高考英语单项选择和阅读理解专题[下学期]

课件57张PPT。welcome高考单项选择及阅读理解题讲评高考英语单项选择
单选集中考查:
扎实的基础语法知识(以动词为重点)
在具体的语言环境中正确应用所学知识(能力化) 单项选择题： 英语试题中的重要组成部分，虽然分值只占15分，然而，它所考查的知识面非常广泛，对考生掌握知识的要求又非常高。本试卷单项选择题(15题）完成情况分析：Step One:Dealing with Multiple Choices
第二节: 单项选择 (共15个小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
1. I often have conversations with John over ___ telephone, while I keep in touch with Tom by ___ letter.
A.不填;the B. the;不填 C.不填;a D. the; a
2. Mr.Smith, ___ of the ___ speech, started to sleep.
A.tired;boring B. tiring;bored
C.was tired;bored D. was tiring; boring thetiredboring 3. I would much appreciate ___ if you keep the matter a secret.
A. this B. that C. it D. one 如: I love it in the autumn when the weather is bright and clear. 4. The teacher discussed with Jim, _______ problems was poor study habit.
A. one of which B. one of whose
C. whose D.who’s itone of whose 5. Professor Li has written some short stories, but he is ____known for his plays.
A. more B. the most
C. better D. the best
6. Lucy is _______ girl that everyone likes her.
A. So nice a B. a so nice
C. such nice D. such nice a
betterso nice a 7. --- Why on earth did n’t you answer the phone? --- I’m terribly sorry, but the doorbell ________ , too. A.is ring B. ring C. was ringing D. to ring 8. --- I can’t find the chief editor, where did you meet him this afternoon? --- It was in the office _____ he worked. A. which B. that C. where D. the one第9题was ringingwhere非谓语动词的强调句式：
1)一个完整的句子 = 被强调部分 + 本句剩下部分的陈述语序结构
2)Itis/was 被强调部分 that/who 本句剩下部分的陈述语序结构例子: I will help her from now on.
强调主语: ----It is that
强调宾语: ---- It is that
强调状语: ---- It is that Iwill help her from now on.herI will help from now on.from now onI will help her.（一）强调句式的使用回题(解析) 据题语境回答，补充完整的句子是:
问：Where did you meet him this afternoon?
C答：I met him this afternoon in the office _____ he worked.
It was in the office where he worked that I met him this afternoon.
B答非所问: It was in the office that he worked.
---He worked in the office.（他在办公室工作） where9. ---How much shall I pay for the phone call?
---You ____. This is free of charge ( without payment ).
A.shouldn’t B. can’t
C. don’t have to D.mustn’t10. He spent all the money he had ______ that book.
buy B. to buy
C. buying D. bought buying 11. — Help yourself to some apples, please.
— ___________.
Yes, of course B. Thank you
C. That’t right D. Yes, I will12. — What do you think make Jenny unhappy and worried?
— _______ her new PC.
A. Because she lost B. Lost
C. As a result of losing D. LosingThank youLosing(二)非谓语动词的使用：练习下STEPS:
1)担当句中什么成份(如:状语等)
2)担当句中什么具体的句法功能不定式表将来、(意外)结果、目的
等状语 分词 作（自然）结果、原因、时间、
条件和伴随等状语3）找逻辑主语(语态)和非谓语动词时态上下练习: The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told练习: _____ by terrorists ( 恐怖分子 ) , the tall building collapsed.
A.Having been attacked B. Attacked
C. To attack D. Attacking上张 ____ in the repair shop, he drives his brother’s instead.
A. Repaired B. Repairing C. Being repaired D. His car being repaired 15. __________ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A.However late is he B.However he is late
C.However is he late D.However late he is独立主格结构结构: 名词或代词主格 + 形/副/介宾/名/分词/不定式…
在句中作方式、时间、条件等状语，必有逗号与句子主体部分分隔。
e.g. Weather permitting, I will go fishing./ He came in, book in hand.重点1、非谓语动词的强调句式：
一个完整的句子 = 被强调部分 + 本句剩下部分的陈述语序结构
2) It is/was 被强调部分 that/who 句子剩下部分的陈述语序结构
重点2、非谓语动词的基本解题步骤：
第一步: 找出句子所缺成份，如状语、宾语等；
第二步： 找出句子所缺成份的句法功能，根据动名词、 不定式及分词的不同功能进行区分；
第三步： 找出逻辑主语决定其语态，或根据句子意思决定动词的时态。 阅读理解解题技巧及专项演练阅读理解( NMET )
是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。
阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。
因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。NMET阅读理解常见题型主旨大意型事实细节型 词 义 猜 测 型命 题 类推 理 判 断 型 Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us?
2)Which of the following can summar-
ize the main idea of this text?
3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?
4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?
6)What’s the best title for this passage?主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:阅读理解基础训练Basic Training---主旨大意题Passage 1
In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australian’s biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.练习题细节题解释Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph
A. GM is one of the largest car producers.
B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.
C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.
D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.
文章解释【解析】答案为C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。
本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。
文章 文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。事实细节型 解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。1）Which of the following statement is true?
2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
3）All of the following are true except___.
4）The author ( or the passage) states that___.
5）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)___? 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：阅读理解基础训练Basic Training---事实细节型 Q1) ____ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35℃to 90℃.
A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?
A.? A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.解释文章 Passage2
The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1℃. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows…… 练习题解释第三节【解析】答案为 D 。
根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)×5×1=275
【解析】答案为 C 。
根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C 符合图表内容。
文章 同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词义猜测型
情景推断法、代词替代法等判断词义1）文中找线索或信息词;
2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；
3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。做题要领阅读理解基础训练Basic Training---词义猜测型Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”
A. repeat B. reiterated
C. uneducated D. sick
Passage3: Most women in Ghana —— the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的). 解 释第四节解 释 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educated）和没有受过教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选 C 项。本题答案选C 推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理判断型 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。推理判断题（做题要领） 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型常见的命题方式有：
The passage implies (暗示) that_______.
We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____.
Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?
What is the tone (语气) of the author ?
What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?
The passage is intended to _____.
Where would this passage most probably appear? 阅读理解基础训练Basic Training---推理判断型 Passage4
The concept (n. 观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的) medical knowledge.
We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise. 练习题解释P5Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because____.
A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses.
B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge.
C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society.
D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.文章解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选 D 。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。文章 Passage5
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成绩 ) ends up with uninspired students.
Eisenberger holds (vi.认为). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近来的 ) point ( n.观点 ), he notes ( vi.特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使变得更紧 ) grading standards (及格标准 ) and restore ( vt.恢复使用 ) failing grades (不及格分数或标准 ).练习题解释总结Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_____.
rewarding poor performance ( n.成绩 ) may kill the creativity of students .
B. punishment is more effective than rewarding.
C. failing (v. 给…不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj.全面的 ) academic (adj.学校的 ) standards.
D. Discouraging ( vt.使…失去信心 ) the students’ anticipation ( n.预期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.紧急 ).文章 解析: 问题是文中 Eisenberger 举的一个例子,通过例证题目的考点分析, 我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话(论点)是解决问题的关键,这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题……(答案:A)
The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students.
译: 假设老师总让学生关注奖励,或对表现一般的学生也给高分,那么学生们最终都会不求进取,没有灵感及想象力。文章 研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们不难发现命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力，因此有关阅读理解题目更为重要的是:
主旨大意型
推理判断型summary主旨大意题干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项 可能是从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案) : 据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。 推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理判断型 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。 * Pay attention to the usage of the Cleft Sentence and Non-Predicate Verbs.
* Learn to apply these skills to finish exercises on Reading Comprehension.Practice makes Perfect!Conclusion:Review the exercises
II. Learn the methods by heart
III. Learn to apply them skillfullyHomework课后练习题:
The British meat industry is worried about the popular trend toward vegetarianism. A recent survey discovered that over the past three years 19 million people—that is, one third of the population of Britain—have reduced the amount of meat they eat. The survey also found that:
1) In Britain there are 1.1 million Vegans, people who eat no animal products at all, including eggs and milk.
2) 30% of these Vegans are between 16 and 24 years old.
3) More men than women have stopped eating meat.
4) People are eating less meat for two reasons; better-off people have moral objections to eating meat;poorer people find the cost of meat is just too high.
5) Now the Vegetarian Society is predicting that within six years half the population of Britain will have stopped eating meat altogether.Exercises (1—5):
1. Vegans are people who_____.
A. eat meat but not eggs B. eat eggs but not meat
C. eat neither meat nor eggs D. eat either meat or eggs
2. Within six years how many British people will become vegetarians?
A. 19 million people B. 57 million people
C. 1.1 million people D. 28. 5 million people
3. Which group of people are eating less meat because they feel killing animals is cruel?
A. Old people B. Small children C. Rich people D. Poorer people
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A.Women tend to eat less meat than men.
B.The meat industry is not affected by the trend toward vegetarianism.
C.All the Vegans are young people.
D.Some people are eating less meat because it is too expensive.
5. What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Vegetarianism is becoming a trend in Britain.
B.Eating vegetables is good for health.
C.The meat industry is worried about not making profits because more and more British people have become vegetarians.
D.The survey indicated that for moral reasons people should stop eating meat. KEYS: CDCDCThank YouYour Advice is welcomeSuccess’s ahead!