完形填空讲座[下学期]
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文档简介
完形填空专项
一、完形考查的目的
完形填空考查学生词汇、语法、习惯用语运用能力，语篇理解能力以及语言感悟能力。是对学生阅读、语法、词汇和句法知识的综合测试。近几年来，完形填空选材多以moving stories 居多。其中有故事情节的叙述，也有人物内心的感悟；有情节描写，也有心理描写。这就要求学生既要有运用词汇、语法、句法和语篇理解的能力，更要让自己进入文章的角色，走进人物内心去感悟，领会主人公的心理活动，把握文章脉胳，从而完成填空。
二、完形填空考查要点
（1）词语辨析
（2）句法结构、习惯用语
（3）逻辑推理,归纳概括
（4）语篇理解
（5）情景运用,文化、生活常识
举例说明
1、词语辩析
(江苏卷) The chance passed and I did not 50 it. I sat the exam the next day and I won. I didn’t 51 to cheat, but it was still cheating anyhow.That was thirty-eight years ago
50. A. take B. have C. lose D. find
51. A. remember B. learn C. mean D. pretend
2、句法结构、习惯用语
（06广东卷） A child 43 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's 44 ：helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies -- rather than 45 playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 46 playing with dolls.
43. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working
44. A. activity B. life C. study D. work
45. A. by B. from C. through D. with
46. A. and B. but C. or D. so
3、逻辑推理,归纳概括
（06福建卷） He chose for the task one of the smallest ships in his flect. Pickle, 39 by Captain Lapenotiere. In spite of 40 winds and rough seas. Pickle made the 41 of more than 1, 000 miles in just over eight days, 42 Falmouth on the morning of November 4.
39.A.seated B.brought C.owned D.led
40.A.strong B.weak C.warm D.light
41.A.distance B.flight C.voyage D.march
42.A.leaving for B.arriving at C.staying in D.sailing for
4、语篇理解
（06福建卷） The battle was followed by a terrible storm. Therefore, it wasn’t until October 26 that Vice. Admiral(海军中将)Collingwood was 36 to send off his report to Britain 37 the victory and Nelson’s death.
36.A.eager B.anxious C.able D.sure
37.A.announcing B.telling C.mentioning D.warning
5、情景运用,文化、生活常识
It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sleepily-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 1 .
1 A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices三、完形填空的解题思路
1、跳过空格，泛读全文，理解大意，理清脉络
2、利用选项，理解文章，初选答案，先易后难
3、瞻前顾后，上下求索，语法语篇，仔细推敲
4、代入答案，通读全文，置身文中，体味文章
四、完形填空的解题技巧
1、借助词汇复现现象解题
2、利用习惯用语、固定搭配解题
3、利用句法规则解题
4、依据上下文语境解题
5、通过合理联想解题
6、运用逻辑分析判断解题
7、结合背景知识生活常识解题
举例说明
1、词汇复现
①原词复现提示②同义近义词提示 ③反义词提示 ④词语的解释
例1 原词复现（1）
(06江苏卷) A(n) 41 boy would have avoided looking at the
title as soon as he saw the 42 . I did not. The subject of the
English Writing Prize was kept a 43 until the start of the exam so I could not 44 reading it.When the headmaster 45 , I was looking out of the window.I should have told him what had 46 then. It would have been so 47 to say: “I’m sorry, but I 48 the title for the English Writing Prize on your desk. You’ll have to 49 it.”
48. A. saw B. gave C. set D. made
例1 原词复现（2） （北京卷） I said that we must very often give things up 8 we grow --- our youth, our beauty, our friends --- but it always 9 that after we give something up, we gain something new in its place. Then suddenly my father 10 up. He said, “But, Peter, I gave up 11 ! What did I gain I thought and thought, but I couldn’t think of anything to say. 12 , he answered his own question: “I 13 the love of my family,” I looked at my sisters and saw tears in their eyes, along with hope and thankfulness.
13. A. had B. accepted C. gained D. enjoyed
例2 同义近义词提示
(湖北卷) "You will never understand how those words of 50 made me feel.. Four words: You can do that I felt like crying with happiness"She made it through the class. Perhaps she thanked the young man; she is not 51 ..
51. A. interested B. doubtful C. puzzled D. sure
例3反义词提示 （1）
（06北京卷） Learning to Accept
I learned how to accept life as it is from my father. 1 , he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy, but rather when he was 2 and ill.
1. A. Afterwards B. Therefore C. However D. Meanwhile
2. A. tired B. weak C. poor D. slow
例4反义词提示 （2）
One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54 with a friend and close relatives. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55 towards some one we are fond of than towards 56 .
54. A. mind B. memory C. manner D. temper
55. A. anger B. interest C. love D. respect
56. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues
例5 词语的解释
And thousands of 58 watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.
58. A. patient B. terrified C. pleased D. enjoyable
2、利用习惯用语、固定搭配解题
例1(广东卷） The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 36 from a different kind of poverty — of the spirit. 37 , one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides ( 自杀 ) every year by children under 15, and one child 38 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.
36. A. come B. learn C. suffer D. survive
37. A. As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words
38. A. by B. in C. to D. under
例2 1 my way home yesterday, I saw a dog in front 2 me.
1. A. In B. Of C. On D. To
2. A. of B. to C. from D. before
例3 Everyday after school I would 41 to JM’s and work until ten. (NMET 2003 北京）
41. A. head B. turn C. change D. move
3、利用句法规则解题
例1 (江西卷) I formed an alliance(盟友) with a boy in the Sixth Grade．He was very clever and 39 read Latin as easily as English．My friend for his part was almost as 40 troubled by the English essays he had to write for the headmaster as I was 41 these Latin words.
39.A.mlght B．would C.should D．could
40．A．very B．little C．much D．Few
41．A.for B．by C．in D．to
例2 (06陕西卷) Dr.Richardson never regretted her decision. 34 ,she was so pleased with May’s work that she later accepted two other deaf women as student nurses.The 35 was Miss Marian Finch,who was hard of 36 .The second was Miss Lillie
34. A.In fact B.In a hurry C.In surprise D.In public
35.A.one B.others C.first D.other
36.A.reading B.hearing C.listening D.writing
例3 a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for _1__ purpose.
1． A. their B. its C. those D. that
4、依据上下文语境解题
例1 (06江西卷)While l studied at school，I felt a great difficulty in leaning my Latin translations．I was always very 36 in using a dictionary，and 37 it most difficult，while to other boys it seemed no 38.
36．A.quick B．slow C．hard D.good
37．Amade B．got C．found D．left
38．A.trouble B.difference C.labor D.worry
例2 (06湖北卷) One afternoon, the instructor asked Atsuko to 45 the ball to her teammates so they could knock it 46 the net- NO problem for most people, but it terrified Atsuko. She was afraid of losing face 47 she failed.
45. A. kick B. pass C. carry D. hit
46. A. through B. into C. over D. past
47. A. after B. if C. because D. until
5、通过合理联想解题
例1 (06四川卷) “Wh-wh-who are y-y-you ” asked Raul.“My name is Gray Cloud,” the old man answered 43 .“Come with me.”Raul followed on his horse. A 44 feeling came over him.All 45 them the rain was pouring down, 46 not a drop fell on them.
43.A.lazily B.angrily C.coldly D.slowly
44.A.natural B.common C.strange D.bad
45.A.around B.beside C.through D.above
46.A.yet B.for C.so D.or
例2 (06湖北卷) One afternoon, the instructor asked Atsuko to 45 the ball to her teammates so they could knock it 46 the net- NO problem for most people, but it terrified Atsuko. She was afraid of losing face 47 she failed.
A young man on her team 48 What she was going through." He walked up to me and 49 , 'Come on. You can do that'"
45. A. kick B. pass C. carry D. hit
46. A. through B. into C. over D. past
47. A. after B. if C. because D. until
48. A. believed B. considered C. wondered D. sensed
49. A. warned B. sighed C. ordered D. whispered
But Ella Fant, who was filed with 1 , shouted at the top of her voice, 〝Look at 2 ﹗ They're all out of 3 except my John﹗Isn't he the best﹗〞
1. A. sadness B. happiness C.surprise D.regret 2. A. them B. those C. that D. him
3. A. sight B. order C. mind D. step
6、运用逻辑分析判断解题
例1 (山东卷) At Davis’s store, Buck Davis stood behind the cash desk, talking to a farmer. I nodded 45 I passed him on my way to the hardware shelves. When I brought my 46 to the caskh desk, I said 47 , “I need to put this on credit.”
45. A. until B. as C. once D. since
46. A. purchases B. sales C. orders D. favorites
47. A. casually B. confidently C. cheerfully D. carefully
例2 (山东卷) My family was 43 . We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short. Would the store owner 44 us
43. A. generous B. honest C. friendly D. modest
44. A. blame B. excuse C. charge D. trust
7、结合背景知识、生活常识解题
例1（福建卷 Copies of the report were quickly made and 50 to the prime Minister and King Ceorge 111. A special edition of a 51 was rushed out and delivered all over the country.
50.A.sent B.carried C.suggested D.written
51.A.book B.newspaper C.weekly D.magarine
例2…. I parked my car along the roadside , __1__ the flash light and walked to work.
1．A.turned on B.turned off C.turned down D.closed
例3（06湖南卷）Seeing me or rather my 37 ,a boy sprang up(跳起来), 38 to sell his bananas and peanuts.“Banana 300 naira.Peanut 200 naira!” Looking at his binck-striped bananas,I 39 to 200 total for the fruit and nuts..
37.A.car B.mother C.driver D.keys
38.A.willing B.afraid C.eager D.ashamed
39.A.got down B.bargained down C.put down D.look down
小 结
以上讲了做完形的基本思路和方法，同学们还要注意克服四个不良习惯或错误心理：
1、对完形填空怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以致做题时处于心理紧张，不能准确理解文章。
2、只看设空的一句，不能上下联系。
3、容易受思维定势的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境下词汇的运用。
4、不能将自己融入文章中去理解、体会作者的心理、意图，而是做一个旁观者，容易产生误解。
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一、完形考查的目的
完形填空考查学生词汇、语法、习惯用语运用能力，语篇理解能力以及语言感悟能力。是对学生阅读、语法、词汇和句法知识的综合测试。近几年来，完形填空选材多以moving stories 居多。其中有故事情节的叙述，也有人物内心的感悟；有情节描写，也有心理描写。这就要求学生既要有运用词汇、语法、句法和语篇理解的能力，更要让自己进入文章的角色，走进人物内心去感悟，领会主人公的心理活动，把握文章脉胳，从而完成填空。
二、完形填空考查要点
（1）词语辨析
（2）句法结构、习惯用语
（3）逻辑推理,归纳概括
（4）语篇理解
（5）情景运用,文化、生活常识
举例说明
1、词语辩析
(江苏卷) The chance passed and I did not 50 it. I sat the exam the next day and I won. I didn’t 51 to cheat, but it was still cheating anyhow.That was thirty-eight years ago
50. A. take B. have C. lose D. find
51. A. remember B. learn C. mean D. pretend
2、句法结构、习惯用语
（06广东卷） A child 43 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's 44 ：helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies -- rather than 45 playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 46 playing with dolls.
43. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working
44. A. activity B. life C. study D. work
45. A. by B. from C. through D. with
46. A. and B. but C. or D. so
3、逻辑推理,归纳概括
（06福建卷） He chose for the task one of the smallest ships in his flect. Pickle, 39 by Captain Lapenotiere. In spite of 40 winds and rough seas. Pickle made the 41 of more than 1, 000 miles in just over eight days, 42 Falmouth on the morning of November 4.
39.A.seated B.brought C.owned D.led
40.A.strong B.weak C.warm D.light
41.A.distance B.flight C.voyage D.march
42.A.leaving for B.arriving at C.staying in D.sailing for
4、语篇理解
（06福建卷） The battle was followed by a terrible storm. Therefore, it wasn’t until October 26 that Vice. Admiral(海军中将)Collingwood was 36 to send off his report to Britain 37 the victory and Nelson’s death.
36.A.eager B.anxious C.able D.sure
37.A.announcing B.telling C.mentioning D.warning
5、情景运用,文化、生活常识
It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sleepily-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 1 .
1 A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices三、完形填空的解题思路
1、跳过空格，泛读全文，理解大意，理清脉络
2、利用选项，理解文章，初选答案，先易后难
3、瞻前顾后，上下求索，语法语篇，仔细推敲
4、代入答案，通读全文，置身文中，体味文章
四、完形填空的解题技巧
1、借助词汇复现现象解题
2、利用习惯用语、固定搭配解题
3、利用句法规则解题
4、依据上下文语境解题
5、通过合理联想解题
6、运用逻辑分析判断解题
7、结合背景知识生活常识解题
举例说明
1、词汇复现
①原词复现提示②同义近义词提示 ③反义词提示 ④词语的解释
例1 原词复现（1）
(06江苏卷) A(n) 41 boy would have avoided looking at the
title as soon as he saw the 42 . I did not. The subject of the
English Writing Prize was kept a 43 until the start of the exam so I could not 44 reading it.When the headmaster 45 , I was looking out of the window.I should have told him what had 46 then. It would have been so 47 to say: “I’m sorry, but I 48 the title for the English Writing Prize on your desk. You’ll have to 49 it.”
48. A. saw B. gave C. set D. made
例1 原词复现（2） （北京卷） I said that we must very often give things up 8 we grow --- our youth, our beauty, our friends --- but it always 9 that after we give something up, we gain something new in its place. Then suddenly my father 10 up. He said, “But, Peter, I gave up 11 ! What did I gain I thought and thought, but I couldn’t think of anything to say. 12 , he answered his own question: “I 13 the love of my family,” I looked at my sisters and saw tears in their eyes, along with hope and thankfulness.
13. A. had B. accepted C. gained D. enjoyed
例2 同义近义词提示
(湖北卷) "You will never understand how those words of 50 made me feel.. Four words: You can do that I felt like crying with happiness"She made it through the class. Perhaps she thanked the young man; she is not 51 ..
51. A. interested B. doubtful C. puzzled D. sure
例3反义词提示 （1）
（06北京卷） Learning to Accept
I learned how to accept life as it is from my father. 1 , he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy, but rather when he was 2 and ill.
1. A. Afterwards B. Therefore C. However D. Meanwhile
2. A. tired B. weak C. poor D. slow
例4反义词提示 （2）
One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54 with a friend and close relatives. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55 towards some one we are fond of than towards 56 .
54. A. mind B. memory C. manner D. temper
55. A. anger B. interest C. love D. respect
56. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues
例5 词语的解释
And thousands of 58 watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.
58. A. patient B. terrified C. pleased D. enjoyable
2、利用习惯用语、固定搭配解题
例1(广东卷） The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 36 from a different kind of poverty — of the spirit. 37 , one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides ( 自杀 ) every year by children under 15, and one child 38 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.
36. A. come B. learn C. suffer D. survive
37. A. As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words
38. A. by B. in C. to D. under
例2 1 my way home yesterday, I saw a dog in front 2 me.
1. A. In B. Of C. On D. To
2. A. of B. to C. from D. before
例3 Everyday after school I would 41 to JM’s and work until ten. (NMET 2003 北京）
41. A. head B. turn C. change D. move
3、利用句法规则解题
例1 (江西卷) I formed an alliance(盟友) with a boy in the Sixth Grade．He was very clever and 39 read Latin as easily as English．My friend for his part was almost as 40 troubled by the English essays he had to write for the headmaster as I was 41 these Latin words.
39.A.mlght B．would C.should D．could
40．A．very B．little C．much D．Few
41．A.for B．by C．in D．to
例2 (06陕西卷) Dr.Richardson never regretted her decision. 34 ,she was so pleased with May’s work that she later accepted two other deaf women as student nurses.The 35 was Miss Marian Finch,who was hard of 36 .The second was Miss Lillie
34. A.In fact B.In a hurry C.In surprise D.In public
35.A.one B.others C.first D.other
36.A.reading B.hearing C.listening D.writing
例3 a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for _1__ purpose.
1． A. their B. its C. those D. that
4、依据上下文语境解题
例1 (06江西卷)While l studied at school，I felt a great difficulty in leaning my Latin translations．I was always very 36 in using a dictionary，and 37 it most difficult，while to other boys it seemed no 38.
36．A.quick B．slow C．hard D.good
37．Amade B．got C．found D．left
38．A.trouble B.difference C.labor D.worry
例2 (06湖北卷) One afternoon, the instructor asked Atsuko to 45 the ball to her teammates so they could knock it 46 the net- NO problem for most people, but it terrified Atsuko. She was afraid of losing face 47 she failed.
45. A. kick B. pass C. carry D. hit
46. A. through B. into C. over D. past
47. A. after B. if C. because D. until
5、通过合理联想解题
例1 (06四川卷) “Wh-wh-who are y-y-you ” asked Raul.“My name is Gray Cloud,” the old man answered 43 .“Come with me.”Raul followed on his horse. A 44 feeling came over him.All 45 them the rain was pouring down, 46 not a drop fell on them.
43.A.lazily B.angrily C.coldly D.slowly
44.A.natural B.common C.strange D.bad
45.A.around B.beside C.through D.above
46.A.yet B.for C.so D.or
例2 (06湖北卷) One afternoon, the instructor asked Atsuko to 45 the ball to her teammates so they could knock it 46 the net- NO problem for most people, but it terrified Atsuko. She was afraid of losing face 47 she failed.
A young man on her team 48 What she was going through." He walked up to me and 49 , 'Come on. You can do that'"
45. A. kick B. pass C. carry D. hit
46. A. through B. into C. over D. past
47. A. after B. if C. because D. until
48. A. believed B. considered C. wondered D. sensed
49. A. warned B. sighed C. ordered D. whispered
But Ella Fant, who was filed with 1 , shouted at the top of her voice, 〝Look at 2 ﹗ They're all out of 3 except my John﹗Isn't he the best﹗〞
1. A. sadness B. happiness C.surprise D.regret 2. A. them B. those C. that D. him
3. A. sight B. order C. mind D. step
6、运用逻辑分析判断解题
例1 (山东卷) At Davis’s store, Buck Davis stood behind the cash desk, talking to a farmer. I nodded 45 I passed him on my way to the hardware shelves. When I brought my 46 to the caskh desk, I said 47 , “I need to put this on credit.”
45. A. until B. as C. once D. since
46. A. purchases B. sales C. orders D. favorites
47. A. casually B. confidently C. cheerfully D. carefully
例2 (山东卷) My family was 43 . We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short. Would the store owner 44 us
43. A. generous B. honest C. friendly D. modest
44. A. blame B. excuse C. charge D. trust
7、结合背景知识、生活常识解题
例1（福建卷 Copies of the report were quickly made and 50 to the prime Minister and King Ceorge 111. A special edition of a 51 was rushed out and delivered all over the country.
50.A.sent B.carried C.suggested D.written
51.A.book B.newspaper C.weekly D.magarine
例2…. I parked my car along the roadside , __1__ the flash light and walked to work.
1．A.turned on B.turned off C.turned down D.closed
例3（06湖南卷）Seeing me or rather my 37 ,a boy sprang up(跳起来), 38 to sell his bananas and peanuts.“Banana 300 naira.Peanut 200 naira!” Looking at his binck-striped bananas,I 39 to 200 total for the fruit and nuts..
37.A.car B.mother C.driver D.keys
38.A.willing B.afraid C.eager D.ashamed
39.A.got down B.bargained down C.put down D.look down
小 结
以上讲了做完形的基本思路和方法，同学们还要注意克服四个不良习惯或错误心理：
1、对完形填空怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以致做题时处于心理紧张，不能准确理解文章。
2、只看设空的一句，不能上下联系。
3、容易受思维定势的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境下词汇的运用。
4、不能将自己融入文章中去理解、体会作者的心理、意图，而是做一个旁观者，容易产生误解。
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3