江苏省石庄高级中学2006届高考英语单项选择考前指导（学生听讲用）
一、高考英语单项选择题考点
二、高考英语单项选择题命题常用手段
1.句子结构题
命题手段
(1)Whom do you want to have____the parts of the car together?
A.fix B.to fix C.fixing D.fixed
(2)Please tell me the way you thought of____the garden.
A.take care of B.to take care of C.taking care of D.taken care of
⑶.She is looking forward as much as to his return as he himself to____her.
A.have seen B.seeing C.see D.be seen
⑷.Charles Babbage is generally condisdered____the first computer.
A.to have invented B.inventing C.to invent D.having invented
(还原成：People generally consider Charles Babbage to have invented the first computer.)
⑸.用考生不太常见的句式使句子结构看起来有点陌生
6.Rather than _____on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____ a bicycle. ( 94) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
(还原成：He always prefers______rather than______on a crowded bus.句型就为我们所熟悉)
2.词汇用法题
命题手段
请看以下例题:
⑴We’ve missed the last bus,and I’m afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi.
A.way B. alternative C. possibility D.selection
⑵A crazy idea _____ the boy as he was watching TV.
A. beat B. formed C. occurred D. struck
⑶.Lao Li always sits___room when we have a meeting.He wants to hear the speakers more clearly.
A.in front B.in the front C.in front of D.in the front of
⑷.The doctor told me that she______.
A.was still dangerous B.was still a danger
C.was still in danger D.was still in the danger
⑸.It was Tom who started the song, and everyone _____.
A. divided up B. put it up C. took it up D. held it up
⑹. I don’t want to put anyone to the expense of giving me a free travel. I’ll go abroad ______.
A. in my own expense B. at my own expense
C. for my own expense D. with my own expense
⑺. The school bus was _____ by the thick fog.
A. held up B. broken off C. kept up D. put off
⑻. My car is _______ new, though I’ve had it for a year.
A. as well as B. as good as C. as long as D. hardly
⑼.If by any chance someone comes to see me,ask them to leave a____.
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
⑽.Can you believe that in____a rich country there should be___many poor people.
A.such,such B.such,so C.so,so D.so,such
⑾.There was a fight in the street yesterday.Three people were seriously____.
A.hurt B.killed C.broken D.cut
⑿.The street is not in good order with rubbish____everywhere.
A.staying B.keeping C.laying D.lying
⒀.We think it necessary to prevent sound____as it is getting more and more serious.
A.position B.invention C.pollution D.condition
⒁.You are so fat that you should____the temptation to eat sweet food.
A.stop B.refuse C.prevent D.resisit
⒂.—Was he preparing for the exam yesterdsay evening?
---Yes.He’s to_____it next week.
A.give B.take C.make D.do
3.语境推理题
命题手段
例①（原题）－ Has Sam finished his homework today?
－I have no idea. He _____ it this morning. （NMET 2004 全国II）
（改编）－ Has Sam finished his homework today? －Yes. He ______ it this morning.
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
例②（原题）Robert is said _____abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
（改编）Robert is said_______abroad, but I don't know what country he is studying in
（改编）Robert is said _______abroad, but I don't know what country he will study in.
A. to have studied B. to study C．to be studying D.to have been studying
4.思维定势题
命题手段
例：The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to_______by others.
A.be noticed B.being noticed C.having been noticed D.have been noticed
请你解下面的题:
⑴.---Is___here?
---No,Bob and Tom have asked for leave.
A.anybody B.everybody C.somebody D.nobody
⑵.I’m sorry I can’t help____the floor of the classroom.
A.sweeping B.swept C.to sweep D.to sweeping
⑶. ____ a broken chair , the room is empty A. Except B. Except for C. Except that D. Besides
⑷.The wonderful time they had been looking forward ____ at last. A. to arrive B. to arrived C. to arriving D. should arrive
⑸.I'm examining the composition he has just finished ____ the possible mistakes in it. A.correcting B.to correct C.corrected D.correct
⑹.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ____.
A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing
⑺. Shirley ____ a book about China last year, but I don't know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing ⑻.The young man spent as much time as he _____ over his lessons. A. went B. can go C. could going D. could to go
⑼.The doctor asked the patient to lie down ____ and breathe deeply. A. flat B. flatly C. to be flat D. to be flatly
⑽.--- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ? --- ____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting
⑾.Was it through Mary ____ was working at a high school , _____ you get to know Tom ? A.who,who B.that,that C.who,that D.that,where
⑿.Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong
again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
⒀. --- Who should I send this message to ? --- The mayor is the one ___ ? A. to send it B. to be sent C. for sending D. to send it to
⒁.--- Alice , you feed the bird today , ______? --- But I fed it yesterday . (NMET99) A. do you B. will you C. didn't D. don't you ⒂. Are the parents who let their child who is ______ walk in the dark alone at night considerate?
A. young enough B. too young to C. not old enough to D. so young
5.情景交际题
利用英汉两种语言在表达上的差异和英语口语中的习惯表达进行命题 .
例①---- Excuse me, ________?
---- That's $35.76 altogether , madam.
A. how much is the meal we've had B. but can I take your order
C. could I have the bill, please D. would you please take the money
例②—I didn’t know this was a one way street,officer.
—________ A.That’s all right. B.I don’t believe you.
C.How dare you say that? D.Sorry,but that’s no excuse.
三、高考英语单项选择题解题技巧
1.结构分析法
例①The place______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be______ the cross—river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
例②---Why does she always ask you for help? ---There is no one else______, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
2.结构简化法
_____some of this juice----perhaps you’ll like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried
3.结构还原法
（1）Whom would you rather have______ the reports instead of you?
A. to write B. write C. written D. writing
（2）We had_____ left home than it began to rain.
A. no sooner B. hardly C. almost D. nearly
（3）①Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents______.
A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry
②---I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.
---What do you suppose_______ to him?
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened
（4）①Time should be made good use of______ our lessons well.
A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns
②A cook will be immediately fired if he is found______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
（5）Generally speaking,_______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
（6） _____blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
（7）Was it in 1969______ the American astronauts succeeded_____ landing on the moon?
A. when; on B. that;on C. when;in D. that;in
（8）______role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting
4.语境分析法
例①---Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
---Sorry, I am not sure. But it______ be.
A. might B. will C. must D. can
例②He accidentally_____ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out
例③He kept looking at her, wondering whether he______ her somewhere.
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
5.关键信息法
例①---What wre you doing when Tony phoned you?
---I had just finished my work and______ to take a shower.
A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting
例② --Do you have anything________? -- No, I'm free.
A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. do
如果将题干改成
--Do you have anything ________ .? --Oh, thank you, I can manage it myself.
A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. do
答案又选哪个呢?
6.逆向思维法
逆向思维法是一种创造性的思维方法，它冲破了固有的思维定式。运用它来解题，可收到意想不到的效果。如：
例：_____can you expect to get a pay rise.
A. With hard work B. Although hard work C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
7.标点提示法
例①When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ____“Sorry to miss you; will can late.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
例②Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,______, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
8. 情景交际法
例：---Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine!
---______.You look well, too.
A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all
江苏省石庄高级中学2006届高考英语单项选择考前指导（讲稿）
一、高考英语单项选择题考点
名词、冠词和数词、代词、形容词和副词、动词时态和语态、情态动词和语气、非谓语动词、特殊句型、句子结构(包括连词) 、短语和搭配以及交际用语
二、高考英语单项选择题命题常用手段
1.句子结构题
命题手段
(1)用问句、陈述句、倒装句使题干复杂，以避开考生熟悉的句子结构
Whom do you want to have____the parts of the car together?
A.fix B.to fix C.fixing D.fixed
(还原：You want to have whom fix the parts of the car together )
(2)用从句、加插入语等分隔成分使句子结构复杂
Please tell me the way you thought of____the garden.
A.take care of B.to take care of C.taking care of D.taken care of
(you thought of为插入的定语从句,)
⑶.用省略的方法使句子结构复杂
She is looking forward as much as to his return as he himself to____her.
A.have seen B.seeing C.see D.be seen
（还原She is looking forward as much as to his return as he himself is looking forward to ____her ）
⑷.用被动句使句子结构复杂
Charles Babbage is generally condisdered____the first computer.
A.to have invented B.inventing C.to invent D.having invented
(还原成：People generally consider Charles Babbage to have invented the first computer.)
⑸.用考生不太常见的句式使句子结构看起来有点陌生
6.Rather than _____on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____ a bicycle. ( 94) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
(还原成：He always prefers______rather than______on a crowded bus.句型就为我们所熟悉)
2.词汇用法题
利用惯用法和习惯用语命题,以及把意思相同或相近的词或词组放在一起进行考查。
请看以下例题:
▲习语或固定搭配
⑴We’ve missed the last bus,and I’m afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi.
A.way B. alternative C. possibility D.selection
（have no alternative /choice but to do sth）
⑵A crazy idea _____ the boy as he was watching TV.
A. beat B. formed C. occurred D. struck
（occurred后加to才可选）
▲习语或固定搭配的确切含义
⑶.Lao Li always sits___room when we have a meeting.He wants to hear the speakers more clearly.
A.in front B.in the front C.in front of D.in the front of
（in the front of在……的前部）
⑷.The doctor told me that she______.
A.was still dangerous B.was still a danger C.was still in danger D.was still in the danger
（was still in danger仍处于危险之中）
⑸.It was Tom who started the song, and everyone _____.
A. divided up B. put it up C. took it up D. held it up
（took it up 跟着一起唱）
⑹. I don’t want to put anyone to the expense of giving me a free travel. I’ll go abroad ______.
A. in my own expense B. at my own expense
C. for my own expense D. with my own expense
（at my own expense自费）
⑺. The school bus was _____ by the thick fog.
A. held up B. broken off C. kept up D. put off
（held up耽搁/误，晚点）
⑻. My car is _______ new, though I’ve had it for a year.
A. as well as B. as good as C. as long as D. hardly
（as good as象……一样，简直是，实际上等于）
▲句子的真实含义
⑼.If by any chance someone comes to see me,ask them to leave a____.
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
（notice留话或留言:leave a message）
⑽.Can you believe that in____a rich country there should be___many poor people.
A.such,such B.such,so C.so,so D.so,such
（such+a+adj.+n,so+many/much+n.）
▲词语的意义和用法
⑾.There was a fight in the street yesterday.Three people were seriously____.
A.hurt B.killed C.broken D.cut
（弄清四个词的具体含义A.hurt:受伤）
⑿.The street is not in good order with rubbish____everywhere.
A.staying B.keeping C.laying D.lying
（垃圾在街道上所处的状态）
▲题干对词语的要求
⒀.We think it necessary to prevent sound____as it is getting more and more serious.
A.position B.invention C.pollution D.condition
⒁.You are so fat that you should____the temptation to eat sweet food.
A.stop B.refuse C.prevent D.resisit
（resisit the temptation：抵制诱惑）
▲搭配承上替代
⒂.—Was he preparing for the exam yesterdsay evening? ---Yes.He’s to_____it next week.
A.give B.take C.make D.do
（句中it指代上文中的exam：take the exam）
3.语境推理题
利用上下文创设一个语境,字里行间隐含某些关键信息来命题
例①（原题）－ Has Sam finished his homework today?
－I have no idea. He _____ it this morning. （NMET 2004 全国II）（答案C）
（改编）－ Has Sam finished his homework today? －Yes. He ______ it this morning. （答案A）
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
(关键信息I have no idea和Yes)
例②（原题）Robert is said _____abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.（答案A）
（改编）Robert is said_______abroad, but I don't know what country he is studying in.（答案C）
（改编）Robert is said _______abroad, but I don't know what country he will study in.（答案B）
A. to have studied B. to study C．to be studying D.to have been studying
4.思维定势题
利用考生的思维定势（习惯性地遵循某一单一模式进行的思维）命题
例：The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to_______by others.
A.be noticed B.being noticed C.having been noticed D.have been noticed
（经验：prefer doing sth to doing sth）
请你解下面的题:
⑴.---Is___here?
---No,Bob and Tom have asked for leave.
A.anybody B.everybody C.somebody D.nobody
（经验：Can anybody do the difficult work within an hour?）
⑵.I’m sorry I can’t help____the floor of the classroom.
A.sweeping B.swept C.to sweep D.to sweeping
（经验：can’t help doing sth）
⑶. ____ a broken chair , the room is empty A. Except B. Except for C. Except that D. Besides （except所指项目，必须在主句内有所交代，except for 用来表示从某一细节方面来修
正前面概括性说法，其后的宾语一般与句子所涉及的东西不同类。因此a broken chair 与
the room 不是同类，答案为B。若改变一下题目_____ a broken chair , the room has no
furniture . 此时chair 是 furniture 的一种，性质相同，答案为A。）
⑷.The wonderful time they had been looking forward ____ at last. A. to arrive B. to arrived C. to arriving D. should arrive (此题迷惑选项为C，因受look forward to doing的影响，但此题主语为the wonderful time，后面they have been looking forward to 为定语从句，分析句子结构，找出句子的主干The wonderful time arrived at last.不难发现正确答案应为B.)
⑸.I'm examining the composition he has just finished ____ the possible mistakes in it. A.correcting B.to correct C.corrected D.correct (易误选A，因为习惯思维finish 后接doing. 但从句he has just finished为定语从句。答案选B，动词不定式作目的状语。)
⑹.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ____.
A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing
(受否定句影响，迷惑选项为B.此题语境性极强，第一句中"most of what you said"为关
键点，"你说的大部分我都同意，但并不是所有的我都同意"。因此，考查的是部分否定
答案为A。)
⑺. Shirley ____ a book about China last year, but I don't know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing （受last year的干扰而误选B项，但句意为"Shirley去年（一段时间）在写一本有关
中国的书，但我不知她现在是否写完"，因此答案为D.）
⑻.The young man spent as much time as he _____ over his lessons. A. went B. can go C. could going D. could to go (此题除考查理解句子结构的能力外，还考查了动词短语spend some
time(in)doing sth的用法，所以答案为C。） ⑼.The doctor asked the patient to lie down ____ and breathe deeply. A. flat B. flatly C. to be flat D. to be flatly （此处修饰动词lie down，易误选B。但副词作状语一般不表结果或状态，而形容词作状
语则有此功能，如die young , get home safe, marry early , lie awake等。因而答案为A.） ⑽.--- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ? --- ____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting （此处回答why因而答案选C.作目的状语。） ⑾.Was it through Mary ____ was working at a high school , _____ you get to know Tom ? A.who,who B.that,that C.who,that D.that,where （强调句型It be + 被强调部分 + that (who)…中，who(that)后不可能有逗号，此句是限制性和非
限制性定语从句的一般疑问句，答案为D。） ⑿.Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong
again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired （此题句型为have sth done, she had had repaired为定语从句，修饰the washing machine,
C为正确答案。迷惑选项为B项。）
⒀. --- Who should I send this message to ? --- The mayor is the one ___ ? A. to send it B. to be sent C. for sending D. to send it to （第一句提供了语境"应把消息送给谁？""应送给市长"。故A是错误的，正确答案为D，即send
the message to the mayor.被修饰的名词为不定式的间接宾语时，不定式后应加上适当的介词。）
⒁.--- Alice , you feed the bird today , ______? --- But I fed it yesterday . (NMET99) A. do you B. will you C. didn't D. don't you （此题易受you feed the bird today 中的you的影响，认为不是祈使句。但祈使句并非
都无主语，为了加强语气，指明向谁提出请求或命令，引起听话者的注意时，可说出主
语。所以正确答案是B而不是D）
⒂. Are the parents who let their child who is ______ walk in the dark alone at night considerate?
A. young enough B. too young to C. not old enough to D. so young
(经验：too … to 和not … enough to。分析句子结构，who is so young为child的定语,另有let sb.do sth.)
5.情景交际题
利用英汉两种语言在表达上的差异和英语口语中的习惯表达进行命题 .
例①---- Excuse me, ________? ---- That's $35.76 altogether , madam.
A. how much is the meal we've had B. but can I take your order
C. could I have the bill, please D. would you please take the money
分析:根据中国人的表达习惯，考生很可能会选择A，“我们一共吃了多少钱？”。但在英美文化中，往往会说“请结帐，好吗？”。
例②—I didn’t know this was a one way street,officer. —________ A.That’s all right. B.I don’t believe you.
C.How dare you say that? D.Sorry,but that’s no excuse.
分析:你有可能选了B、C项，这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节，答
话时过于生硬，没有顾及他人感情，而正确答案应该是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份，彼此
之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择D。
三、高考英语单项选择题解题技巧
1.结构分析法
为了增加试题的难度和灵活性，命题者通过插入语、倒装句、强调结构、从句套从句等形式使句子结构复杂化。因此，在做题时，要能准确分析句子结构，把握句子脉络。
例①The place______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be______ the cross—river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
解析：本题综合考查了定语从句where引导的表语从句。依据句子结构分析，所缺第二空肯定是where引导的表语从句，又因定语从句逻辑上与should构成at the place, 故选C。
例②---Why does she always ask you for help? ---There is no one else______, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
解析：通过分析句子结构可以判断，所留空格为定语从句修饰先行词no one else，省略了关系代词whom。B项正好符合此要求。
2.结构简化法
在一个较复杂的句子中，通过去掉插入语或附加的次要信息部分，使句子结构简化，然后可迅速找出正确答案。
_____some of this juice----perhaps you’ll like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried
解析：去掉破折号后面的附加信息perhaps you’ll like it， 通过语境和结构分析便可看出本题是祈使句，故答案为B。
3.结构还原法
高考中一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单，但为了增加试题的难度，命题者有意把题干复杂化，改成一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类选择题，考生可以反其道而行之，把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构。这样，题目就会变得简单，答案就会一目了然。具体来说，可采用以下几种方法。
（1）将倒装句改成陈述句
Whom would you rather have______ the reports instead of you?
A. to write B. write C. written D. writing
解析：把本题题干还原成陈述句，则是：You would rather have whom_____ the reports instead of you. 这样我们一眼就可以看出答案为B。命题测试的知识点是动词have 的使役性用法。
（2）将陈述句改为倒装句
We had_____ left home than it began to rain.
A. no sooner B. hardly C. almost D. nearly
解析：“no sooner…than”是一个大家十分熟悉的句型。在考查知识点时，命题者使用了一个陈述句。现在把该题还原成倒装句：________had we left home than it began to rain.这道题的答案A就变得十分清楚了。
（3）去掉从句或插入语
例①Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents______.
A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry
解析：该题句意为：因幼小的子女违法而惩罚父母的法律让父母们忧心忡忡。去掉定语从句that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws，题干就简化为：Laws get parents_______。正确答案为A。
例②---I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time. ---What do you suppose_______ to him?
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened
解析：去掉本句中的插入语do you suppose, 原句则变为：What____ to him?很明显，该句是一个由what引导的特殊疑问句，句中缺少谓语动词。又从“I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time”可得到提示，答语应该用现在完成时，故该题选C。
（4）将被动句改为主动句
例①Time should be made good use of______ our lessons well.
A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns
解析：将题干改为主动句，则为：We should make good use to time______ our lessons well.可以发现介词of 有其相应的宾语，其后不能再用动句词作宾语，应选不定式作目的状语。答案是C。
例②A cook will be immediately fired if he is found______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
解析：将if 从句改为主动句后，容易看出本题考查的是find的复合结构，即“find+宾语+doing”。句子意思为：如果厨师被发现在在厨房抽烟，他就会马上被解雇。答案为B。
（5）将省略句改为一个完整的句子
Generally speaking,_______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
解析：该句省略了the drug was, 补全后则为：the drug was taken according to the directions.答案选B。
（6）将复合句改成简单句
_____blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
解析：把这个句子转换成一个简单句，即：Give blood and you can save many lives.可以确定这是一个“祈使句+and+简单句”的句型。答案为B。
（7）将疑问句改成陈述句
Was it in 1969______ the American astronauts succeeded_____ landing on the moon?
A. when; on B. that;on C. when;in D. that;in
解析：将这个句子转换成陈述句，即：It was in 1969______the American astronauts succeeded_______ landing on the moon. 这是一个强调句型，故答案D正确。
（8）将感叹句改成陈述句
______role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D.What an interesting
解析：将感叹句转换成陈述句：She played and interesting role in the film.可知答案为D。
4.语境分析法
这类题要求考生找到语境的切入点，认真、仔细地分析题干所提供的语境，然后确定正确答案。
例①---Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
---Sorry, I am not sure. But it______ be.
A. might B. will C. must D. can
解析：通过对语境的分析可发现，“I am not sure”为解题的切入点。“不太有把握，无法确定”表示一种可能性，故选项A正确。
例②He accidentally_____ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out
解析：本题四个选项符合语法要求，此句的意思为：他不小心将他与妻子吵架、几个星期不回家的事泄露出去了。let out含有“泄露”的意思。此题仅从语法结构上是很难选出正确答案的，只有依据语境进行逻辑分析才能作出正确判断。答案为A。
例③He kept looking at her, wondering whether he______ her somewhere.
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
解析：本题考查过去完成时在具体情景中的使用。根据题干的语境暗示可知主导时态为一般过去时。现在分词短语wondering作伴随状语，其中whether又引导宾语从句，则从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去。答案为D。
5.关键信息法
对于有些题目来说，如果能找到题干中的关键信息，问题便可迎刃而解。
例①---What wre you doing when Tony phoned you?
---I had just finished my work and______ to take a shower.
A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting
解析：此句的关键信息为when Tony phoned you,它是时间标志。在此之前发生的表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，在此时间点正在发生的用过去进行时。答案为D。
例② --Do you have anything________? -- No, I'm free.
A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. do
解析：解此题的关键信息是No, I'm free.
如果将题干改成
--Do you have anything ________ .? --Oh, thank you, I can manage it myself.
A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. do
答案又选哪个呢? 答案为B
6.逆向思维法
逆向思维法是一种创造性的思维方法，它冲破了固有的思维定式。运用它来解题，可收到意想不到的效果。
例：_____can you expect to get a pay rise.
A. With hard work B. Although hard work C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
解析：当一些副词或短语在句首作状语时，后面的句子要倒装。反过来，由题干中的倒装可确定C为正确答案。
7.标点提示法
标点符号虽小，但可以提供很多信息。比如句中逗号可以提示非限制性定语从句或非谓语动词作状语等。标点符号可以帮助考生确定做单项填空题时从哪个角度入手。如：
例①When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ____“Sorry to miss you; will can late.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
解析：空格之前有逗号，首先可排除read和reads两个谓语动词。to read为不定式短语，作目的状语时，一般不能与主句隔开，而且此处既非表示目的，也非表示结果。只有reading在句中作伴随状语，符合题意，故D为最佳答案。
例②Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,______, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
解析：of course是插入语。空白处之前的逗号表明，空白处需要和非限制性定语从句，因此要选关系代词which来代替前面整个句子的意思，并且作从句的主语。而选项C和D不能引导非限制性定语从句，选项A符合题意。B为最佳答案。
8. 情景交际法
情景交际题几乎每年都考，旨在考查考生在交际的特定环境中语言运用的得体性(语用能力)。因此，考生一定要领悟试题题干内涵，准确把握语境，熟悉中、英两种文化的差异，掌握不同民族的交际习惯方式，才能选出正确的答案。
例：---Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine!
---______.You look well, too.
A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all
解析：中国人比较谦虚内向，而英美人比较外向，所以应选B。C和D是中式表达。
课件51张PPT。2006届 单项选择考前指导秦 建 华江苏省石庄高级中学Watch and listen carefully单项选择题考点交际用语
短语和搭配
句子结构(包括连词)
特殊句型
非谓语动词
情态动词和语气
动词时态和语态
形容词、副词
代词
冠词和数词
名词命题常用手段1.句子结构题
命题手段
(1)用问句、陈述句、倒装句使题干复杂，以避开考生熟悉的句子结构
Whom do you want to have____the parts of the car together?
A.fix B.to fix C.fixing D.fixed
(还原：You want to have whom fix the parts of the car together )(2)用从句、加插入语等分隔成分使句子结构复杂
Please tell me the way you thought of____the garden.
A.take care of B.to take care of C.taking care of D.taken care of
(you thought of为插入的定语从句,)
B(3)用省略的方法使句子结构复杂
She is looking forward as much as to his return as he himself to____her.
A.have seen B.seeing C.see D.be seen
(把省略的部分补上:She is looking forward as much as to his return as he himself is looking forward to ____her.)B(4)用被动句使句子结构复杂
Charles Babbage is generally condisdered____the first computer.
A.to have invented B.inventing
C.to invent D.having invented
(还原成：People generally consider Charles Babbage to have invented the first computer. )
(5)用考生不太常见的句式使句子结构看起来有点陌生
Rather than _____on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride
C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
(其实He always prefers______rather than______on a crowded bus.句型就为我们所熟悉.)C2.词汇用法题
利用惯用法和习惯用语命题,以及把意思相同或相近的词或词组放在一起进行考查。
请看以下例题:
⑴.We’ve missed the last bus,and I’m afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi.
A.way B. alternative C. possibility D.selection
⑵ A crazy idea __ the boy as he was watching TV.
A. beat B. formed C. occurred D. struck
⑶.Lao Li always sits___room when we have a meeting.He wants to hear the speakers more clearly.
A.in front B.in the front
C.in front of D.in the front of
⑷.The doctor told me that she______.
A.was still dangerous B.was still a danger
C.was still in danger D.was still in the danger
BDDC⑸. It was Tom who started the song, and everyone _____.
A. divided up B. put it up
C. took it up D. held it up
⑹. I don’t want to put anyone to the expense of giving me a free travel. I’ll go abroad ______.
A. in my own expense B. at my own expense
C. for my own expense D. with my own expense
⑺. The school bus was _____ by the thick fog.
A. held up B. broken off
C. kept up D. put offCBA⑻. My car is _______ new, though I’ve had it for a year.
A. as well as B. as good as
C. as long as D. hardly
⑼.If by any chance someone comes to see me,ask them to leave a____.
A. message B. letter
C. sentence D. notice
⑽.Can you believe that in____a rich country there should be___many poor people.
A.such,such B.such,so
C.so,so D.so,suchBAB⑾.There was a fight in the street yesterday.Three people were seriously____.
A.hurt B.killed C.broken D.cut
⑿.The street is not in good order with rubbish____everywhere.
A.staying B.keeping C.laying D.lying ⒀.We think it necessary to prevent sound____as it is getting more and more serious.
A.position B.invention
C.pollution D.condition
ADC⒁.You are so fat that you should____the temptation to eat sweet food.
A.stop B.refuse
C.prevent D.resisit
⒂.—Was he preparing for the exam yesterdsay evening?
---Yes.He’s to_____it next week.
A.give B.take C.make D.doDB3.语境推理题
利用上下文创设一个语境,字里行间隐含某些关键信息来命题
例①（原题）－ Has Sam finished his homework today?
－I have no idea. He _____ it this morning. （NMET 2004 全国II）
（改编）－ Has Sam finished his homework today? －Yes. He ______ it this morning.
A. did B. has done
C. was doing D. had done
(关键信息I have no idea和Yes)
cA例 ② （原题） Robert is said _____abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
（改编）Robert is said _______abroad, but
I don't know what country he is studying in. （改编）Robert is said _______abroad, but
I don't know what country he will study in.
A. to have studied B. to study C．to be studying D.to have been studying
（答案完全取决于study的时态）ACB4.思维定势题
利用考生的思维定势（习惯性地遵循某一单一模式进行的思维）命题
例：The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to_______by others.
A.be noticed B.being noticed
C.having been noticed D.have been noticed
（思维定势：prefer doing sth to doing sth）
请你解下面的题:Ａ⑴---Is______ here?
---No,Bob and Tom have asked for leave.
A.anybody B.everybody
C.somebody D.nobody
⑵.I’m sorry I can’t help_______ the floor of the classroom.
A.sweeping B.swept C.to sweep D.to sweeping
⑶. _______ a broken chair , the room is empty A. Except B. Except for
C. Except that D. Besides ⑷.The wonderful time they had been looking forward _______ at last. A. to arrive B. to arrived
C. to arriving D. should arrive
BCAB⑸.I'm examining the composition he has just finished _______ the possible mistakes in it. A.correcting B.to correct
C.corrected D.correct ⑹.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _______.
A.everything B.anything
C.something D.nothing
⑺. Shirley _______ a book about China last year, but I don't know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing ⑻.The young man spent as much time as he _____ over his lessons. A. went B. can go C. could going D. could to go BADC⑼.The doctor asked the patient to lie down ____ and breathe deeply. A. flat B. flatly C. to be flat D. to be flatly ⑽.--- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ? --- _______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting ⑾.Was it through Mary _______ was working at a high school , _____ you get to know Tom ? A.who,who B.that,that
C.who,that D.that,where ⑿.Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _______ went wrong
again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired ACDC⒀. --- Who should I send this message to ? --- The mayor is the one ______? A. to send it B. to be sent
C. for sending D. to send it to ⒁.--- Alice , you feed the bird today , ______?
--- But I fed it yesterday .
A. do you B. will you C. didn't D. don't you ⒂. Are the parents who let their child who is ______ walk in the dark alone at night considerate?
A. young enough B. too young to
C. not old enough to D. so youngDBD5.情景交际题
利用英汉两种语言在表达上的差异和英语口语中的习惯表达进行命题 .
例①---- Excuse me, ________?
---- That's $35.76 altogether , madam.
A. how much is the meal we've had
B. but can I take your order
C. could I have the bill, please
D. would you please take the money
分析:根据中国人的表达习惯，考生很可能会选择A，“我们一共吃了多少钱？”。但在英美文化中，往往会说“请结帐，好吗？”。C例②—I didn’t know this was a one?way street,officer.
—________ A.That’s all right.
B.I don’t believe you. C.How dare you say that?
D.Sorry,but that’s no excuse. 分析:你有可能选了B、C项，这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节，答
话时过于生硬，没有顾及他人感情，而正确答案应该是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份，彼此之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择 D结构分析法
结构简化法
结构还原法
语境分析法
关键信息法
逆向思维法
标点提示法
情景交际法1.结构分析法为了增加试题的难度和灵活性，命题者通过插入语、倒装句、强调结构、从句套从句等形式使句子结构复杂化。因此，在做题时，要能准确分析句子结构，把握句子脉络。 The place______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be______ the cross—river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
解析：本题综合考查了定语从句where引导的表语从句。依据句子结构分析，所缺第二空肯定是where引导的表语从句，又因定语从句逻辑上与should构成at the place。C---Why does she always ask you for help?
---There is no one else______, is there?(2005北京卷)
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
解析：通过分析句子结构可以判断，所留空格为定语从句修饰先行词no one else，省略了关系代词whom。B项正好符合此要求。
2.结构简化法在一个较复杂的句子中，通过去掉插入语或附加的次要信息部分，使句子结构简化，然后可迅速找出正确答案。
____some of this juice---perhaps you’ll like it.(2000北京春季卷)
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried
解析：去掉破折号后面的附加信息perhaps you’ll like it， 通过语境和结构分析便可看出本题是祈使句。 B3.结构还原法 高考中一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单，但为了增加试题的难度，命题者有意把题干复杂化，改成一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类选择题，考生可以反其道而行之，把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构。这样，题目就会变得简单，答案就会一目了然。具体来说，可采用以下几种方法。1).将倒装句改成陈述句 Whom would you rather have______ the reports instead of you?
A. to write B. write C. written D. writing
解析：把本题题干还原成陈述句， 则是：You would rather have whom_____ the reports instead of you. 这样我们一眼就可以看出答案为B。命题测试的知识点是动词have 的使役性用法。 2).将陈述句改为倒装句 We had_____ left home than it began to rain.
A. no sooner B. hardly C. almost D. nearly
解析：“no sooner…than”是一个大家十分熟悉的句型。在考查知识点时，命题者使用了一个陈述句。现在把该题还原成倒装句：________had we left home than it began to rain.这道题的答案A就变得十分清楚了。
3).去掉从句或插入语 Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents______.(2004重庆卷)
A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry
解析：该题句意为：因幼小的子女违法而惩罚父母的法律让父母们忧心忡忡。去掉定语从句that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws，题干就简化为：Laws get parents_______.A---I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.
---What do you suppose_______ to him?
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. had happened
解析：去掉本句中的插入语do you suppose, 原句则变为：What____ to him?很明显，该句是一个由what引导的特殊疑问句，句中缺少谓语动词。又从“I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time”可得到提示，答语应该用现在完成时，故该题选C。 4).将被动句改为主动句 Time should be made good use of______ our lessons well.
A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns
解析：将题干改为主动句，则为：We should make good use to time______ our lessons well.可以发现介词of 有其相应的宾语，其后不能再用动句词作宾语，应选不定式作目的状语。CA cook will be immediately fired if he is found______ in the kitchen.(2003全国卷)
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
解析：将if 从句改为主动句后，容易看出本题考查的是find的复合结构，即“find+宾语+doing”。句子意思为：如果厨师被发现在在厨房抽烟，他就会马上被解雇。B5).将省略句改为一个完整的句子 Generally speaking,_______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
(2003上海卷)
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
解析：该句省略了the drug was, 补全后则为：the drug was taken according to the directions.B6).将复合句改成简单句 _____blood if you can and many lives will be saved.(2001上海卷)
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
解析：把这个句子转换成一个简单句，即：Give blood and you can save many lives.可以确定这是一个“祈使句+and+简单句”的句型。 B7).将疑问句改成陈述句 Was it in 1969______ the American astronauts succeeded_____ landing on the moon?(1994上海卷)
A. when; on B. that;on
C. when;in D. that;in
解析：将这个句子转换成陈述句，即：It was in 1969______the American astronauts succeeded_______ landing on the moon. 这是一个强调句型。 D8).将感叹句改成陈述句。 ______role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A. How interesting B. How an interesting
C. What interesting D. What an interesting
解析：将感叹句转换成陈述句：She played an interesting role in the film.D4.语境分析法这类题要求考生找到语境的切入点，认真、仔细地分析题干所提供的语境，然后确定正确答案。
例① ---Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
---Sorry, I am not sure. But it______ be.
A. might B. will C. must D. can
(2004湖北卷)解析：通过对语境的分析可发现，“I am not sure”为解题的切入点。“不太有把握，无法确定”表示一种可能性。 A例② He accidentally_____ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.(2004湖南卷)
A. let out B. took care
C. made sure D. made out
解析：本题四个选项符合语法要求，此句的意思为：他不小心将他与妻子吵架、几个星期不回家的事泄露出去了。let out含有“泄露”的意思。此题仅从语法结构上是很难选出正确答案的，只有依据语境进行逻辑分析才能作出正确判断。A例③ He kept looking at her, wondering whether he______ her somewhere.(2004湖北卷)
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
解析：本题考查过去完成时在具体情景中的使用。根据题干的语境暗示可知主导时态为一般过去时。现在分词短语wondering作伴随状语，其中whether又引导宾语从句，则从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去。D5.关键信息法对于有些题目来说，如果能找到题干中的关键信息，问题便可迎刃而解 例①---What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
---I had just finished my work and_____ to take a shower.
(2004天津卷)
A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting解析：此句的关键信息为when Tony phoned you,它是时间标志。在此之前发生的表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，在此时间点正在发生的用过去进行时。D例② --Do you have anything________?
-- No, I'm free.
A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. do
解析：解此题的关键信息是No, I'm free.
C如果将题干改成
--Do you have anything ________ .?
--Oh, thank you, I can manage it myself.
答案又选哪个呢?B６.逆向思维法逆向思维法是一种创造性的思维方法，它冲破了固有的思维定式。运用它来解题，可收到意想不到的效果。
_____can you expect to get a pay rise.
（２００１北京春季）
A. With hard work B. Although hard work
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard解析：当一些副词或短语在句首作状语时，后面的句子要倒装。反过来，由题干中的倒装可确定C为正确答案。 ７.标点提示法 标点符号虽小，但可以提供很多信息。比如句中逗号可以提示非限制性定语从句或非谓语动词作状语等。标点符号可以帮助考生确定做单项填空题时从哪个角度入手。 例① When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _____ “Sorry to miss you; will can late.”（９９全国卷）
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading解析：空格之前有逗号，首先可排除read和reads两个谓语动词。to read为不定式短语，作目的状语时，一般不能与主句隔开，而且此处既非表示目的，也非表示结果。只有reading在句中作伴随状语，符合题意，故D为最佳答案。 例② Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,______, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
解析：of course是插入语。空白处之前的逗号表明，空白处需要和非限制性定语从句，因此要选关系代词which来代替前面整个句子的意思，并且作从句的主语。而选项C和D不能引导非限制性定语从句，选项A不符合题意。B为最佳答案。 ８.情景交际法情景交际题几乎每年都考，旨在考查考生在交际的特定环境中语言运用的得体性(语用能力)。因此，考生一定要领悟试题题干内涵，准确把握语境，熟悉中、英两种文化的差异，掌握不同民族的交际习惯方式，才能选出正确的答案。 ---Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine!（１９９４全国卷）
---______.You look well, too.
A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all
解析：中国人比较谦虚内向，而英美人比较外向，所以应选B。C和D是中式表达。 祝同学们高考成功课件13张PPT。高三英语总复习专项系列训练单项填空____________________________________五、注意标点符号、连词的使用及句子的平衡结构。单项填空题解题指导一、认真分析语境，准确理解和把握信息词。二、注意英汉表达习惯，克服思维定势。三、注意分析句子结构，避免主观性和随意性。四、注意语境中的省略现象，完整理解句义。一、认真分析语境，准确理解和把握信息词。解题时，首先要读懂题义，然后结合信息词，认真分析语境内容，揣摩命题人的设题意图，找准突破口，结合相关知识，选出最佳答案。1. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ___ going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider2. Two middleaged passengers fell into the sea. __ neither of them could swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately D. Naturally____________________________________1. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ___ going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.2. Two middleaged passengers fell into the sea. __ neither of them could swim.二、注意英汉表达习惯，克服思维定势。英汉两种语言在表达上存在很大的差异，平时应注意对二者进行分析、比较，而不是用汉语的习惯思维方式去认识和解决英语中的一些问题。要求我们不仅具备牢固的基础知识，更要有应变能力。1. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter ____ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which2. ---Good morning, Grand Hotel.
---Hello, I'd like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.
---_______.
A. What can I do for you?
B. Just a minute, please.
C. What's the matter?
D. At your service.____________________________________ 三、注意分析句子结构，避免主观性和随意性。经常会遇到这类题：原句结构或动词短语等被某些成分分隔，或处于语法上的需要使其从原结构中分离出来，从而增强了试题中选项的干扰性，加大了试题的难度。这就要求我们不仅要掌握常用句型而且要学会熟练、灵活地运用，这样才能看清试题的本来面目，不会被表面现象所迷惑。1. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out____________________________________1. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next yearsee sb. / sth.do
doing
done3. Which do you enjoy______your weekend, fishing or watching TV?
A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spent4. What proof have you got____ you are really the lady who should collect this money? _______
_A. that B. which C. to which D. how
5. Time should be made good use ___our lessons well.
A. of learning B. to learn
C. to learning D. of to learn
____________________________________四、注意分析语境中的省略现象，完整理解句义。在语境试题中，往往根据上下文的含义故意省略一些成分，增加试题难度。在解题时，一定要弄清题意，仔细地分析句子结构，补全出省略部分，这样才能保证选出正确答案。1. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ___ it ----you've got some big bills coming.
A. forget B. forgot
C. forgetting D. to forget2. Lincoln’s stepmother did all she could ___him.
A. help B. to help
C. helped D. helping____________________________________betterBetter: had better do sth.she could: she could do五、注意标点符号、连词的使用。
此外，还要注意句子的平衡结构。3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. don't make1. ____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What____________________________________2. He set out soon after dark __ home an hour later.
A. arriving B. to arrive
C. having arrived D. and arrived1. ____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
2. ____ is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. WhatAsIt句中逗号表明，前句是一个非限制性定语从句。that 引导一个主语从句。1. ---How are the team playing?
---They're playing well, but one of them __ hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
2. The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
3. ---He was nearly drowned once. ---When was ____?
---____ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
A. that; It B. this; That C. this; It D. that; This
4. ---Do you mind if I open the window?
---____ I feel a bit cold.
A. Of course not. B. I'd rather you didn't.
C. Go ahead D. Why not?
5. ---I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.
---____. It was her fault.
A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all6. ---I don't imagine Russ and his poor dog had a good time on the deserted island, ___?
---I have no idea.
A. didn't they B. do you C. do I D. hadn't they
7. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
8. Luckily, we'd brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
9. He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
10. The shop doesn't open until 11 a.m. , ___ it loses a lot of business.
A. for B. or C. but D. so重 基 础Conclusion细 分 析巧 运 用Thank you
