巧妙运用“八字方针”将“定语从句”学用到底-新人教[上学期]
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| 名称 | 巧妙运用“八字方针”将“定语从句”学用到底-新人教[上学期] |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 7.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-10-30 11:35:00 | ||
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巧妙运用“八字方针”将“定语从句”学用到底
安徽省巢湖市烔炀中学（238072） 葛平
定语从句既是高中英语语言知识的难点，也是每年高考的重要考点。笔者通过多年的教学实践，就如何选（填）关系代词或关系副词，总结归纳出“八字方针”，即“一看二析三顾四选”。
【一看先行词】观察、分析先行词的属性(如指人、物、时间、地点或原因)，可以初步确定引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词的范围。
【二析从句成分】仔细分析定语从句的成分。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。尤其要看定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词；还要看定语从句的谓语动词与先行词之间的关系。
【三顾特殊情况】根据上述两步，确定使用关系代词时，要兼顾一些特殊情况。尤其要注意以下几种情况：
1、只能用that作关系代词的情况；
2、只能用which作关系代词的情况；
3、宜用who，而不用that指人的情况；
4、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；
5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。
【四选关系词】综合以上三步细致分析，最后则容易选（填）出适当的关系代词或关系副词。
【小试牛刀】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1. ______ he visited last year.
2. ______ he worked last year.
This is the factory 3. ______ he worked in last year.
4.in ______he worked last year.
5.This is the very factory _______he visited last year.
【解析】
一看先行词：分析复合句的成分，可知主句的主语为this, the (very) factory为先行词,指地点；
二析从句成分：
第1题定语从句中visited为及物动词且缺少宾语，故可填关系代词which/that,且口语中常可以省略；
第2题定语从句中worked为不及物动词，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where；
第3题定语从句中worked为不及物动词但其后有介词in，先行词在从句中作后置介词的宾语，故可填关系代词which/that且口语中可以省略；
第4题定语从句中worked为不及物动词但其前有介词in，先行词在从句中作前置介词的宾语，故只能填关系代词which且不可以省略；
三顾特殊情况：第5题定语从句中visited为及物动词且缺少宾语，同时兼顾先行词factory被the very修饰,故只可填关系代词that,且口语中可以省略。
四选关系词：根据以上三步分析推敲，则易知适合上面五道题的关系代词或关系副词分别为：
1.which/that/- 2.where 3.which/that/- 4.which 5.that/-
当然，做有关定语从句“关系词”选（填）的题目，还要多对照，不要受思维定势干扰；要重语义，不要墨守成规；要多角度思考定语从句，巧辨相似结构。这样，才能最终准确地选（填）出合适的关系代词或关系副词。
【06年高考真题演练】
1.Woman ____drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____don’t.（北京卷,31）
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填
2.Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _____roof is under repair.（福建卷,22）
A. whose B. which C. of which D. that
3. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _____meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （江苏卷,29）
A. who B. that C. as D. which
4.The Beatles, _____many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. （天津卷,12）
A. what B. that C. how D. as
5.---Do you have anything to say for yourselves
---Yes, there is one point _____we must insist on.（江西卷,33）
A. why B. where C. how D. /
6.We’re just trying to reach a point ____both sides will sit down together and talk. （山东卷,26）
A. where B. that C. when D. which
7.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _____she had come.（重庆卷,34）
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
8.I was given three books on cooking, the first _____I really enjoyed.（浙江卷,13）
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
9.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____Chinese in the school, most _____were from Germany.（辽宁卷,25）
A. study; of whom B. study; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
10.We saw several nations advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _____we gave some bells and glasses. （湖南卷,30）
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
11.She was educated at Beijing University, _____she went on to have her advanced study abroad.（陕西卷,8）
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
Keys:1-5 CADDD 6-11ADBDBA
1
安徽省巢湖市烔炀中学（238072） 葛平
定语从句既是高中英语语言知识的难点，也是每年高考的重要考点。笔者通过多年的教学实践，就如何选（填）关系代词或关系副词，总结归纳出“八字方针”，即“一看二析三顾四选”。
【一看先行词】观察、分析先行词的属性(如指人、物、时间、地点或原因)，可以初步确定引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词的范围。
【二析从句成分】仔细分析定语从句的成分。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。尤其要看定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词；还要看定语从句的谓语动词与先行词之间的关系。
【三顾特殊情况】根据上述两步，确定使用关系代词时，要兼顾一些特殊情况。尤其要注意以下几种情况：
1、只能用that作关系代词的情况；
2、只能用which作关系代词的情况；
3、宜用who，而不用that指人的情况；
4、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；
5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。
【四选关系词】综合以上三步细致分析，最后则容易选（填）出适当的关系代词或关系副词。
【小试牛刀】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1. ______ he visited last year.
2. ______ he worked last year.
This is the factory 3. ______ he worked in last year.
4.in ______he worked last year.
5.This is the very factory _______he visited last year.
【解析】
一看先行词：分析复合句的成分，可知主句的主语为this, the (very) factory为先行词,指地点；
二析从句成分：
第1题定语从句中visited为及物动词且缺少宾语，故可填关系代词which/that,且口语中常可以省略；
第2题定语从句中worked为不及物动词，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where；
第3题定语从句中worked为不及物动词但其后有介词in，先行词在从句中作后置介词的宾语，故可填关系代词which/that且口语中可以省略；
第4题定语从句中worked为不及物动词但其前有介词in，先行词在从句中作前置介词的宾语，故只能填关系代词which且不可以省略；
三顾特殊情况：第5题定语从句中visited为及物动词且缺少宾语，同时兼顾先行词factory被the very修饰,故只可填关系代词that,且口语中可以省略。
四选关系词：根据以上三步分析推敲，则易知适合上面五道题的关系代词或关系副词分别为：
1.which/that/- 2.where 3.which/that/- 4.which 5.that/-
当然，做有关定语从句“关系词”选（填）的题目，还要多对照，不要受思维定势干扰；要重语义，不要墨守成规；要多角度思考定语从句，巧辨相似结构。这样，才能最终准确地选（填）出合适的关系代词或关系副词。
【06年高考真题演练】
1.Woman ____drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____don’t.（北京卷,31）
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填
2.Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _____roof is under repair.（福建卷,22）
A. whose B. which C. of which D. that
3. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _____meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （江苏卷,29）
A. who B. that C. as D. which
4.The Beatles, _____many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. （天津卷,12）
A. what B. that C. how D. as
5.---Do you have anything to say for yourselves
---Yes, there is one point _____we must insist on.（江西卷,33）
A. why B. where C. how D. /
6.We’re just trying to reach a point ____both sides will sit down together and talk. （山东卷,26）
A. where B. that C. when D. which
7.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _____she had come.（重庆卷,34）
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
8.I was given three books on cooking, the first _____I really enjoyed.（浙江卷,13）
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
9.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____Chinese in the school, most _____were from Germany.（辽宁卷,25）
A. study; of whom B. study; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
10.We saw several nations advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _____we gave some bells and glasses. （湖南卷,30）
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
11.She was educated at Beijing University, _____she went on to have her advanced study abroad.（陕西卷,8）
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
Keys:1-5 CADDD 6-11ADBDBA
1