module 3 unit 1 festivals around the world 单元教案[上学期]
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| 名称 | module 3 unit 1 festivals around the world 单元教案[上学期] |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2007-03-13 23:40:00 | ||
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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world
Ｉ. Teaching goals
▲ Talk about festivals and celebrations▲ Talk about the ways to express request and thanks▲ Learn to use Modal verbs▲ Write a similar story with a different ending
II. Functional items
功 能 句 式 Talk about festivals:*Festivals are meant to celebrate important events.*What’s your favorite holiday of the year *What festivals or celebrations do you enjoy in your city or town *Do you like spending festivals with your family or with your friends *What part of a festival do you like best——the music, the things to see, the visit or the food *Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere.*They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.*Some festivals are held to honor the dead or satisfy and please the ancestors.*Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or the gods.*The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.*Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.Request:Could/Would you please... Could I have ... Could we look at... I look forward to .... May I see... ThanksIt’s very kind of you ... Thank you very much/Thanks a lot.I’d love to. It was a pleasure...Don’t mention it. You are most welcome.
词 汇 1. 四会词汇starve, plenty, satisfy, ancestor, lamp, lead, feast, bone, origin, trick, poet, arrival, national, gain, independence, gather, agricultural, European, custom, award, award, watermelon, handsome, rooster, admire, energetic, forward, Easter, clothing, religious, social, Christian, daily, permission, possibility, fool, apologize, drown, sadness, obvious, wipe, lovely, couple, weep, announcer, forgive 2. 认读词汇Obon, incense, skull, Halloween, carnival, lunar, parade, Jesus, cherry, blossom, Trinidad, Valentine, weave, herd, the Milky Way, magpie3. 固定词组take place, in memory of, dress up, play a trick, look forward to, day and night, as though, have fun with, turn up, keep one’s word, hold one’s breath4. 重点词汇starve, satisfy, lead, gather, admire, apologize, drown, wipe, weep, forgive
语法 Modal verbs: may/ might, can/ could, will/ would, shall/should, must/ can ▲ They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. P1▲ Some festivals are held to honor the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. P2▲ Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or the gods.
重 点句子 1. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and one that people do at that time. P12. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. P13. Some festivals are held to honor the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. P24. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors to earth. P25. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. P26. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. P27. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds. P28. The teacher said that we could not leave early.(permission) P59. The hunters are lost. They could starve.(possibility) P510. It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. P711. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. P712. "I don’t want them to remind me of her." So he did. P7
III. 教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元以节日为话题，介绍古今中外节日的种类、由来、意义以及人们的活动和习俗，旨在通过本单元的学习使学生不但了解我国的节日，而且对外国的节日也有所了解，进而拓展社会文化背景、增加跨国文化知识；使学生复习和巩固运用请求和感谢的表达法，掌握情态动词的用法；并尝试根据阅读的文章写一个不同的结局，能表达自己的观点和想法。
1.1 Warming Up 旨在通过表格引导学生讨论并列举出五个我国节日的日期、庆祝内容和民俗。可以刚刚过去的春节为话题导入对节日的讨论；使他们由自己的经历谈起，扩展到别的节日以及外国的重要节日，激发学生的兴趣，激活他们关于节日的背景知识，为本单元的学习做准备。
1.2 Pre-reading是Reading 的热身活动。主要通过两个问题引导学生思考并讨论自己最喜欢的节日及欢度方式，进而了解学生对节日的认识，以便为阅读作好铺垫。
1.3 Reading 的五篇小短文分别介绍古代节日、亡灵节、纪念名人的节日、丰收节、春天的节日等，使学生了解各种节日的由来及其存在的意义。此部分载有Festivals的重要信息，还呈现了大量的词汇和主要的语法---情态动词的用法。处理时应作为重点、整体处理，通过上下文来教词汇、语法，并引导学生分析长句、难句和复杂句。
1.4 Comprehending是考察对阅读内容的进一步理解。
练习一：六个问题让学生对文章内容有浅层理解并考察课文细节，但又不能仅仅拘泥于课文，要引导学生理解课文内容的基础上联系现实生活。
练习二：要求学生讨论哪些节日是最重要的，哪些是最有趣的，以表格的形式检查学生对所读节日的理解，并训练他们举一反三的归纳和推理能力。
练习三：要求学生找出各种节日共有的三件事，然后讨论为什么这些事对各地的人们都很重要。这就要求学生不仅要温习文章内容而且要结合实际，阐述自己的想法，挖掘学生的思维能力和语言表达能力。
1.5 Learning about Language 分词汇和语法两部分。其中Discovering useful words and expressions是本单元单词的英文释义练习和用文章中的词汇的适当形式填空；Discovering useful structures 是以文章内容为载体在语境中练习语法，掌握情态动词。由此可以看出本教材已明显地由结构为特征的传统语法训练转变到以交际功能为特征的功能语法训练，充分体现了新教材话题、功能、结构相结合的特点。
1.6 Using Language 是英语听说读写的全面运用的练习。
1.6 ① Listening 是课文的延伸，通过听几位学生参加Trinidad Carnival 节日游行的两段对话，使学生体会参加节日游行的真实情景，既训练听力一通过问题训练了他们的分析能力。
1.6 ② Speaking 分为两部分。第一部分通过电话突出交际用语功能的训练；第一部分让学生编对话，可以按自己的想象、经历为内容，训练思维和表达能力。
1.6 ③ Reading 是发生在情人节的一个令人伤心的爱情故事，其中又插入了一个“七巧节”的故事。阅读后的讨论不仅帮助学生理解文章主旨大意，更重要的是让学生学会寻求解决问题的方法。
1.6 ④ Writing 的任务是写一个与文章结尾不同的结局。旨在让学生通过思考写出自己的想法，尝试自己解决问题。
总之，通过本单元的系统学习，让学生了解世界各国的节日及民俗，学习有关节日的词汇，并能够丰富语言知识，提升用英语表达观点的能力。
2. 教材重组
2.1 可将Warming up，Pre-reading，Reading，Comprehending整合成一节阅读课。
2.2 将Learning about Language与Workbook中的Using words & expressions Using structures结合成一节语言学习课。
2.3 可将Workbook中的 Listening task与Workbook 中的Reading task整合在一起上一堂听读课。
2.4 将Using language 中的Listening, Speaking，和Workbook中的Talking结合在一起，旨在启发学生讨论、思考关于节日的话题，整合成一节听说课
2.5. 泛读 可将Using Language中的Reading &Writing上成一节 "泛读课"。
3. 课型设计与课时分配 (经分析教材, 本单元可以用五课时教完。)
Period 1 Warming up and reading
Period 2 Learning about language
Period 3 Listening and reading
Period 4 Listening and speaking
Period 5 Extensive Reading and writing
IV. 分课时教案
Period 1 Warming up and reading
Teaching goals
1. To get the students to talk about festivals
2. To learn about how festivals begin and how to celebrate festivals so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language
3. To develop the students’ reading skills : skimming, scanning, summarizing, and finding out details.
4. To arouse the students’ interest in festivals, cultures, especially those in China，thus promote their culture awareness.
Important points
1. Comprehension of the reading part.
2. Knowledge accumulation of festivals and cultures.
3. Useful words and expressions concerning festivals.
Teaching aid
A computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder
Teaching procedures
1. Lead-in
1) Greetings: T: Good morning, girls and boys. Happy New Year.
Ss: Good morning. Happy New Year.
2) Talk about winter vacation:
T: Did you have fun/enjoy yourselves in the winter vacation What did you do Who’d like to tell us something about your winter vacation Let’s share.
S1, S2, …
T: well, girls and boys, most of us seem to be happy during the winter vacation, old or young. The whole country was filled with joy and excitement. Can you tell me why
Ss: Because of the Spring Festival.
2. Warming-up
1) Show some pictures about the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival. Ask them to talk about what they did during the two festivals.
T: Did you have fun during the Spring Festival/ the Lantern Festival What did you do What did you eat Why did you do that
2) Show some more pictures of Chinese festivals and foreign festivals, ask students to guess what festival it is.
T: Look at the pictures, can you tell us which festival is it about When does it take place What does it celebrate What do people do Discuss with your partners.
The Dragon-boat Festival, the Mid-autumn Day, and the Double Ninth Festival.
2)Well-done. In fact, there are plenty of festivals throughout the world, and different festivals take place in different cultures. Here you are given a quiz:
Festivals Time
The Spring Festival Lunar January 1
The Lantern Festival Lunar January 15
The Tree-planting Day March 12
The Qingming Festival April4-6
The Dragon Boat Festival Lunar May 5
The Double Seventh Festival Lunar July 7
Teachers’ Day September 10
The Double Ninth Festival Lunar September 9
The National Day October 1
Festivals Time
New Year’s Day January 1
Valentine’s Day February 14
Fool’s Day April1
Labour’s Day May 1
Children’s Day June 1
Halloween October 31
Thanksgiving Day The last Thursday in November
Christmas Day December 26
3. Reading
1) Fast reading
T: Got it. You seem to know many festivals. But do you know how these festivals began What do people do to celebrate Luckily, the passage provides you much information. Read the passage quickly and find out the festivals mentioned here:
2) Now, let’s get to know more about these festivals, listen to the tape and find out the information accordingly to fill in the form or answer the questions:
Paragraph 1:When did ancient people celebrate
at the end of winter
When good weather returned
a good harvest
animals caught
When they wanted a year of plenty
*When do people celebrate now
When they welcome a new year
When families get together
When they achieve great success
When something pleasant happens
…
Paragraph 2: Festivals of the dead
Festivals Where When What to do What to eat
Obon Japan In July or August Clean the gravesLight incenseLight lampsPlay music /
The Day of the Dead Mexico In early November People offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead Food in the shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them
Halloween The U.S and some other countries October 31 Go to neighbours’Dress up and try to frighten people /
*Are there any similar festivals in China What do do What to eat
The Qingming Festival
Paragraph 3: Festivals to honour people
Festivals Country People honoured
The Dragon Boat Festival China Qu Yuan, the famous ancient poet
Columbus Day The USA Christopher Columbus
National Festival India Mahatma Gandhi
Any other festivals which are meant to honour people in China Who is honoured
The Tree-planting Day ; Sun Yet-sun.
Paragraph 4: Spring Festivals
Festivals Country What to do
The Lunar Chinese New Year China Eat dumplings, fish and meatGive lucky moneyDragon dances
Carnivals Christian countries Parades, dancing , loud music , colourful clothing
The Cherry Blossom Festival Japan Enjoy the cherry tree flowers
Paragraph 5: What are the functions of festivals
Festivals: To have fun with each other / To let us enjoy life/ To be proud of our customs
/ To forget our daily life for a little while/To honour the dead/To honour famous people/To celebrate harvest/To welcome a new year and look forward to the future/To ask people to pay attention to something
3) Well-done. Since you have got to know the information related to these festivals, I’d like you to have a quiz to check whether you have fully understood the text. Look at the statements and tell whether they are true or false.
(1). The ancient people needn’t worry about their food. F
(2). Halloween used to be a festival intended to honor the dead. T
(3). Qu Yuan was a great poet whom people honor a lot in China. T
(4). Mid-autumn Festival is held to celebrate the end of autumn. F
(5). Easter celebrates the birth of Jesus. F
(6). There is pink snow in spring in Japan. F
4. Pair work
Talk to each other and find out:
Which festival do you like most Why？
5. Group work
Festivals are created. Now you’ve got the chance to create a new festival. Discuss in groups, make a plan:
When the festival takes place
What the festival is for
What people do at the festival
What people eat at the festival
Sample: Peace Day
It takes place every year on January 2, the day after the New Year’s Day. At the beginning of a new year, we create such a festival in order to call for peace, to make the world a better place for everyone. People have to learn about foreign countries on that day. The TVs and newspapers will be all about foreign countries. And people are asked to eat foreign food on that day. And they are asked to talk about peace with their families, friends, and so on.
6. Homework
1) Find out useful words and expressions and finish the exercises in Learning about Language accordingly.
2) Write an introduction of the festival your group have created.
7. Language points:
1) Festival are meant to celebrate important events. 节日就是庆祝重要事件的活动。
(1). mean doing sth.
mean doing sth. 的意思是“意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）”, 其主语通常是指事物的词。
(2). mean to do sth.
mean to do sth. 的意思是“打算或企图做某事”，其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其过完成式表示“本来打算做某事”。
(3). mean sb. to do sth.
mean sb. to do sth. 的意思是“打算让某人做某事”，也可以用于被动结构。
(4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句
mean 后接名词或副词，意为“表示；打算；存心”等意思；后接that 从句，意为“表示……”。
(5). be meant for
该短语的意思是“打算给予；打算作……用”。
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
2). Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and one thing that people do at that time.
讨论它们（中国节日）什么时间进行，庆祝的是什么事件，并说出人们在那天所做的一件事。
take place 发生；举行① The performance didn’t take place after all.演出终于没有进行。
② Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place 事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？
Great changes ___ in China in the last two decades.
A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. are happening
3. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere.
世界各地都有各种各样的节日庆典。
① That kind of question is very difficult to answer.
= Questions of that kind are difficult to answer.
那类问题是很难解答的。
② We sell all kinds of shoes.
= We sell shoes of all kinds.
我们卖各式各样的鞋。
③ You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo.
= You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo.
你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动
4.They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.
plenty n. 富裕
days/years/...of plenty 富裕的日子/年月
You have a life of plenty, what would you be worried about
plenty pron. 大量; 充足
plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数名词, 用于陈述句, 在疑问句中一般用enough, 在否定句中用many或者much。小心在plenty of前面没有冠词, 不可误记成a plenty of。
如: You needn’t hurry. There is plenty of time left.
你不必慌忙, 剩下的时间很充足。
Taking plenty of exercise every day keeps you healthy.
每天多运动会使你身体健康。
5....or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.
......取悦祖先, 使他们得到满足,以为(祖先们)有可能回来帮助他们,也有可能带来危害。
1) satisfy vt. 满足,使…满意; satisfy sb.
satisfied a. 感到满意的; be satisfied with
satisfying a. 令人愉快的
satisfaction n. 满意; to one’s satisfaction
satisfactorily ad. 满意地
satisfactory a. 令人满意的
2) hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound的区别与用法
hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上, 感情上的伤害。
如:The girl hurt herself badly in the accident.
那位女孩在那次事故中伤得很重。
injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而
injure则指损害健康, 成就, 容貌等,
强调功能的损失。
如:He injured his hand while playing basketball.
他在打篮球时手受了伤。
damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失, 这种损失 或因自然灾害所致, 或因人为造成。如：
Several cars were damaged in the accident.
好几辆汽车在事故中损坏了。
wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指 肉体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。如:
The bullet wounded his left leg.
子弹打伤了他的左腿。
do harm to sb.=do sb. harm=harm sb.伤害某人
do more harm than good 弊大于利
①Smoking will do you harm.
Smoking will do more harm to you than good.
②If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good
6. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.
lead…to领往；使得出(结论)
lead to通向；引起，导致
①请把客人领到会客室去。
Please lead the guests to the reception-room.
②你是如何得出这个结论的
What led you to this conclusion
③条条道路通罗马。
All roads lead to Rome. The path leads to the village.
④食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems
7. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruit and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.
award. n. 奖, 奖品
v. 判给, 授予 award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物
辨析: award 和reward：
award后接双宾语
award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章
reward 奖赏, 给…报酬, 不能接双宾语;
reward sb. for sth. 因 …奖赏某人；
reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人
8. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
最富有生气而有最重要的节日就是告别冬天迎来春天的日子。
look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介词, 而不是动词不定式符号。
Children are looking forward to Spring Festival.
孩子们渴盼着过年。
He’s looking forward to hearing from his pen pal.
他期待着笔友来信。
9. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. 整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红的雪。
as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。
(1) 引导方式状语从句
She acted as though nothing had happened．
她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be时, 可以把主语和to be一起省去。
He looked about as though (he was) in search of something．
他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。
(2) 引导表语从句
It looks as if it’s going to rain．
看样子天要下雨了。
as though和as if从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。
The child talks as if she were an adult.
那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。
Period 2 Learning about Language
1. Teaching aims
1. To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions.
2. Get the students to study the use of modal verbs.
2. Difficult points
1. How to use the proper words and expressions in different situations.
2. How to use proper modal verbs according to the concrete and authentic situations.
3. Important points
1. Key words and expressions: plenty, harm satisfy, custom, agricultural, ancestor, poet, daily, look forward to, have fun with, in memory of, day and night
2. The meaning and correct use of each pair of modal verbs: can and could, may and might, will and would, shall and should, must and can’t
1 Language revision
1. Find the word or expressions in the reading passage that mean the same as these
a lot plenty
something that causes hurt or pain harm
make someone happy satisfy
feel excited about something that is going to happen look forward to
have a good time with have fun with
usual way of doing something custom
connected with farming agricultural
old relatives who have died ancestors
2. Complete the passage with some of the above words in the correct form.
plenty, harm, satisfy, look forward to, have fun with, custom, agricultural, ancestors
We think it has always been the custom for people to have festivals. They are a time to enjoy each other’s country and have fun with our friends. We think that long ago people looked forward to the celebrations. Our ancestors would sit around a fire and cook plenty of meat to eat. Then they would be satisfied with their festival.
3. Find the word or expression in the reading passage that fit each sentence.
1) I look forward to being forgiven by all of you.
2) A festival is often in memory of a famous person or a great event in history.
3) My father is very tired. He has been working day and night.
4) The great poet has been remembered for over 2000 years in China. There is a special festival to honour him.
5) I get up, go to school, do homework and go to bed. That is my daily life.
2 Grammar: Modal verbs
1. Lead-in
T: Look at the picture, the man is carrying a pile of books. So he can carry heavy books. He wants to enter the room, but he couldn’t open the door by himself. So he is making a request to ask for help from the woman by saying “Could you open the door, please ”
(The teacher writes the three sentences on the blackboard. 1.So he can carry heavy books. 2. He couldn’t open the door by himself. 3. Could you open the door, please )
T: Look at the three modal verbs in each sentence and try to get their meanings.
S: The modal verbs “can” and “couldn’t” mean one’s ability to do something. They are similar to “be able to do something”.
S: “could” in the third sentence means making a request..
T: Well-done! These are the basic meanings of “can” and “could” , which are quite familiar to you. Of course, there’re other meanings of them. So today we’ll focus on the five pairs of modal verbs.
2. Explanation of the use of modal verbs
4 1. can and could
5 表示能力（ability），指有能力做某事，意为“能够”。例如：
注意：表示现在，将来“能够”可用be able to 替换。表示过去“能够”并成功了只能用was/ were able to, 不能用could。例如
My grandma is over eighty, but she can/ is able to read without glasses.
We can/ will be able to talk about the matter later.
I talked with her for a long time, and at last I was able to make her believe me.(不能用could)
6 表示请求（request）或允许（permission）。意为“可否”、“可以”。 Could 比can 更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。
Can you wait a moment please
Liz, can you do me a favor
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station
I wonder if you could help me. (request)
---- Could I use your phone
----Yes, of course. You can.
Do you think I could borrow your bike. (permission)
7 表示可能性（possibility）
a. can 表示泛指的“可能”， 并非说话者主观认为的可能性，即并非说话者的主观猜测。
Accident can happen to any drunken driver
b.表示说话者主观猜测，只能用与否定句或疑问句中。例如：
It can’t be my father. He is now in England.
----Can it rain tomorrow
----No, it can’t.
2. may and might
1） 表示可能性（possibility）,用于对现在，过去或将来的推测，暗示不确定。might 不是may的过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小，含较多的怀疑。
He may be very busy now. (可能性较大)
He might be very busy now. (可能性较小)
2） 表示许可（permission），表示允许别人做某事， 也可征求对方的许可。
He may go now.
We may keep the book for two weeks.
3) 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
May you have a nice trip!
3. will and would
1）表示意愿
表示愿意做或主动提出做，如意志，愿望或决心等，例如：
That bag looks heavy, I’ll help you with it.( offering to do sth)
---- You know that book I lent you. Can I have it back if you’ve finished with it
---- Of course.. I’ll give it to you this afternoon.(agreement)
2） Thanks for lending me the money, I’ll pay you back on Friday. (promise)
3） 表示习惯(habit, custom)
This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.
We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.
3）表示请求（request）， 用于第二人称， would 比will 更委婉。 例如：
will you come this way, please
Would you open the window
4. shall and should
1）shall 的用法
a. shall 在疑问句中用于第一，第三人称，表示征求对方的意见。
Shall we put off the sports meeting until next month
Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow
b. shall 用于第二，第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading it.(允诺)
He shall be punished.(威胁)
2) should 的用法
a. should 表示劝告、建议、命令。
You should go to class right away.
b. should 表示期待，用于表达合理推断（prediction，意为“应该” ），或明显的结果（意为“可能”）且所期待的事几乎是事实。
It is three o’clock, the football game should begin now.
Mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.
5. must 与 can’t
must 用来表示“命令”、“推测”等含义。
1）表示规定、指令
表示规定、指令时主要指客观上的法律、条文规定，常常翻译为“应该、必须”之类意思。mustn’t 表示禁止
You must have a passport if you want to go abroad.
Drivers mustn’t drive after drinking.
2) 表示主观的命令、禁止
表示主观的命令、禁止时，主要指说话者主观的命令或强烈的劝告。
You can go out with your friend but you must come back before 11 at night.
----Must I hand in the exercise today
----No, you needn’t.
3）表示猜测，语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用于肯定句，意为肯定……。其否定为can’t，意为不可能…...
You must be ill. I can see it from your face.
He can’t be at home. I saw him in the classroom just now.
3 Summing up
From the demonstration of the modal verbs above, we can find most of them can be used to express certainty, but the degree of them is different.
He might be in the classroom. (quite not sure)
He may be in the classroom.
He could be in the classroom.
He should be in the classroom.
He must be in the classroom. (quite sure)
表示“能力” 表示“推测” 表示“许可；要求” 表示“建议和义务”
can must can should
could should could ought to
could may have to
may might need
might must Shall I…
can’t shouldn’t
mayn’t mustn’t
might’s Would you like
Can… Will you please
4 Practice
1) Find all the sentences with modal verbs and explain the meaning.
1. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. (ability)
2. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. (possibility)
3.…or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.(possibility)
4. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.(the past habit)
5. On this important feast day, people might eat food in the shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. (possibility)
6. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. (possibility)
7. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. (possibility)
8. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruit and vegetables,… (possibility)
9. At the Spring Festival in China, people…and may give children lucky money in red paper.(possibility)
10. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night. (possibility)
2) Complete the following sentences with proper modal verbs.
a) You’ve been working all day. You ______ be very tired.
b) (The door bell rings)I wonder who that is, it________ be Lisa. She’s still in the library at this time.
c) It is a long time since we met last time. You ________ come and see us more often.
d) I haven’t; decided where I’m going for my holidays. I ______ go to Australia.
e) My father’s birthday is coming. What ________ I get him
f) Why don’t you try on this dress It__________ look nice on you.
g) “Who was the man talking with your teacher ” “I’m not sure. It ___________ be her brother.
h) I don’t know when the guests ___________ be here. They __________ arrive at any time.
(must, can’t, should, may, shall, will, might, will, could)
3) Finish the dialogue using modal verbs on P6
1. A: Would you like to go to a special event with us on Saturday
B: Yes, I’d like to go with you on Saturday
2. A: Could Xiao Feng find the origin of Easter from that book
B: No, he couldn’t find it.
3. A: May I go with my friend to the harvest festival
B: Yes, you may go ( with your friends )
4. A: If I want to be a doctor should I study science
B: Yes, you should study science.
5. A: He is very handsome. Can he play the role of the prince
B: No, he can’t play the role of the prince.
6. A: The neighbor’ s children are older this year. Might or Should they stop playing tricks at Halloween
B: Perhaps, they might stop playing tricks at Halloween or should stop playing
4) Make a dialogue using modal verbs according to the given situation.
You have to go to buy food and gifts for Spring Festival or Easter. In pairs, one as the shop keeper and the other as the customer, offer and request the items you need. Use these expressions to help you.
Would you like … Could I have …
Might I suggest … May I see …
You should try … Could we look at …
Can you see … We might take …
Sample dialogue:
In the supermarket a customer is talking with the salesman.
A: Hello, I need to buy some things for the Spring Festival.
B: May I suggest these gifts for the children They are very popular.
A: They are pretty, but could I have a look at the red paper envelopes on the shelf
B: Sure, would you like these ones They are less expensive.
A: That’s fine. I’ll take twelve of them. May I see what your pork is like I need to make dumplings.
B: Of course, it’s over there. You should try some of the cabbage that just arrived. It’s very fresh.
A: Ok, could I have three cabbages and a kilo of pork I also need some flour.
B: Can you see the flour down there Please take what you need. Thanks for coming in, and have a good holiday.
3 Homework
1. Fill in the blanks with proper modal verbs to complete the story on workbook P43.
2. Choose one of the following situations to create a short dialogue using modal verbs.
Situation A: In a library. Ask the librarian if he can help to find a book relating to some specific topics, whether they can be renewed or not, and how to do if the books are lost. (“Could you please find… ” “May I … ” “You mustn’t…”)
Situation B: A doctor gives a patient some advice. (“You should…”)
Situation C: In a park by a lake. Discuss that one should not destroy the environment. (“You should…”, “You shouldn’t…”, “You mustn’t…”)
Situation D: Requesting an appointment. (“Will you… ” “Shall I … ”)
Period 3 Listening and Reading
(Workbook page41) (Workbook page44)
Teaching goals
1. To train the students’ listening ability through the listening context.
2. To learn about how the festival Easter begin and how to celebrate it so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language
3. To develop the students’ reading skills, through the reading context Winter Carnival in Quebec, such as skimming, scanning, summarizing, and finding out details.
4. To arouse the students’ interest in festivals, cultures, especially those in the western world.
Important points
1. Information grasping of the listening part.
2. Comprehension of the reading part.
3. Useful words and expressions concerning festivals.
Teaching aid
A computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder
Teaching procedures
I. listening (Workbook page41)
T: Hello, boys and girls. Today we are going to see a different festival. In this festival there are colorful eggs. And people dress up and make up. Do you know what festival it is
Ss: No.
T: Well, it is Easter. Do you know something about Easter
Ss: …
T: Held every year at the vernal equinox (春分in late March or early April), Easter is the most important feast in the Christian calendar. It celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. We would hear a piece of listening material to get more information about Easter.
Before that, let’s go through the questions first.
1. Why is Easter a holiday of hope and promise
2. Why did Helen and Andy go to the shop
3. Who came home for Easter
4. What was hidden all around the house
5. Who brought the children the gifts
6. What did the family have for dinner
(After listening)
(Checking)
1. Why is Easter a holiday of hope and promise
Easter is a holiday of hope and promise because it is celebrated in spring and everything comes to life.
2. Why did Helen and Andy go to the shop
They went to the shop to buy some candy eggs/ Easter eggs and Hot Cross Buns for the little children.
3. Who came home for Easter
The whole family came home for Easter.
4. What was hidden all around the house
Andy and Helen brought the children gifts.
5. Who brought the children the gifts
Andy and Helen brought the children gifts.
6. What did the family have for dinner
The family had carrots, potatoes, roast lamb and apple pie for dinner.
T: Now, let’s listen to the tape once again and try to fill in the blanks.
Easter is one of the most important days for Christians, because it celebrates the death and return of Jesus. However, for many people it is a holiday when families can get together. Because Easter is in Spring, it is also a time when baby animals and birds are born and new plants grow. It is a time of hope and promise.
Easter is a four-day holiday, at which people usually have carrots, potatoes, roast lamb and apple pie for dinner. And hunting for Easter eggs is traditional North American game for children at home on Easter Sunday.
II. Reading (Workbook page44)
Picture of a snowman: Hey, I’m a snowman. I guess you know it. But have you ever thought of having a carnival in winter. I bet you’ll like it.
Now, come with me.
T: So, let’s go together with the snowman to see the winter carnival in Quebec. (on page 44)
First of all, do you know anything about Quebec (Geography) Quebec is the largest province of eastern Canada; it is three times the size of France and seven times the size of Great Britain. (Language) The official language of Quebec is French; it is the sole Canadian province whose population is mainly French Canadian, and where English is not an official language at the provincial level.(Climate )Quebec's climate is generally temperate, with variations among the regions. Tourism is important throughout the province during the summer season, and in the winter the Laurentian Mts. attract skiers.
And what about the winter carnival in Quebec Now read the context. Remember there are questions for you.
Q1. When does the carnival in Quebec take place
Q2 Why is the writer sitting in a café at carnival time
Q3 Why do you think that dogs are used to pull sleds inthe cold climate
Q4 Which activity at Quebec carnival would be the most dangerous Why
Q5 What would you wear if you went to carnival in Quebec Name three things.
(after reading)
(checking)
Q1. When does the carnival in Quebec take place
The Carnival takes place in winter/in February.
Q2 Why is the writer sitting in a café at carnival time
The writer sits in the café to warm up and to plan tomorrow.
Q3 Why do you think that dogs are used to pull sleds in the cold climate
Dogs are used in cold climates because they can run on top of the snow, which horses cannot/because they havevery thick fur which keeps them warm. They are also very strong/do not eat grass and grain as horses and cattle do/can be fed on meat/do not eat too much.
Q4 Which activity at Quebec carnival would be the most dangerous Why
Probably the canoe race through the ice would be the most dangerous.
Q5 What would you wear if you went to carnival in Quebec Name three things.
I would wear a thick/warm coat/jacket/hat/gloves/mittens/boots/scarf/socks.
Q6 Which activity at Quebec carnival would be the most fun Why
Students give their own answers.
Q7 If you could go to carnival in Quebec, what would you do or see Why
Students give their own answers.
Q8 If you had to draw a poster for carnival in Quebec, what things would you put on the poster
Students give their own answers.
Homework
Try to find some information dealing with Carnival in different parts of the world.
Period 4 Listening and speaking (textbook page6)
Teaching goals
1. To train the students’ listening ability through the listening context.
2. To learn about the Carnival in Trinidad and how people celebrate it so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language.
3. To develop the students’ speaking skills, with the help of the sample dialogue.
Important points
1. Information grasping of the listening part.
2. Mastery of the words and phrases concerning festivals in daily expression
Teaching aid
A computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder
Teaching procedures
I. listening (p6)
T: Hello, boys and girls. Can you have a guess What are they doing in the pictures
Ss: They are having carnivals.
T: Have you ever seen a real carnival
Ss: No/yes.
T: Let’s enjoy a real carnival in the video.
(after the video)
T: What would people do in a carnival
Ss: They would dance.
They would go on a parade.
T: Very good. Do you know there is a big and famous carnival in Trinidad every February Li Mei and Wu Ping are visiting Trinidad and they are getting ready to go to the carnival parade. Listen to the tape and find out what the plans for the parade are. Then answer the question.
1. What is the advice that Carla gives Li Mei
Carla tells Li Mei she should wear comfortable shoes, light and cool clothes and a hat. Carlo offers Li Mei comfortable shoes.
2. What do they find when they arrive at the park
They arrive at the park and find the boys, big bands, dancers and musicians on trucks.
3. Why is it important for them to have water
It is important to have water because it is very hot/the temperature is thirty-five degrees/they will be walking and dancing all day/until midnight.
4. Why can’t they hear each other
They can’t hear each other because the music is very loud/the loudspeakers make it impossible to hear.
5. Why do they plan to meet at the parking lot
They plan to meet at the parking lot so they don’t get lost in the crowd/ so they can find each other/because it is crowded/then they will go and see the winners.
II. Speaking (p6)
T: Now, Suppose you are Li Mei or Wu Ping.
You have visited Carla and Hari’s home in Trinidad and you have returned home to Jilin.
You are phoning their mother to thank her for the visit.
The expressions below might help you.
T: Sample dialogue is given for you.
Sample dialogue
A: Hello, Xiao Feng. It’s calling from Jilin. Can you hear me
B: Oh, hello . How nice to hear from you.
A: I want to say thank you very much for the lovely visit in Trinidad.
B: It was a pleasure having you here. Would you please give my best wishes to your parents
A: Of course I will. They asked me to send their greetings and thanks also.
B: I look forward to meeting them. Perhaps we can visit China sometime soon.
A: That’d be wonderful. You’re most welcome.
B: It was fun having you here —— maybe you can come again for Carnival next year.
A: I’d love to. Say hello to Carla and Hari for me —— I hope they can come to China with you. And thanks again.
B: Don’t mention it. I’ll tell them you called. I’m glad you had a good trip home.
T: So, now it’s your show time. Get your dialogues ready and present it to the whole class.
SA…
SB …
Homework
Preview the reading context A Sad Love Story on page 7 and do the relevant exercises thereafter.
Period 5 Extensive reading and writing
Teaching aims:
To introduce a cross-cultural view of lover’s festivals – Qiqiaojie and Valentine’s Day.
Train the students’ reading ability.
Enable the students to engage imaginatively in the story and to use their own ideas of changing the ending.
Improve the students’ writing ability.
Reading
Teaching procedures
1.Lead-in
T: In the last period, we have learnt many kinds of festivals. Some are set in memory of the dead, some are set in honor of people and some are set in celebration of harvest. Do you know the festivals set for lovers
S: Yes. Qiqiaojie in China and Valentine’s Day in western countries.
T: You are familiar with them. Look at the screen. Can you guess who the two lovers are
S: Maybe they’re the weaving girl and the head boy – Niulang and Zhinu.
T: You’re right. Do you know something about them
S: …
T: Then do you know something about Valentine’s Day, which are quite popular in China now
S: …
T: (introduce the origin of Valentine’s Day) Today, we are going to learn a love story.
2.While-reading
T: Go through your text quickly and silently. Then finish the true or false exercises.
1. Hu Jin failed to meet Li Fang at 7:00.
2. If it is raining on Qiqiaojie, it means that Zhinu is weeping and the couple will be able to meet.
3. Because her most lovely daughter got married to a human secretly, the Goddess got more than angry.
4. Li Fang thought he could get married to Hu Jin, just like Niu Lang and Zhi Nu.
5. When Li Fang met Hu Jin, he felt very glad.
T: Read the passage again and answer the following questions one by one.
1. What does “this” (L8 para3) mean
2. Where did Li Fang and Hu Jin wait for each other Did they meet on time
3. How did Li Fang feel
4. How would he get rid of his sadness then And what about Hu Jin
5. Did Li Fang continue to wait later
6. Did they meet each other at last
7. How did Li Fang feel
S: Li Fang: Made an appointment with Hu Jin—Waited in the coffee shop—Not met her—Heart-broken; along with…; like a fool—Would not hold his breath for her to apologize(wait without much hope); Would drown his sadness in coffee (drink coffee in order to forget the sadness/sorrow)—Gave up and threw…away—Met Hu Jin without gifts—Felt worried
Hu Jin: Made an appointment with Li Fang—Kept her word but waited in the tea shop—Not turned up in the coffee shop—Waited for him all the time—Met Li Fang with gifts
ENDING
3. Post-reading
T: The two love stories happened in two different festivals. What are their similarities and differences How should we treat Chinese traditional festivals and some western festivals
S: …
T: Nowadays, some people pay more attention to the Valentine’s Day than Qiqiaojie, which was once one of the most popular festivals in ancient China. Anyway, each festival in China has its own tale and meaning. So we should hold on to our own festivals and culture, as well as pass them on from generation to generation. We should never allow some western festivals to take the place of Chinese traditional festivals.
Writing
T: Li Fang met Hu Jin after he lost heart and threw away the Valentine’s gifts. To his surprise, Hu Jin kept her word and waited for him in the tea shop all the time! What should he do What would happen to the two lovers Please write a different ending to the story of Li Fang, beginning with: As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way…
T: Before writing, you’d better read the story again and then think of what Hu Jin will say when she finds out later that the flowers and chocolates are gone. Then think of an ending to the story that will solve Li Fang’s problem. Will he be happy or sad
Homework: Finish “Summing up” on P8
Language points:
1. But she didn’t turn up.
1) 来, 出席(某活动)
I’m very happy you turned up so early.
2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 其反义短语是turn down.
Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program.
相关短语:
turn down 拒绝
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn out 结果是......
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
2. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word.
keep one’s word 意为“守信用”,其反义词是break one’s word, 即“失信”。
He is a man who always keeps his word.
Don’t break your word, otherwise, no one will trust you.
注意：keep one’s word和break one’s word中的名词word不能用复数形式。
相关短语：
in a word/in short/to be short 简言之；总之
have a word with sb. 与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人发生口角
in other words 换句话说
e.g. A gentleman should always __ his __.
A. keeps; word B. keep; word
C. keeps; word D. keep; words
3. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...
obvious adj. 明显的，清楚的
1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词
Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.
2) It + be + obvious +that-clause
It was obvious that she was in danger.
辨析：
obvious/apparent/clear
a. obvious 是三者中程度最强的，含有“一目了然” 之意。
It is obvious that you are wrong.
b. apparent 指具有某些明显的迹象的，侧重与经历推理才能看出结果。
It was apparent from his face that he was lying.
c. clear 作“明白的，清楚的”讲。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。
He seems clear about his plans.
4. When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her daughter was married to a human, she ...
marry 的用法：
1) 她嫁给了一个律师。
She married with a lawyer. (F)
She married a doctor. (T)
表示“和......结婚”，“嫁......”，“娶......”时，marry为及物动词，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb.
2) 她和一位律师结婚了。
She got married with a lawyer. (F)
She got married a lawyer. (F)
She was married to a lawyer. (T)
表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介词to， 而不用with.
3) 他们结婚三年了。
They have married for three years. (F)
They have got married for three years. (F)
They have been married for three years. (T)
They got married three years ago. (T)
It’s three years since they got married. (T)
注意：marry和get married 都表示短暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用，而have been married则表示婚姻状态，可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连用。
5. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought...
set off: 动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力
Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.
The bomb set off among the crowd.
A woman’ beauty is set off by her clothes and jewelers.
相关短语：
set about doing sth. 着手（做某事）
set in 开始
set up 建立，创立
set down 写下，记下
set somebody to do something.
使某人开始工作
set somebody doing something
使某人处于某种动的状态
6. I don’t want them to remind me of her.
remind vi. 提醒，使想起
remind sb. of sth.
remind sb. to do sth.
remind sb. that
e.g. What you said just now ____ me of that American professor.
A. mentioned
B. informed
C. reminded
D. memorized
Background information
St. Valentine's Story
Saint Valentine is said to have lived in Rome during the third century. That was a long time ago. During this time Rome was ruled by an emperor named Claudius. Many people did not like the ruler.
Claudius was having trouble getting men to serve in his army. He felt many men would not volunteer to join because they did not want to leave their wives and families. He thought that if men were not married, they would join the army. So Claudius passed a new law which did not allow any more marriages. Most people thought this law was cruel. Valentine, who was a minister, did not support the new law.
Even after Emperor Claudius passed the law, he kept performing marriage ceremonies secretly. One night he was caught and thrown in jail and told he would be put to death.
Many young people came to visit Valentine. One was the daughter of the prison guard. On the day of his death Valentine wrote a note to the daughter signed "Love from your Valentine". This was on February 14, 269 A. D.
Some say this started the custom of exchanging love messages on Valentine's Day.
Chinese Valentine’s Day
Raise your head on August 4 and gaze at the stars, you will find something romantic going on in the sky.
VALENTINE'S Day in China, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, falls on August 4 this year.
That is, on Monday evening, Niu Lang and Zhi Nu will meet on a bridge of magpies（鹊桥） across the Milky Way（银河）. Chinese grannies will remind children that they would not be able to see any magpies on that evening because all the magpies have left to form a bridge in the heavens with their wings.
Romantic legend
The legend has been handed down for nearly 2 millennia. The story has been recorded as far back as the Jin Dynasty (256-420 AD). Poets composed hundreds of verses on the love story and many types of Chinese opera tell the story.
The Chinese people believe that the star Vega（织女星）, east of the Milky Way, is Zhi Nu and, at the constellation of Aquila（天鹰座）, on the western side of the Milky Way, Niu Lang waits for his wife.
Zhi Nu was said to be the youngest of seven daughters of the Queen of Heaven. With her sisters, she worked hard to weave beautiful clouds in the sky, while Niu Lang was a poor orphan cowherd, driven out of his home by his elder brother and his cruel wife.
Niu Lang lamented over his lonely and poor life with an old cow, his only friend and companion. The magical cow kindly told him of a way to find a beautiful and nice woman as his life companion.
Under the direction of the cow, Niu Lang went to the riverside on an evening, where the seven fairies slipped out of their heavenly palace to bathe.
He took one of the beautiful silk dresses the fairies had left on the bank. When the fairies left the water, the youngest couldn't find her clothes and had to see her sisters fly back to heaven without her.
Then Niu Lang came out with the dress and asked the youngest fairy, Zhi Nu, to stay with him.
Several years passed on Earth, which were only a few days in heaven. Niu Lang and Zhi Nu lived happily together and had two children before the Queen of Heaven discovered Zhi Nu's absence.
She was so annoyed she had Zhi Nu brought back to heaven. Seeing his beloved wife flying in the sky, Niu Lang was terrified. He caught sight of the cowhide hanging on a wall. The magical cow had told him before dying of old age: "Keep the cowhide（牛皮） for emergency use."
Putting the cowhide on, he went after his wife with his two children.
With the help of the cowhide, Niu Lang was able to follow Zhi Nu into heaven. He was about to reach his wife when the Queen showed up and pulled off her hairpin to draw a line between the two. The line became the Silver River in heaven or the Milky Way.
Zhi Nu went back to the heavenly workshop, going on weaving the clouds. But she was so sad, and missed her husband across the Silver River so much that the clouds she weaved seemed sad. Finally, the Queen showed a little mercy, allowing the couple to meet once every year on the Silver River.
Well-known poem
One of the most famous poems about the legend was written by Qin Guan of in the Song Dynasty (960-1279).
Fairy Of The Magpie Bridge 鹊桥仙 （宋 秦观）
Among the beautiful clouds, 织云弄巧
Over the heavenly river, 飞星传恨
Crosses the weaving maiden. 银河迢迢暗度
A night of rendezvous, 金风玉露一相逢
Across the autumn sky. 便胜却人间无数
Surpasses joy on earth. 柔情似水
Moments of tender love and dream, 佳期如梦
So sad to leave the magpie bridge. 忍顾鹊桥归路
Eternal love between us two, 两情若是长久时
Shall withstand the time apart. 又岂在朝朝暮暮
Compared with love stories in Western legends, the story of Niu Lang and Zhi Nu seems not as intense or passionate. Love doesn't kill or break up the barrier between them. They just wait patiently on the riverbank, believing that their love can withstand their time apart.
It is faith and emotional liaison instead of physical attraction and desire that is emphasized in the story as well as in many other Chinese folktales（民间故事） about love.
In only a few Chinese folk love stories can be found a description of the physical appearances of the hero and heroine.
In the "Butterfly Lovers", the heroine, dressed as a boy to attend school, falls in love with a classmate. After they have lived together as classmates for years, the hero did not have the slightest clue that his best friend is actually a girl!
Chinese ceremonies
The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is the only Chinese festival devoted to love in the Lunar calendar.
Unlike St. Valentine's Day in Western countries there is not so much emphasis on giving chocolates, flowers and kisses. Instead, Chinese girls prepare fruits, melons and incense（熏香） as offerings to Zhi Nu, the weaving maiden, praying to acquire high skills in needlecraft（裁缝）, as well as hoping to find satisfactory husbands.
In the evening, people sit outdoors to observe the stars. Chinese grannies would say that, if you stand under a grapevine, you can probably overhear what Zhi Nu and Niu Lang are talking about.
Summing up
Write down what you have learned about festivals around the world.
1) How festivals began
2) How people celebrate festivals
From this unit you have also learned
useful verbs: starve, satisfy, lead, gain, gather, admire, apologize, drown, wipe, weep, forgive
useful nouns: plenty, ancestor, lamp, feast, bone, origin, trick, poet, arrival, independence, custom, award, clothing, fool, sadness
useful expressions: take place, in memory of , play a trick on, look forward to, day and night, as though, as if, have fun with, keep one’s word, hold one’s breath
new grammar items: Modal verbs
Could/Would you please… I’d love to.
It’s very kind of you… I look forward to…
Thank you very much/Thanks a lot. It was a pleasure…
You’re most welcome. Don’t mention it.
Ｉ. Teaching goals
▲ Talk about festivals and celebrations▲ Talk about the ways to express request and thanks▲ Learn to use Modal verbs▲ Write a similar story with a different ending
II. Functional items
功 能 句 式 Talk about festivals:*Festivals are meant to celebrate important events.*What’s your favorite holiday of the year *What festivals or celebrations do you enjoy in your city or town *Do you like spending festivals with your family or with your friends *What part of a festival do you like best——the music, the things to see, the visit or the food *Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere.*They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.*Some festivals are held to honor the dead or satisfy and please the ancestors.*Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or the gods.*The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.*Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.Request:Could/Would you please... Could I have ... Could we look at... I look forward to .... May I see... ThanksIt’s very kind of you ... Thank you very much/Thanks a lot.I’d love to. It was a pleasure...Don’t mention it. You are most welcome.
词 汇 1. 四会词汇starve, plenty, satisfy, ancestor, lamp, lead, feast, bone, origin, trick, poet, arrival, national, gain, independence, gather, agricultural, European, custom, award, award, watermelon, handsome, rooster, admire, energetic, forward, Easter, clothing, religious, social, Christian, daily, permission, possibility, fool, apologize, drown, sadness, obvious, wipe, lovely, couple, weep, announcer, forgive 2. 认读词汇Obon, incense, skull, Halloween, carnival, lunar, parade, Jesus, cherry, blossom, Trinidad, Valentine, weave, herd, the Milky Way, magpie3. 固定词组take place, in memory of, dress up, play a trick, look forward to, day and night, as though, have fun with, turn up, keep one’s word, hold one’s breath4. 重点词汇starve, satisfy, lead, gather, admire, apologize, drown, wipe, weep, forgive
语法 Modal verbs: may/ might, can/ could, will/ would, shall/should, must/ can ▲ They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. P1▲ Some festivals are held to honor the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. P2▲ Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or the gods.
重 点句子 1. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and one that people do at that time. P12. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. P13. Some festivals are held to honor the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. P24. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors to earth. P25. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. P26. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. P27. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds. P28. The teacher said that we could not leave early.(permission) P59. The hunters are lost. They could starve.(possibility) P510. It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. P711. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. P712. "I don’t want them to remind me of her." So he did. P7
III. 教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元以节日为话题，介绍古今中外节日的种类、由来、意义以及人们的活动和习俗，旨在通过本单元的学习使学生不但了解我国的节日，而且对外国的节日也有所了解，进而拓展社会文化背景、增加跨国文化知识；使学生复习和巩固运用请求和感谢的表达法，掌握情态动词的用法；并尝试根据阅读的文章写一个不同的结局，能表达自己的观点和想法。
1.1 Warming Up 旨在通过表格引导学生讨论并列举出五个我国节日的日期、庆祝内容和民俗。可以刚刚过去的春节为话题导入对节日的讨论；使他们由自己的经历谈起，扩展到别的节日以及外国的重要节日，激发学生的兴趣，激活他们关于节日的背景知识，为本单元的学习做准备。
1.2 Pre-reading是Reading 的热身活动。主要通过两个问题引导学生思考并讨论自己最喜欢的节日及欢度方式，进而了解学生对节日的认识，以便为阅读作好铺垫。
1.3 Reading 的五篇小短文分别介绍古代节日、亡灵节、纪念名人的节日、丰收节、春天的节日等，使学生了解各种节日的由来及其存在的意义。此部分载有Festivals的重要信息，还呈现了大量的词汇和主要的语法---情态动词的用法。处理时应作为重点、整体处理，通过上下文来教词汇、语法，并引导学生分析长句、难句和复杂句。
1.4 Comprehending是考察对阅读内容的进一步理解。
练习一：六个问题让学生对文章内容有浅层理解并考察课文细节，但又不能仅仅拘泥于课文，要引导学生理解课文内容的基础上联系现实生活。
练习二：要求学生讨论哪些节日是最重要的，哪些是最有趣的，以表格的形式检查学生对所读节日的理解，并训练他们举一反三的归纳和推理能力。
练习三：要求学生找出各种节日共有的三件事，然后讨论为什么这些事对各地的人们都很重要。这就要求学生不仅要温习文章内容而且要结合实际，阐述自己的想法，挖掘学生的思维能力和语言表达能力。
1.5 Learning about Language 分词汇和语法两部分。其中Discovering useful words and expressions是本单元单词的英文释义练习和用文章中的词汇的适当形式填空；Discovering useful structures 是以文章内容为载体在语境中练习语法，掌握情态动词。由此可以看出本教材已明显地由结构为特征的传统语法训练转变到以交际功能为特征的功能语法训练，充分体现了新教材话题、功能、结构相结合的特点。
1.6 Using Language 是英语听说读写的全面运用的练习。
1.6 ① Listening 是课文的延伸，通过听几位学生参加Trinidad Carnival 节日游行的两段对话，使学生体会参加节日游行的真实情景，既训练听力一通过问题训练了他们的分析能力。
1.6 ② Speaking 分为两部分。第一部分通过电话突出交际用语功能的训练；第一部分让学生编对话，可以按自己的想象、经历为内容，训练思维和表达能力。
1.6 ③ Reading 是发生在情人节的一个令人伤心的爱情故事，其中又插入了一个“七巧节”的故事。阅读后的讨论不仅帮助学生理解文章主旨大意，更重要的是让学生学会寻求解决问题的方法。
1.6 ④ Writing 的任务是写一个与文章结尾不同的结局。旨在让学生通过思考写出自己的想法，尝试自己解决问题。
总之，通过本单元的系统学习，让学生了解世界各国的节日及民俗，学习有关节日的词汇，并能够丰富语言知识，提升用英语表达观点的能力。
2. 教材重组
2.1 可将Warming up，Pre-reading，Reading，Comprehending整合成一节阅读课。
2.2 将Learning about Language与Workbook中的Using words & expressions Using structures结合成一节语言学习课。
2.3 可将Workbook中的 Listening task与Workbook 中的Reading task整合在一起上一堂听读课。
2.4 将Using language 中的Listening, Speaking，和Workbook中的Talking结合在一起，旨在启发学生讨论、思考关于节日的话题，整合成一节听说课
2.5. 泛读 可将Using Language中的Reading &Writing上成一节 "泛读课"。
3. 课型设计与课时分配 (经分析教材, 本单元可以用五课时教完。)
Period 1 Warming up and reading
Period 2 Learning about language
Period 3 Listening and reading
Period 4 Listening and speaking
Period 5 Extensive Reading and writing
IV. 分课时教案
Period 1 Warming up and reading
Teaching goals
1. To get the students to talk about festivals
2. To learn about how festivals begin and how to celebrate festivals so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language
3. To develop the students’ reading skills : skimming, scanning, summarizing, and finding out details.
4. To arouse the students’ interest in festivals, cultures, especially those in China，thus promote their culture awareness.
Important points
1. Comprehension of the reading part.
2. Knowledge accumulation of festivals and cultures.
3. Useful words and expressions concerning festivals.
Teaching aid
A computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder
Teaching procedures
1. Lead-in
1) Greetings: T: Good morning, girls and boys. Happy New Year.
Ss: Good morning. Happy New Year.
2) Talk about winter vacation:
T: Did you have fun/enjoy yourselves in the winter vacation What did you do Who’d like to tell us something about your winter vacation Let’s share.
S1, S2, …
T: well, girls and boys, most of us seem to be happy during the winter vacation, old or young. The whole country was filled with joy and excitement. Can you tell me why
Ss: Because of the Spring Festival.
2. Warming-up
1) Show some pictures about the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival. Ask them to talk about what they did during the two festivals.
T: Did you have fun during the Spring Festival/ the Lantern Festival What did you do What did you eat Why did you do that
2) Show some more pictures of Chinese festivals and foreign festivals, ask students to guess what festival it is.
T: Look at the pictures, can you tell us which festival is it about When does it take place What does it celebrate What do people do Discuss with your partners.
The Dragon-boat Festival, the Mid-autumn Day, and the Double Ninth Festival.
2)Well-done. In fact, there are plenty of festivals throughout the world, and different festivals take place in different cultures. Here you are given a quiz:
Festivals Time
The Spring Festival Lunar January 1
The Lantern Festival Lunar January 15
The Tree-planting Day March 12
The Qingming Festival April4-6
The Dragon Boat Festival Lunar May 5
The Double Seventh Festival Lunar July 7
Teachers’ Day September 10
The Double Ninth Festival Lunar September 9
The National Day October 1
Festivals Time
New Year’s Day January 1
Valentine’s Day February 14
Fool’s Day April1
Labour’s Day May 1
Children’s Day June 1
Halloween October 31
Thanksgiving Day The last Thursday in November
Christmas Day December 26
3. Reading
1) Fast reading
T: Got it. You seem to know many festivals. But do you know how these festivals began What do people do to celebrate Luckily, the passage provides you much information. Read the passage quickly and find out the festivals mentioned here:
2) Now, let’s get to know more about these festivals, listen to the tape and find out the information accordingly to fill in the form or answer the questions:
Paragraph 1:When did ancient people celebrate
at the end of winter
When good weather returned
a good harvest
animals caught
When they wanted a year of plenty
*When do people celebrate now
When they welcome a new year
When families get together
When they achieve great success
When something pleasant happens
…
Paragraph 2: Festivals of the dead
Festivals Where When What to do What to eat
Obon Japan In July or August Clean the gravesLight incenseLight lampsPlay music /
The Day of the Dead Mexico In early November People offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead Food in the shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them
Halloween The U.S and some other countries October 31 Go to neighbours’Dress up and try to frighten people /
*Are there any similar festivals in China What do do What to eat
The Qingming Festival
Paragraph 3: Festivals to honour people
Festivals Country People honoured
The Dragon Boat Festival China Qu Yuan, the famous ancient poet
Columbus Day The USA Christopher Columbus
National Festival India Mahatma Gandhi
Any other festivals which are meant to honour people in China Who is honoured
The Tree-planting Day ; Sun Yet-sun.
Paragraph 4: Spring Festivals
Festivals Country What to do
The Lunar Chinese New Year China Eat dumplings, fish and meatGive lucky moneyDragon dances
Carnivals Christian countries Parades, dancing , loud music , colourful clothing
The Cherry Blossom Festival Japan Enjoy the cherry tree flowers
Paragraph 5: What are the functions of festivals
Festivals: To have fun with each other / To let us enjoy life/ To be proud of our customs
/ To forget our daily life for a little while/To honour the dead/To honour famous people/To celebrate harvest/To welcome a new year and look forward to the future/To ask people to pay attention to something
3) Well-done. Since you have got to know the information related to these festivals, I’d like you to have a quiz to check whether you have fully understood the text. Look at the statements and tell whether they are true or false.
(1). The ancient people needn’t worry about their food. F
(2). Halloween used to be a festival intended to honor the dead. T
(3). Qu Yuan was a great poet whom people honor a lot in China. T
(4). Mid-autumn Festival is held to celebrate the end of autumn. F
(5). Easter celebrates the birth of Jesus. F
(6). There is pink snow in spring in Japan. F
4. Pair work
Talk to each other and find out:
Which festival do you like most Why？
5. Group work
Festivals are created. Now you’ve got the chance to create a new festival. Discuss in groups, make a plan:
When the festival takes place
What the festival is for
What people do at the festival
What people eat at the festival
Sample: Peace Day
It takes place every year on January 2, the day after the New Year’s Day. At the beginning of a new year, we create such a festival in order to call for peace, to make the world a better place for everyone. People have to learn about foreign countries on that day. The TVs and newspapers will be all about foreign countries. And people are asked to eat foreign food on that day. And they are asked to talk about peace with their families, friends, and so on.
6. Homework
1) Find out useful words and expressions and finish the exercises in Learning about Language accordingly.
2) Write an introduction of the festival your group have created.
7. Language points:
1) Festival are meant to celebrate important events. 节日就是庆祝重要事件的活动。
(1). mean doing sth.
mean doing sth. 的意思是“意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）”, 其主语通常是指事物的词。
(2). mean to do sth.
mean to do sth. 的意思是“打算或企图做某事”，其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其过完成式表示“本来打算做某事”。
(3). mean sb. to do sth.
mean sb. to do sth. 的意思是“打算让某人做某事”，也可以用于被动结构。
(4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句
mean 后接名词或副词，意为“表示；打算；存心”等意思；后接that 从句，意为“表示……”。
(5). be meant for
该短语的意思是“打算给予；打算作……用”。
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
2). Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and one thing that people do at that time.
讨论它们（中国节日）什么时间进行，庆祝的是什么事件，并说出人们在那天所做的一件事。
take place 发生；举行① The performance didn’t take place after all.演出终于没有进行。
② Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place 事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？
Great changes ___ in China in the last two decades.
A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. are happening
3. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere.
世界各地都有各种各样的节日庆典。
① That kind of question is very difficult to answer.
= Questions of that kind are difficult to answer.
那类问题是很难解答的。
② We sell all kinds of shoes.
= We sell shoes of all kinds.
我们卖各式各样的鞋。
③ You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo.
= You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo.
你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动
4.They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.
plenty n. 富裕
days/years/...of plenty 富裕的日子/年月
You have a life of plenty, what would you be worried about
plenty pron. 大量; 充足
plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数名词, 用于陈述句, 在疑问句中一般用enough, 在否定句中用many或者much。小心在plenty of前面没有冠词, 不可误记成a plenty of。
如: You needn’t hurry. There is plenty of time left.
你不必慌忙, 剩下的时间很充足。
Taking plenty of exercise every day keeps you healthy.
每天多运动会使你身体健康。
5....or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.
......取悦祖先, 使他们得到满足,以为(祖先们)有可能回来帮助他们,也有可能带来危害。
1) satisfy vt. 满足,使…满意; satisfy sb.
satisfied a. 感到满意的; be satisfied with
satisfying a. 令人愉快的
satisfaction n. 满意; to one’s satisfaction
satisfactorily ad. 满意地
satisfactory a. 令人满意的
2) hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound的区别与用法
hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上, 感情上的伤害。
如:The girl hurt herself badly in the accident.
那位女孩在那次事故中伤得很重。
injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而
injure则指损害健康, 成就, 容貌等,
强调功能的损失。
如:He injured his hand while playing basketball.
他在打篮球时手受了伤。
damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失, 这种损失 或因自然灾害所致, 或因人为造成。如：
Several cars were damaged in the accident.
好几辆汽车在事故中损坏了。
wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指 肉体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。如:
The bullet wounded his left leg.
子弹打伤了他的左腿。
do harm to sb.=do sb. harm=harm sb.伤害某人
do more harm than good 弊大于利
①Smoking will do you harm.
Smoking will do more harm to you than good.
②If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good
6. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.
lead…to领往；使得出(结论)
lead to通向；引起，导致
①请把客人领到会客室去。
Please lead the guests to the reception-room.
②你是如何得出这个结论的
What led you to this conclusion
③条条道路通罗马。
All roads lead to Rome. The path leads to the village.
④食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems
7. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruit and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.
award. n. 奖, 奖品
v. 判给, 授予 award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物
辨析: award 和reward：
award后接双宾语
award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章
reward 奖赏, 给…报酬, 不能接双宾语;
reward sb. for sth. 因 …奖赏某人；
reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人
8. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
最富有生气而有最重要的节日就是告别冬天迎来春天的日子。
look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介词, 而不是动词不定式符号。
Children are looking forward to Spring Festival.
孩子们渴盼着过年。
He’s looking forward to hearing from his pen pal.
他期待着笔友来信。
9. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. 整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红的雪。
as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。
(1) 引导方式状语从句
She acted as though nothing had happened．
她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be时, 可以把主语和to be一起省去。
He looked about as though (he was) in search of something．
他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。
(2) 引导表语从句
It looks as if it’s going to rain．
看样子天要下雨了。
as though和as if从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。
The child talks as if she were an adult.
那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。
Period 2 Learning about Language
1. Teaching aims
1. To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions.
2. Get the students to study the use of modal verbs.
2. Difficult points
1. How to use the proper words and expressions in different situations.
2. How to use proper modal verbs according to the concrete and authentic situations.
3. Important points
1. Key words and expressions: plenty, harm satisfy, custom, agricultural, ancestor, poet, daily, look forward to, have fun with, in memory of, day and night
2. The meaning and correct use of each pair of modal verbs: can and could, may and might, will and would, shall and should, must and can’t
1 Language revision
1. Find the word or expressions in the reading passage that mean the same as these
a lot plenty
something that causes hurt or pain harm
make someone happy satisfy
feel excited about something that is going to happen look forward to
have a good time with have fun with
usual way of doing something custom
connected with farming agricultural
old relatives who have died ancestors
2. Complete the passage with some of the above words in the correct form.
plenty, harm, satisfy, look forward to, have fun with, custom, agricultural, ancestors
We think it has always been the custom for people to have festivals. They are a time to enjoy each other’s country and have fun with our friends. We think that long ago people looked forward to the celebrations. Our ancestors would sit around a fire and cook plenty of meat to eat. Then they would be satisfied with their festival.
3. Find the word or expression in the reading passage that fit each sentence.
1) I look forward to being forgiven by all of you.
2) A festival is often in memory of a famous person or a great event in history.
3) My father is very tired. He has been working day and night.
4) The great poet has been remembered for over 2000 years in China. There is a special festival to honour him.
5) I get up, go to school, do homework and go to bed. That is my daily life.
2 Grammar: Modal verbs
1. Lead-in
T: Look at the picture, the man is carrying a pile of books. So he can carry heavy books. He wants to enter the room, but he couldn’t open the door by himself. So he is making a request to ask for help from the woman by saying “Could you open the door, please ”
(The teacher writes the three sentences on the blackboard. 1.So he can carry heavy books. 2. He couldn’t open the door by himself. 3. Could you open the door, please )
T: Look at the three modal verbs in each sentence and try to get their meanings.
S: The modal verbs “can” and “couldn’t” mean one’s ability to do something. They are similar to “be able to do something”.
S: “could” in the third sentence means making a request..
T: Well-done! These are the basic meanings of “can” and “could” , which are quite familiar to you. Of course, there’re other meanings of them. So today we’ll focus on the five pairs of modal verbs.
2. Explanation of the use of modal verbs
4 1. can and could
5 表示能力（ability），指有能力做某事，意为“能够”。例如：
注意：表示现在，将来“能够”可用be able to 替换。表示过去“能够”并成功了只能用was/ were able to, 不能用could。例如
My grandma is over eighty, but she can/ is able to read without glasses.
We can/ will be able to talk about the matter later.
I talked with her for a long time, and at last I was able to make her believe me.(不能用could)
6 表示请求（request）或允许（permission）。意为“可否”、“可以”。 Could 比can 更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。
Can you wait a moment please
Liz, can you do me a favor
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station
I wonder if you could help me. (request)
---- Could I use your phone
----Yes, of course. You can.
Do you think I could borrow your bike. (permission)
7 表示可能性（possibility）
a. can 表示泛指的“可能”， 并非说话者主观认为的可能性，即并非说话者的主观猜测。
Accident can happen to any drunken driver
b.表示说话者主观猜测，只能用与否定句或疑问句中。例如：
It can’t be my father. He is now in England.
----Can it rain tomorrow
----No, it can’t.
2. may and might
1） 表示可能性（possibility）,用于对现在，过去或将来的推测，暗示不确定。might 不是may的过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小，含较多的怀疑。
He may be very busy now. (可能性较大)
He might be very busy now. (可能性较小)
2） 表示许可（permission），表示允许别人做某事， 也可征求对方的许可。
He may go now.
We may keep the book for two weeks.
3) 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
May you have a nice trip!
3. will and would
1）表示意愿
表示愿意做或主动提出做，如意志，愿望或决心等，例如：
That bag looks heavy, I’ll help you with it.( offering to do sth)
---- You know that book I lent you. Can I have it back if you’ve finished with it
---- Of course.. I’ll give it to you this afternoon.(agreement)
2） Thanks for lending me the money, I’ll pay you back on Friday. (promise)
3） 表示习惯(habit, custom)
This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.
We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.
3）表示请求（request）， 用于第二人称， would 比will 更委婉。 例如：
will you come this way, please
Would you open the window
4. shall and should
1）shall 的用法
a. shall 在疑问句中用于第一，第三人称，表示征求对方的意见。
Shall we put off the sports meeting until next month
Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow
b. shall 用于第二，第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading it.(允诺)
He shall be punished.(威胁)
2) should 的用法
a. should 表示劝告、建议、命令。
You should go to class right away.
b. should 表示期待，用于表达合理推断（prediction，意为“应该” ），或明显的结果（意为“可能”）且所期待的事几乎是事实。
It is three o’clock, the football game should begin now.
Mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.
5. must 与 can’t
must 用来表示“命令”、“推测”等含义。
1）表示规定、指令
表示规定、指令时主要指客观上的法律、条文规定，常常翻译为“应该、必须”之类意思。mustn’t 表示禁止
You must have a passport if you want to go abroad.
Drivers mustn’t drive after drinking.
2) 表示主观的命令、禁止
表示主观的命令、禁止时，主要指说话者主观的命令或强烈的劝告。
You can go out with your friend but you must come back before 11 at night.
----Must I hand in the exercise today
----No, you needn’t.
3）表示猜测，语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用于肯定句，意为肯定……。其否定为can’t，意为不可能…...
You must be ill. I can see it from your face.
He can’t be at home. I saw him in the classroom just now.
3 Summing up
From the demonstration of the modal verbs above, we can find most of them can be used to express certainty, but the degree of them is different.
He might be in the classroom. (quite not sure)
He may be in the classroom.
He could be in the classroom.
He should be in the classroom.
He must be in the classroom. (quite sure)
表示“能力” 表示“推测” 表示“许可；要求” 表示“建议和义务”
can must can should
could should could ought to
could may have to
may might need
might must Shall I…
can’t shouldn’t
mayn’t mustn’t
might’s Would you like
Can… Will you please
4 Practice
1) Find all the sentences with modal verbs and explain the meaning.
1. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. (ability)
2. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. (possibility)
3.…or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.(possibility)
4. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.(the past habit)
5. On this important feast day, people might eat food in the shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. (possibility)
6. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. (possibility)
7. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. (possibility)
8. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruit and vegetables,… (possibility)
9. At the Spring Festival in China, people…and may give children lucky money in red paper.(possibility)
10. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night. (possibility)
2) Complete the following sentences with proper modal verbs.
a) You’ve been working all day. You ______ be very tired.
b) (The door bell rings)I wonder who that is, it________ be Lisa. She’s still in the library at this time.
c) It is a long time since we met last time. You ________ come and see us more often.
d) I haven’t; decided where I’m going for my holidays. I ______ go to Australia.
e) My father’s birthday is coming. What ________ I get him
f) Why don’t you try on this dress It__________ look nice on you.
g) “Who was the man talking with your teacher ” “I’m not sure. It ___________ be her brother.
h) I don’t know when the guests ___________ be here. They __________ arrive at any time.
(must, can’t, should, may, shall, will, might, will, could)
3) Finish the dialogue using modal verbs on P6
1. A: Would you like to go to a special event with us on Saturday
B: Yes, I’d like to go with you on Saturday
2. A: Could Xiao Feng find the origin of Easter from that book
B: No, he couldn’t find it.
3. A: May I go with my friend to the harvest festival
B: Yes, you may go ( with your friends )
4. A: If I want to be a doctor should I study science
B: Yes, you should study science.
5. A: He is very handsome. Can he play the role of the prince
B: No, he can’t play the role of the prince.
6. A: The neighbor’ s children are older this year. Might or Should they stop playing tricks at Halloween
B: Perhaps, they might stop playing tricks at Halloween or should stop playing
4) Make a dialogue using modal verbs according to the given situation.
You have to go to buy food and gifts for Spring Festival or Easter. In pairs, one as the shop keeper and the other as the customer, offer and request the items you need. Use these expressions to help you.
Would you like … Could I have …
Might I suggest … May I see …
You should try … Could we look at …
Can you see … We might take …
Sample dialogue:
In the supermarket a customer is talking with the salesman.
A: Hello, I need to buy some things for the Spring Festival.
B: May I suggest these gifts for the children They are very popular.
A: They are pretty, but could I have a look at the red paper envelopes on the shelf
B: Sure, would you like these ones They are less expensive.
A: That’s fine. I’ll take twelve of them. May I see what your pork is like I need to make dumplings.
B: Of course, it’s over there. You should try some of the cabbage that just arrived. It’s very fresh.
A: Ok, could I have three cabbages and a kilo of pork I also need some flour.
B: Can you see the flour down there Please take what you need. Thanks for coming in, and have a good holiday.
3 Homework
1. Fill in the blanks with proper modal verbs to complete the story on workbook P43.
2. Choose one of the following situations to create a short dialogue using modal verbs.
Situation A: In a library. Ask the librarian if he can help to find a book relating to some specific topics, whether they can be renewed or not, and how to do if the books are lost. (“Could you please find… ” “May I … ” “You mustn’t…”)
Situation B: A doctor gives a patient some advice. (“You should…”)
Situation C: In a park by a lake. Discuss that one should not destroy the environment. (“You should…”, “You shouldn’t…”, “You mustn’t…”)
Situation D: Requesting an appointment. (“Will you… ” “Shall I … ”)
Period 3 Listening and Reading
(Workbook page41) (Workbook page44)
Teaching goals
1. To train the students’ listening ability through the listening context.
2. To learn about how the festival Easter begin and how to celebrate it so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language
3. To develop the students’ reading skills, through the reading context Winter Carnival in Quebec, such as skimming, scanning, summarizing, and finding out details.
4. To arouse the students’ interest in festivals, cultures, especially those in the western world.
Important points
1. Information grasping of the listening part.
2. Comprehension of the reading part.
3. Useful words and expressions concerning festivals.
Teaching aid
A computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder
Teaching procedures
I. listening (Workbook page41)
T: Hello, boys and girls. Today we are going to see a different festival. In this festival there are colorful eggs. And people dress up and make up. Do you know what festival it is
Ss: No.
T: Well, it is Easter. Do you know something about Easter
Ss: …
T: Held every year at the vernal equinox (春分in late March or early April), Easter is the most important feast in the Christian calendar. It celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. We would hear a piece of listening material to get more information about Easter.
Before that, let’s go through the questions first.
1. Why is Easter a holiday of hope and promise
2. Why did Helen and Andy go to the shop
3. Who came home for Easter
4. What was hidden all around the house
5. Who brought the children the gifts
6. What did the family have for dinner
(After listening)
(Checking)
1. Why is Easter a holiday of hope and promise
Easter is a holiday of hope and promise because it is celebrated in spring and everything comes to life.
2. Why did Helen and Andy go to the shop
They went to the shop to buy some candy eggs/ Easter eggs and Hot Cross Buns for the little children.
3. Who came home for Easter
The whole family came home for Easter.
4. What was hidden all around the house
Andy and Helen brought the children gifts.
5. Who brought the children the gifts
Andy and Helen brought the children gifts.
6. What did the family have for dinner
The family had carrots, potatoes, roast lamb and apple pie for dinner.
T: Now, let’s listen to the tape once again and try to fill in the blanks.
Easter is one of the most important days for Christians, because it celebrates the death and return of Jesus. However, for many people it is a holiday when families can get together. Because Easter is in Spring, it is also a time when baby animals and birds are born and new plants grow. It is a time of hope and promise.
Easter is a four-day holiday, at which people usually have carrots, potatoes, roast lamb and apple pie for dinner. And hunting for Easter eggs is traditional North American game for children at home on Easter Sunday.
II. Reading (Workbook page44)
Picture of a snowman: Hey, I’m a snowman. I guess you know it. But have you ever thought of having a carnival in winter. I bet you’ll like it.
Now, come with me.
T: So, let’s go together with the snowman to see the winter carnival in Quebec. (on page 44)
First of all, do you know anything about Quebec (Geography) Quebec is the largest province of eastern Canada; it is three times the size of France and seven times the size of Great Britain. (Language) The official language of Quebec is French; it is the sole Canadian province whose population is mainly French Canadian, and where English is not an official language at the provincial level.(Climate )Quebec's climate is generally temperate, with variations among the regions. Tourism is important throughout the province during the summer season, and in the winter the Laurentian Mts. attract skiers.
And what about the winter carnival in Quebec Now read the context. Remember there are questions for you.
Q1. When does the carnival in Quebec take place
Q2 Why is the writer sitting in a café at carnival time
Q3 Why do you think that dogs are used to pull sleds inthe cold climate
Q4 Which activity at Quebec carnival would be the most dangerous Why
Q5 What would you wear if you went to carnival in Quebec Name three things.
(after reading)
(checking)
Q1. When does the carnival in Quebec take place
The Carnival takes place in winter/in February.
Q2 Why is the writer sitting in a café at carnival time
The writer sits in the café to warm up and to plan tomorrow.
Q3 Why do you think that dogs are used to pull sleds in the cold climate
Dogs are used in cold climates because they can run on top of the snow, which horses cannot/because they havevery thick fur which keeps them warm. They are also very strong/do not eat grass and grain as horses and cattle do/can be fed on meat/do not eat too much.
Q4 Which activity at Quebec carnival would be the most dangerous Why
Probably the canoe race through the ice would be the most dangerous.
Q5 What would you wear if you went to carnival in Quebec Name three things.
I would wear a thick/warm coat/jacket/hat/gloves/mittens/boots/scarf/socks.
Q6 Which activity at Quebec carnival would be the most fun Why
Students give their own answers.
Q7 If you could go to carnival in Quebec, what would you do or see Why
Students give their own answers.
Q8 If you had to draw a poster for carnival in Quebec, what things would you put on the poster
Students give their own answers.
Homework
Try to find some information dealing with Carnival in different parts of the world.
Period 4 Listening and speaking (textbook page6)
Teaching goals
1. To train the students’ listening ability through the listening context.
2. To learn about the Carnival in Trinidad and how people celebrate it so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language.
3. To develop the students’ speaking skills, with the help of the sample dialogue.
Important points
1. Information grasping of the listening part.
2. Mastery of the words and phrases concerning festivals in daily expression
Teaching aid
A computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder
Teaching procedures
I. listening (p6)
T: Hello, boys and girls. Can you have a guess What are they doing in the pictures
Ss: They are having carnivals.
T: Have you ever seen a real carnival
Ss: No/yes.
T: Let’s enjoy a real carnival in the video.
(after the video)
T: What would people do in a carnival
Ss: They would dance.
They would go on a parade.
T: Very good. Do you know there is a big and famous carnival in Trinidad every February Li Mei and Wu Ping are visiting Trinidad and they are getting ready to go to the carnival parade. Listen to the tape and find out what the plans for the parade are. Then answer the question.
1. What is the advice that Carla gives Li Mei
Carla tells Li Mei she should wear comfortable shoes, light and cool clothes and a hat. Carlo offers Li Mei comfortable shoes.
2. What do they find when they arrive at the park
They arrive at the park and find the boys, big bands, dancers and musicians on trucks.
3. Why is it important for them to have water
It is important to have water because it is very hot/the temperature is thirty-five degrees/they will be walking and dancing all day/until midnight.
4. Why can’t they hear each other
They can’t hear each other because the music is very loud/the loudspeakers make it impossible to hear.
5. Why do they plan to meet at the parking lot
They plan to meet at the parking lot so they don’t get lost in the crowd/ so they can find each other/because it is crowded/then they will go and see the winners.
II. Speaking (p6)
T: Now, Suppose you are Li Mei or Wu Ping.
You have visited Carla and Hari’s home in Trinidad and you have returned home to Jilin.
You are phoning their mother to thank her for the visit.
The expressions below might help you.
T: Sample dialogue is given for you.
Sample dialogue
A: Hello, Xiao Feng. It’s calling from Jilin. Can you hear me
B: Oh, hello . How nice to hear from you.
A: I want to say thank you very much for the lovely visit in Trinidad.
B: It was a pleasure having you here. Would you please give my best wishes to your parents
A: Of course I will. They asked me to send their greetings and thanks also.
B: I look forward to meeting them. Perhaps we can visit China sometime soon.
A: That’d be wonderful. You’re most welcome.
B: It was fun having you here —— maybe you can come again for Carnival next year.
A: I’d love to. Say hello to Carla and Hari for me —— I hope they can come to China with you. And thanks again.
B: Don’t mention it. I’ll tell them you called. I’m glad you had a good trip home.
T: So, now it’s your show time. Get your dialogues ready and present it to the whole class.
SA…
SB …
Homework
Preview the reading context A Sad Love Story on page 7 and do the relevant exercises thereafter.
Period 5 Extensive reading and writing
Teaching aims:
To introduce a cross-cultural view of lover’s festivals – Qiqiaojie and Valentine’s Day.
Train the students’ reading ability.
Enable the students to engage imaginatively in the story and to use their own ideas of changing the ending.
Improve the students’ writing ability.
Reading
Teaching procedures
1.Lead-in
T: In the last period, we have learnt many kinds of festivals. Some are set in memory of the dead, some are set in honor of people and some are set in celebration of harvest. Do you know the festivals set for lovers
S: Yes. Qiqiaojie in China and Valentine’s Day in western countries.
T: You are familiar with them. Look at the screen. Can you guess who the two lovers are
S: Maybe they’re the weaving girl and the head boy – Niulang and Zhinu.
T: You’re right. Do you know something about them
S: …
T: Then do you know something about Valentine’s Day, which are quite popular in China now
S: …
T: (introduce the origin of Valentine’s Day) Today, we are going to learn a love story.
2.While-reading
T: Go through your text quickly and silently. Then finish the true or false exercises.
1. Hu Jin failed to meet Li Fang at 7:00.
2. If it is raining on Qiqiaojie, it means that Zhinu is weeping and the couple will be able to meet.
3. Because her most lovely daughter got married to a human secretly, the Goddess got more than angry.
4. Li Fang thought he could get married to Hu Jin, just like Niu Lang and Zhi Nu.
5. When Li Fang met Hu Jin, he felt very glad.
T: Read the passage again and answer the following questions one by one.
1. What does “this” (L8 para3) mean
2. Where did Li Fang and Hu Jin wait for each other Did they meet on time
3. How did Li Fang feel
4. How would he get rid of his sadness then And what about Hu Jin
5. Did Li Fang continue to wait later
6. Did they meet each other at last
7. How did Li Fang feel
S: Li Fang: Made an appointment with Hu Jin—Waited in the coffee shop—Not met her—Heart-broken; along with…; like a fool—Would not hold his breath for her to apologize(wait without much hope); Would drown his sadness in coffee (drink coffee in order to forget the sadness/sorrow)—Gave up and threw…away—Met Hu Jin without gifts—Felt worried
Hu Jin: Made an appointment with Li Fang—Kept her word but waited in the tea shop—Not turned up in the coffee shop—Waited for him all the time—Met Li Fang with gifts
ENDING
3. Post-reading
T: The two love stories happened in two different festivals. What are their similarities and differences How should we treat Chinese traditional festivals and some western festivals
S: …
T: Nowadays, some people pay more attention to the Valentine’s Day than Qiqiaojie, which was once one of the most popular festivals in ancient China. Anyway, each festival in China has its own tale and meaning. So we should hold on to our own festivals and culture, as well as pass them on from generation to generation. We should never allow some western festivals to take the place of Chinese traditional festivals.
Writing
T: Li Fang met Hu Jin after he lost heart and threw away the Valentine’s gifts. To his surprise, Hu Jin kept her word and waited for him in the tea shop all the time! What should he do What would happen to the two lovers Please write a different ending to the story of Li Fang, beginning with: As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way…
T: Before writing, you’d better read the story again and then think of what Hu Jin will say when she finds out later that the flowers and chocolates are gone. Then think of an ending to the story that will solve Li Fang’s problem. Will he be happy or sad
Homework: Finish “Summing up” on P8
Language points:
1. But she didn’t turn up.
1) 来, 出席(某活动)
I’m very happy you turned up so early.
2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 其反义短语是turn down.
Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program.
相关短语:
turn down 拒绝
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn out 结果是......
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
2. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word.
keep one’s word 意为“守信用”,其反义词是break one’s word, 即“失信”。
He is a man who always keeps his word.
Don’t break your word, otherwise, no one will trust you.
注意：keep one’s word和break one’s word中的名词word不能用复数形式。
相关短语：
in a word/in short/to be short 简言之；总之
have a word with sb. 与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人发生口角
in other words 换句话说
e.g. A gentleman should always __ his __.
A. keeps; word B. keep; word
C. keeps; word D. keep; words
3. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...
obvious adj. 明显的，清楚的
1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词
Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.
2) It + be + obvious +that-clause
It was obvious that she was in danger.
辨析：
obvious/apparent/clear
a. obvious 是三者中程度最强的，含有“一目了然” 之意。
It is obvious that you are wrong.
b. apparent 指具有某些明显的迹象的，侧重与经历推理才能看出结果。
It was apparent from his face that he was lying.
c. clear 作“明白的，清楚的”讲。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。
He seems clear about his plans.
4. When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her daughter was married to a human, she ...
marry 的用法：
1) 她嫁给了一个律师。
She married with a lawyer. (F)
She married a doctor. (T)
表示“和......结婚”，“嫁......”，“娶......”时，marry为及物动词，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb.
2) 她和一位律师结婚了。
She got married with a lawyer. (F)
She got married a lawyer. (F)
She was married to a lawyer. (T)
表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介词to， 而不用with.
3) 他们结婚三年了。
They have married for three years. (F)
They have got married for three years. (F)
They have been married for three years. (T)
They got married three years ago. (T)
It’s three years since they got married. (T)
注意：marry和get married 都表示短暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用，而have been married则表示婚姻状态，可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连用。
5. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought...
set off: 动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力
Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.
The bomb set off among the crowd.
A woman’ beauty is set off by her clothes and jewelers.
相关短语：
set about doing sth. 着手（做某事）
set in 开始
set up 建立，创立
set down 写下，记下
set somebody to do something.
使某人开始工作
set somebody doing something
使某人处于某种动的状态
6. I don’t want them to remind me of her.
remind vi. 提醒，使想起
remind sb. of sth.
remind sb. to do sth.
remind sb. that
e.g. What you said just now ____ me of that American professor.
A. mentioned
B. informed
C. reminded
D. memorized
Background information
St. Valentine's Story
Saint Valentine is said to have lived in Rome during the third century. That was a long time ago. During this time Rome was ruled by an emperor named Claudius. Many people did not like the ruler.
Claudius was having trouble getting men to serve in his army. He felt many men would not volunteer to join because they did not want to leave their wives and families. He thought that if men were not married, they would join the army. So Claudius passed a new law which did not allow any more marriages. Most people thought this law was cruel. Valentine, who was a minister, did not support the new law.
Even after Emperor Claudius passed the law, he kept performing marriage ceremonies secretly. One night he was caught and thrown in jail and told he would be put to death.
Many young people came to visit Valentine. One was the daughter of the prison guard. On the day of his death Valentine wrote a note to the daughter signed "Love from your Valentine". This was on February 14, 269 A. D.
Some say this started the custom of exchanging love messages on Valentine's Day.
Chinese Valentine’s Day
Raise your head on August 4 and gaze at the stars, you will find something romantic going on in the sky.
VALENTINE'S Day in China, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, falls on August 4 this year.
That is, on Monday evening, Niu Lang and Zhi Nu will meet on a bridge of magpies（鹊桥） across the Milky Way（银河）. Chinese grannies will remind children that they would not be able to see any magpies on that evening because all the magpies have left to form a bridge in the heavens with their wings.
Romantic legend
The legend has been handed down for nearly 2 millennia. The story has been recorded as far back as the Jin Dynasty (256-420 AD). Poets composed hundreds of verses on the love story and many types of Chinese opera tell the story.
The Chinese people believe that the star Vega（织女星）, east of the Milky Way, is Zhi Nu and, at the constellation of Aquila（天鹰座）, on the western side of the Milky Way, Niu Lang waits for his wife.
Zhi Nu was said to be the youngest of seven daughters of the Queen of Heaven. With her sisters, she worked hard to weave beautiful clouds in the sky, while Niu Lang was a poor orphan cowherd, driven out of his home by his elder brother and his cruel wife.
Niu Lang lamented over his lonely and poor life with an old cow, his only friend and companion. The magical cow kindly told him of a way to find a beautiful and nice woman as his life companion.
Under the direction of the cow, Niu Lang went to the riverside on an evening, where the seven fairies slipped out of their heavenly palace to bathe.
He took one of the beautiful silk dresses the fairies had left on the bank. When the fairies left the water, the youngest couldn't find her clothes and had to see her sisters fly back to heaven without her.
Then Niu Lang came out with the dress and asked the youngest fairy, Zhi Nu, to stay with him.
Several years passed on Earth, which were only a few days in heaven. Niu Lang and Zhi Nu lived happily together and had two children before the Queen of Heaven discovered Zhi Nu's absence.
She was so annoyed she had Zhi Nu brought back to heaven. Seeing his beloved wife flying in the sky, Niu Lang was terrified. He caught sight of the cowhide hanging on a wall. The magical cow had told him before dying of old age: "Keep the cowhide（牛皮） for emergency use."
Putting the cowhide on, he went after his wife with his two children.
With the help of the cowhide, Niu Lang was able to follow Zhi Nu into heaven. He was about to reach his wife when the Queen showed up and pulled off her hairpin to draw a line between the two. The line became the Silver River in heaven or the Milky Way.
Zhi Nu went back to the heavenly workshop, going on weaving the clouds. But she was so sad, and missed her husband across the Silver River so much that the clouds she weaved seemed sad. Finally, the Queen showed a little mercy, allowing the couple to meet once every year on the Silver River.
Well-known poem
One of the most famous poems about the legend was written by Qin Guan of in the Song Dynasty (960-1279).
Fairy Of The Magpie Bridge 鹊桥仙 （宋 秦观）
Among the beautiful clouds, 织云弄巧
Over the heavenly river, 飞星传恨
Crosses the weaving maiden. 银河迢迢暗度
A night of rendezvous, 金风玉露一相逢
Across the autumn sky. 便胜却人间无数
Surpasses joy on earth. 柔情似水
Moments of tender love and dream, 佳期如梦
So sad to leave the magpie bridge. 忍顾鹊桥归路
Eternal love between us two, 两情若是长久时
Shall withstand the time apart. 又岂在朝朝暮暮
Compared with love stories in Western legends, the story of Niu Lang and Zhi Nu seems not as intense or passionate. Love doesn't kill or break up the barrier between them. They just wait patiently on the riverbank, believing that their love can withstand their time apart.
It is faith and emotional liaison instead of physical attraction and desire that is emphasized in the story as well as in many other Chinese folktales（民间故事） about love.
In only a few Chinese folk love stories can be found a description of the physical appearances of the hero and heroine.
In the "Butterfly Lovers", the heroine, dressed as a boy to attend school, falls in love with a classmate. After they have lived together as classmates for years, the hero did not have the slightest clue that his best friend is actually a girl!
Chinese ceremonies
The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is the only Chinese festival devoted to love in the Lunar calendar.
Unlike St. Valentine's Day in Western countries there is not so much emphasis on giving chocolates, flowers and kisses. Instead, Chinese girls prepare fruits, melons and incense（熏香） as offerings to Zhi Nu, the weaving maiden, praying to acquire high skills in needlecraft（裁缝）, as well as hoping to find satisfactory husbands.
In the evening, people sit outdoors to observe the stars. Chinese grannies would say that, if you stand under a grapevine, you can probably overhear what Zhi Nu and Niu Lang are talking about.
Summing up
Write down what you have learned about festivals around the world.
1) How festivals began
2) How people celebrate festivals
From this unit you have also learned
useful verbs: starve, satisfy, lead, gain, gather, admire, apologize, drown, wipe, weep, forgive
useful nouns: plenty, ancestor, lamp, feast, bone, origin, trick, poet, arrival, independence, custom, award, clothing, fool, sadness
useful expressions: take place, in memory of , play a trick on, look forward to, day and night, as though, as if, have fun with, keep one’s word, hold one’s breath
new grammar items: Modal verbs
Could/Would you please… I’d love to.
It’s very kind of you… I look forward to…
Thank you very much/Thanks a lot. It was a pleasure…
You’re most welcome. Don’t mention it.
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