年过去了。
He was not in when I went by.
我拜访的时候，他不在家。
You can’t go by what he says.
你不能相信他的话。
He goes by the name of Carl.他名叫卡尔。
相关归纳
（1）go down 下降，下跌；沉没
She went down by elevator.她乘电梯下去。
Prices are going down.物价正在下跌。
The ship went down into the sea.
那艘船沉到海中。
（2）go off 发射；爆炸；变坏；入寝；进展；聚会；熄灭；中断
Go off（with a）bang. 砰一声爆炸了。
The gun went off by accident.
那支枪意外走火了。
This food has gone off.这食物坏掉了。
The child has gone off（to sleep）.
那个孩子睡着了。
The party went off well.
聚会进行得很顺利。
The power has gone off.电力中断了。
（3）go on 继续；发生
He went on with the work.他继续工作。
He went on writing.他继续写。
How’s the work going on
工作进行得怎么样？
What’s going on 发生什么事了？
（4）go up 上升；上涨；爆炸；焚毁； 攀登
The temperature is going up.温度上升。
go up in flames 燃烧起来；毁于大火
She went up the ladder.她登上扶梯。
2.turn out
例句集锦
The night turned out cold and rainy.
那个晚上结果是寒冷且下雨。
How did things turn out 事情结果怎么样？
The plan turns out well.
那项计划结果很圆满。
He turned out（to be）a spy.
他竟然是一名间谍。
It turns out that she has never been married.
结果是她根本没结过婚。
相关归纳
（1）turn in 上交；归还
He has turned in his homework.
他已交上了家庭作业。
You must turn in the key when you leave the hotel.
你离开旅馆时一定要归还钥匙。
（2）turn down 折叠；扭小；放低；拒绝
He turned down the corner of the page to show where he had gone to.
他把那一页折个角，以示读到什么地方。
Please turn down the radio.
请把收音机的音量关小。
They turned down his application for the job.
他们拒绝了他的求职申请。
（3）turn up将……开大；出现
Please turn up the radio a bit.
请把收音机的音量开大一点。
He turned up at the last moment.
他在最后一刻才出现。
3.for once
例句集锦
I wish for once in my life to visit Paris.
我盼望一生中至少有一次去访问巴黎。
For once,he was late for class again.
这一次，他又迟到了。
For once,Mr Brown was asking for support.
只有这一次，布朗先生开口求人了。
相关归纳
（1）for this/that once只这/那一次，就这/那一回
I’ll forgive you for this once.我只原谅你这一次。
（2）at once 马上；立刻；同时
Tell her to come at once.叫她马上来。
I can’t do two things at once.我不能同时做两件事。
（3）all at once 突然，忽然；同时；一同
All at once the door opened.门突然开了。
They spoke all at once.他们同时说话。
4.look up to ...尊敬；尊重；崇敬；赞颂；赞赏
例句集锦
They all looked up to her.他们都尊敬她。
We all look up to him as our leader.我们都尊他为我们的领袖。
相关归纳
（1）look down on/upon 往下看；轻视，瞧不起
You may be able to look down upon the woods you have just passed through.
也许你能够俯瞰你刚刚经过的树林。
Don’t look down upon this kind of work.
别瞧不起这种工作。
They used to be looked down on.
他们以往一向是被人瞧不起的。
（2）look forward to 期待，盼望
I’m looking forward to her arrival.
我正在期待她的来临。
I’m looking forward to seeing you.
我盼望见到你。
（3）look out for 当心，留意；寻找
We must look out for snakes.我们必须当心蛇。
She looked out for him in the park.
她在公园里找他。
●必背句型
1.There is no point in doing sth.
表示“做某事没有作用或没有意义”。
教材原句
There didn’t seem much point in working on my PhD.I did not expect to survive that long.
取得博士学位对我来说没有什么意义，我也没有期望活那么久。
补充例句
（1）There seems to be no point in arguing further.
继续争执下去似乎没有什么意义。
（2）There is very little point in cheating in the exam.
考试作弊没有什么用处。
（3）There’s no point in arguing with him.
跟他争辩没有用处。
2.nor以及only 引起主谓倒装
教材原句
（1）Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of.
他也不让疾病阻止他过一下梦想的生活。
（2）Everyone has his or her special skills and interests,and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference.
每个人都有自己的专长和兴趣，只有发现自己的专长，我们才能期望达到自己的目标，真正与众不同。
特别提示
nor作否定副词且位于句首时，才能引起主谓倒装；only只有在位于句首且修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，才能引起主谓倒装。
补充例句
（1）Li Fen can’t skate,nor can my sister.
李芬不会滑冰，我妹妹也不会。
（2）（2004年重庆,34） I failed in the final examination last term and only then did I realize the importance of studies.
上学期期终考试我没有及格，只有那时我才意识到学习的重要性。
（3）Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有这样，我们才能学好英语。
（4）Only when he arrived did we feel calm.
只有他来了，我们才能安心。
疑难突破
1.injure,hurt,wound,damage,harm
五个都有“伤害”“受伤”“损伤”之意。injure指意外伤害（人或动物的身体、健康、外表、感情、名声等）；hurt指肉体上的伤害或精神上比较轻微的损伤；wound 尤指以武器或凶器等造成外伤；damage 多指损害非生物的价值或功能；harm 尤指给予重大的损伤或剧烈的痛苦。
应用
（1）He ______ my hand by twisting it.
（2）The shell ______ him in the head.
（3）In the railroad accident 300 people were ______.
（4）I was rather ______ by what they said about me.
（5）The storm ______ hundreds of houses.
（6）The news ______ her reputation.
答案：（1）hurt （2）wounded （3）injured （4）hurt （5）damaged （6）harmed
2.use up，give out,run out,run out of
这四个短语都有“用完，用光，耗尽，用尽”之意，但用法不同。use up 为及物动词短语；give out 为不及物动词短语，除指“（贮存物、供应品）耗尽”外，还可指“（耐心、力气等）耗尽”。run out 同give out。而run out of 为及物动词短语，常以人作主语，意为“耗尽，用光（贮存物、供应品等）”。
应用
（1）Our money is ______.
（2）I have almost ______ my money.
（3）My money has almost ______.
（4）The soldiers had ______ all their supplies.
（5）His patience ______.
答案：（1）running out/giving out （2）run out of/used up （3）run out/given out （4）used up/ran out of （5）gave out/ran out
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年福建，27）The news reporters hurried to the airport,only ______ the film stars had left.
A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told
剖析：only 加不定式表结果，而这种结果常与主观愿望相差很远，to be told 是不定式的被动式。
答案：B
【例2】 （2004年上海，33）The bird flu is believed ______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused
剖析：根据flu 和介词by 可知应该用被动语态，所以排除A和D项；再根据is believed,可知C为最佳选项。因为，sth. is believed/considered/thought to be/as sth.是英语中的一种常见句式。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年全国,28）Sarah,hurry up.I’m afraid you won’t have time to ______ before the party.
A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change
剖析：“get+过去分词”是常见的一种表达方式。又如：get drunk 喝醉；get hurt 受伤；get paid 领工资。get changed这里的意思是“换衣服”。在特定的情景中把握词汇的特定意义（情景意义）是高考的考查重点之一。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年上海,35）The disc,digitally ______ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded
剖析：根据disc 和record 之间的逻辑关系，可知应用被动式，所以排除B和D项；再根据不定式表示将来，排除C,所以应该选A，表示disc 和record之间是被动完成的关系。
答案：A