阅读理解专题训练指导教案[下学期]
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高三复习示范课教案
优秀教案选集（第一辑）
阅读理解专题训练指导教案
陈泽娟
课时安排：第一课时
本课类型：考试题型专题指导复习课
教学目的：指导学生做阅读理解题，学习解题技巧、方式，提高解题能力。
教学重点：培养下列两个方面的能力：①推理判断能力。
②猜测词汇意思的能力。
教学难点：推断作者的态度、意图。
教学工具：练习资料，投影机，投影片，电子计算机
教学过程：
第一步：组织教学
a . Greetings .
b . Student on duty reports the number of the class present .
第二步：进入课题
一、阅读理解能力主要从以下几个方面反映到所设计的试题上：
1 . 主旨大意题（文章的话题、中心思想、结构）(main ideas questions)
2 . 文章细节的理解题 (detail questions)
3 . 词汇意思题 (meaning matching questions)
4 . 推理判断题（文章的寓意、逻辑推理、判断）(inference questions)
二、解题：
1 . 推理判断题 ( inference questions )
常见的一些提问形式：
a . It can be inferred from the passage that ______ .
b . The author writes this passage mainly to ______ .
c . The passage suggests / implies that ______ .
d . The author implies that ______ .
e . Which of the following is implied but not stated in the passage
*. 通常从以下三方面来解推理判断题：
① 利用信息作推断。
材料1：
A person's age no longer tells you anything about his / her social position , marriage or health . There's no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family . The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school , get a job , or stop working isn't as strong as it used to be . It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother , or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time . Public ideas are changing .
Many people say , ' I am much younger than my mother --- or my father --- was
at my age ' . No one says ' Act your age ' any more . We've stopped looking with
surprise at older people who act in youthful ways .
# . If a 25-year-old man becomes a general manager of a big firm , the writer of the text would most probably consider it ______ .
A . normal B . wonderful C . unbelievable D . unreasonable
作者的观点在文章中已表露得很明显，他认为人们对年龄的观念在发生变化，29岁的年轻人当大学校长，35岁当祖母，不足为奇。那可以推断出，25岁的年轻人当大公司的总经理，也是很正常的了。所以答案是A。
材料2: （见阅读材料A）
问题1：What do we know about Frank
A. He was a lazy man. B. He was a lucky person.
C. He didn't make a lot of money. D. He didn't get on well with his boss.
材料A的第一段"Oh, no!" he thought to himself. "Another day at that office; the boss who shouts at me all the time."可以推断出Frank与老板的关系不好。于是选D项。
材料3：（见阅读材料C）
问题4：Tom would dance on a wooden plate held by a person who was eight feet tall
because ______.
A. the wooden plate would make it sound as if Tom were tap dancing
B. it made Tom feel taller
C. the eight-foot-tall man was the only tall person Tom trusted
D. the difference between them would make Tom look even smaller
马戏团的老板Mr. Barnum认为用两英寸高的小矮人Tom来表演会激起观众的兴趣。为了使效果更加明显，他让Tom在表演中假装与高个子搏斗。那么可推断出Tom在八英寸高的人举着的木版上面跳舞也是为了衬托出Tom的矮小，于是选D。
2 根据计算判断。
材料1：
Born in Sacramento , California , Joan Didion ( 1934 - ) began writing very young . At 13 she would copy pages from the writings of Hemingway and others in order to learn " how sentences worked ". Later , at the University of California at Berkeley , she studied literature and edited the school newspaper . Before her graduation in 1956 , she won Vogue magazine's Paris prize contest , for an article she had written .
The prize gave her the choice between a trip to Paris and a cash prize along with
a job at Vogue . She took the job , moved to New York and began her career as a magazine writer and editor .
#. How long did it take Didion to practise writing before she write the prize article
A . 20 years B . 22 years C . 5 years D . 9 years
根据文章内容，在时间数轴上标出已知情况，如：She was born in 1934 and won prize in 1956. was born aged 13 won prize
1934年 (1947年) 1956年
推断：At 13 she would copy pages from … in order to learn … That suggests she did this in 1947. 1956 - 1947 = 9 (years) 所以答案是D。
材料2：（见阅读材料B）
问题4：If a ring is marked 12K, then the percentage of gold in it is _______.
A. 12 B. 50 C. 25 D. 24
该材料提到纯金是24K，因此标有14K的一条项链就表示该项链的含金量是14，含其它金属量是10。那么可推断出：标有12K的一个戒指金的含量是50%。于是答案是B。
3 推断作者的态度、意图。
材料1：
" I would almost rather see you dead ," Robert S. Cassatt , a leading banker of Philadelphia , shouted when his twenty-year-old eldest daughter announced that she
wanted to become an artist … . （MET'90）
# . How did Mr. Cassatt react when his daughter made her announcement
A . He feared for her life . B . He was very angry .
C . He nearly killed her . D . He warned her .
第一句话为“我宁愿见你死”，言外之意，“也不愿见你当画家”。体会该句的语气，不难看出Mr. Cassatt是对女儿的决定十分生气。所以选B。
材料2：
A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday . " That's right ," said the old man , "Ninety-nine years old , and I haven't an enemy in the world . They're all dead ."
" Well sir ," said the interviewer , " I hope very much to have the honour of the interviewing you on your hundredth birthday ."
The old man looked at the young man closely , and said , " I can't see why you shouldn't . You look fit and healthy to me !" (MET'90)
#. What kind of man would you say the old man was
A . He was silly . B . He was unpleasant .
C . He was very proud and sure of his health .
D . He was very impolite to young people .
这篇短文是一高寿老人在刚过完99岁生日时接受记者采访时与记者的一段对话。题干的问题是“你认为这老人是一种什么样的人？”那么我们主要是对
老人所说的话去识别评价。从第一段，“没错，99岁，这世界我是一个敌人也
没有了，他们全死了。”可体会到他对自己高寿的自豪，而最后一段他的话“我
不明白你怎么不能来向我祝贺百岁寿辰，你看起来身体挺棒吗？”这句话又体现了老人对自己健康状况的自信。所以应该选C项。
材料3：
Sixty-year-old grandmother Fiona Ma Fee , is going to stop working next year and she decided to realize a childhood dream and sail around the coast of Scotland in a small boat …
We asked her if she was afraid of being at sea for so long . She said " Well , I'm going to take a good compass (指南针) . Anyway I'm not afraid of death because I love the sea --- I just hope it loves me ." …
#. When Fiona Ma Fee said " --- I just hope it loves me ." What she meant was
________.
A . Of course , it loves me , since I love it .
B . If I love it , it should love me .
C . I hope it will bring me a safe sailing as a return for my love of it .
D . I hope it will save my life when I am in time of danger .
文中的Fiona Ma Fee在60岁高龄时，为圆幼时的梦想，乘小船出海航行---她不是不知道有危险的，但是由于对大海的爱转而对大海的坚定信念，促使她乞望一帆风顺。从人物语气看，此处的爱决不是一般泛说的爱，而是一种具体的行动，即做为对我爱的回报，我希望大海保我一路平安，于是选C。
材料4：NMET'98的阅读理解A:(略)
54 . What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph
A . The roller stakes needed further improvement .
B . The party guests took Merlin for a fool .
C . Merlin succeeded beyond expection .
D . Merlin got himself into trouble .
此题是一道间接推理题，默林想出了一个手拉小提琴，脚穿滑轮鞋进化装舞会的主意，想给其他的客人留下深刻的印象，从最后一段可以得知他确实这样做到了。默林撞破了墙上的一面大镜子，但人们长期没有忘记默林的精彩入场。该题选C。
材料5：（看阅读材料C）
问题2：What does the author think about Tom Thumb's wedding
A. People gave it too much of their attention.
B. It help people cheer up in a dark time.
C. It was funny and ridiculous(荒谬可笑).
D. Tom and Lavinia were stupid.
从最后两段得知，Tom举行婚礼时刚好是美国内战时期，那时人们正受着
战争的困扰。而Tom和他的新娘Lavinia Warren是一对很有成就的小矮人，社会各界人士对他们的婚礼都感兴趣。这对新人甚至得到林肯总统的接见。国家各界团体都为他们举行婚礼。作者认为他们的婚礼是战争阴影中的一束阳光，于是我们可以推论出该题的答案是B。
2 . 词汇意思题 ( meaning matching questions )
比较常见的题型有：
a . The word " … " in line ( paragraph ) x most probably means ______ .
b . In paragraph x , the word " … " refers to _______ .
c . According to the passage , the word ( phrase , expression ) " … " in line x
probably means ______ .
d . " it " ( " they " ) in line x most probably refers to ______ .
# 猜测词义时，需要利用以下两方面知识：
1 利用词汇学知识。 ② 利用篇章结构知识。
例如：
1) As the disease developed to its advanced stage the cancer is inoperable .
[划线的词前缀in-表示否定，后缀-able表示“可……的”，“能……的”，中间词干是oper(ate)即“手术”，可得知这个词是“不可动手术的”]
2) There are different kinds of headaches . The most common one is the migraine headache . The term comes from a Greek hemicrania , meaning half a head .
[从meaning half a headaches，可判定“migraine”意为“偏头痛”。]
3) The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope , an instrument for listening to a patient's heartbeat and breathing .
[从同位语instrument可得知划线的词是“听诊器”]
4) If you keep bread too long , it becomes stale .
[becomes stale是系表结构，那么stale一定是形容词，根据生活常识，这个词是“不新鲜的”，“走了味的”。]
5) The bright sunlight reflected in the water dazzled my eyes .
[根据已知的词义“强烈的阳光”，“在水中”，“我的眼睛”能推断出三者之间的关系，相互影响而推测“reflected”为“反射”，“dazzled”为“耀眼”，“使眼花”。]
6) If you agree , write " yes "; if you dissent , write " no " .
[“yes”和“no”agree和dissent表示出来的分号也表明了对比，可见dissent为“不同意”。]
7) She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading . [划线的词是过去分词作形容词用。从句中的因果关系可得知：没听见说话的原因是“完全被吸引到阅读中去了”或者“在全神贯注地看书”。因此可推测出engrossed是“全神贯注的”。]
*. 练习（略）。
第三步：小结。
这节课我们学了在做阅读理解题中要培养的两个方面的能力：怎样解推理判断题和词汇意思题。注意板书出来的这几个方面。其中推理判断题中的推断作者的态度、意图是个难点，要引起重视。推断作者的态度往往由表及里准确把握字里行间的意思。切勿用自己的主观想法或用自己的观点代替文章作者的思想观点。一般说，作者的观点和态度是通过说话的语气，文章的措词、文体等反映出来的。
在阅读理解中我们还要注意培养另两个方面的能力，即主旨大意题和文章的细节理解题，我们另找时间来学习这两方面的解题。
第四步：作业。
1. 平时做阅读理解题时注意运用所学的方法解题。
2. 再做第一部分的阅读理解练习，思考一下文章的主旨大意题以及细节理解题
是怎样解题的。
版书设计
阅读理解（一）
利用信息
推理判断题 根据计算
推测作者的态度、意图
构词法
定义、解释、同位语
生活常识
词汇意思题 上下文提示
对比关系
因果关系
[备注：该教案用于1999年5月25日为汕头市高三级英语教师举行的公开课。]
自制多媒体教学软件—
教案
高考英语阅读理解题的解题方法
—潮阳一中刘永涉
一、The Teaching Main Points (教学要点)
1. 突出历年来高考英语阅读理解题的命题要点，为参加高考的学生们指明了做题的方向。
2. 以练为主，详细地分析高考英语阅读理解题的三种出题方式：1）.关于短文主旨大意的提问方式；2）.有关短文具体细节的提问方式；3）. 推理题。
二、Preparation Before Teaching (课前准备)
1.按照教学要点，把教学内容分为四个部分，编写教案、设计多媒体教学软件。
2.准备好教学使用的辅助工具。
三、The Teaching Procedures(教学过程)
导言:
高考阅读题材可能涉及科普读物1篇, 社会生活、人物故事1-2篇,新闻报道1篇,史地1篇,文体1篇。
New York, 10 November--5:27pm, yesterday. Biggest power failure in the city's history.
* Thousands of people got stuck in the lifts. Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building."There were twelve of us. But no one panicked. We passed the time telling stories and playing word games. One man wanted to smoke but we didn't let him. Firemen finally got us out." (NMET2000)
56. Throughout the period of the darkness, Martin Saltzman and the eleven others were _____ .
A. nervous B. excited C. calm D. frightened
出题内容:1. 材料的主旨和大意; 2. 主旨的事实和有关细节; 3. 根据上下文判断高考考纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义; 4. 理解单句的意义, 也理解字面的意义,并根据上下文之间的逻辑关系进行一定的判断、推理和引申; 5. 正确领会作者的观点和态度。
出题方式分为三类: 1.关于短文主旨大意的提问方式。2.有关短文具体细节的提问方式。3. 推理题。
<一>、关于短文主旨大意的提问方式
1. Today, roller skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasn't easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn't exist. ... On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. ...
71. The text is mainly about ____ .
A. a strange man
B. an unusual party
C. how roller skating began
D. how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century
2. Decision-thinking is not unlike poker--it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process(过程) is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers. (NMET2000)
64. The subject discussed in this text is ____ .
A. the process of reaching decisions
B. the difference between poker and chess
C. the secret of making good business plans
D. the value of information in winning games
关于短文主旨大意的提问方式还有以下几种方式:
1). The best title for this passage might be ____ .
2). The main idea of the passage is about _____ .
3). The article is written to explain _____ .
4). With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned
<二>.有关短文具体细节的提问方式。
1. Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them. (MET93)
72. From the text we learn that small children _____. (附加)
A. have little control of themselves
B. usually steal things but grow up honest
C. are usually kleptomaniacs
D. like to give things away
74. Which of the following words can best replace the word desire in the first sentence
A. chance B. power C. right D. wish
2.The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. (NMET98)
75. The words 'Youth Summit' refer to ____ .
A. visits to the Nixon Library
B. the Chinese students' visit to the U. S.
C. a meeting discussing relations between China and the U.S.
D. activities to strengthen the ties between the Chinese and American students
3.Excused from recycling(回收利用) because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute(垃圾道) You won't be for long. Miami's Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too. (NMET2000)
73. When he says "You won't be for long" the writer means that ______ .
A. you'll soon be living in a cleaner building
B. rubbish chutes will become out of date before long
C. you won't wait long for your turn to recycle your rubbish
D. it won't be long before you'll have to recycle your rubblish
<三>. 推理题(利用信息作推断;推断作者的态度或意图;根据计算判断)
其提问方式大体有两类:
第一类: 以infer (推断), imply(暗示),suggest,和 conclude(得出结论)的提问方式。
第二类: 在提问的方式中含有表示推测的情态动词和其它表可能性的词 : can, could, would, might, probably, most likely, ...
1. In Sweden dog owners must pay for any damage their dog does. A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means; if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car you, as the owner, have to pay for any damage done to the car, even if your dog has been killed in the accident. (NMET97)
82. Fom the text it can be inferred that in Sweden ____ .
A. dogs are welcome in public places
B. keeping dogs means asking for trouble
C. many car accidents are caused by dogs
D. people care much about dogs
2. ... That evening, Dick's girlfriend wore a new dress. He hated it. 'It looks just great on you,' he said. ..., ... . Although it is believed that things are getting worse, lying seems to be an age-old human problem. The French philosopher Vauvenarges, writing in the eighteen century, touched on the truth when he wrote, ' All men are born truthful and die liars (说谎者).' (NMET98)
80. Vauvenarges' remark suggests that ____ .
A. lying is an age-old human problem
B. dishonesty increases as people get older
C. people were dishonest in the 18th century
D. it is social conditions that make people tell lies
3.One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them "people -literate."...People don't have to learn computer terms(术语), but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming "people- liberate".
62. We can infer from the text that "computer-literate" means _____ .
A. being able to afford a computer
B. being able to write computer programs
C. working with the computer and finding out its value
D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it
4.It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother , or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing. (NMET97)
90. If a 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text would most probably consider it ____ .
A. normal B. wonderful C. unbelievable D. unreasonable
5.Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi'an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi, India.
When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi'an and his early dreams were coming true.
Robert Friedlander's next destination were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan.
70. Friedlander can be said to be _____ .
A. cleverB. friendlyC. hardworking D. strong-minded
（附加） Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his. I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door. He lifted his candle and I saw a dark figure on the ground. " She was such a good cow! I wouldn't let anyone but a doctor touch her! " he said, and burst into tears again. (MET94)
80. The person who told the story is probably a ____ .
A. farmer B. policeman C. country doctor D. newspaper reporter
<四>. 阅读理解练习题
When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying: "We have to go to work now," you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools, and that the "work" they go off to is to go on the stage in a theatre.
Stage schools often act as agencies(代理机构)to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name" stage school" are those few places where children attend full time, with a training for the theatre and a general education.
A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldn't settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day
Then of course they are times for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year; those over 13 do 80 days.
The schools themselves admit that not all children will be souccessful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who don't make it While all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, The facts seem to suggest this is not always the case. (NMET99)
72. People would stop feeling uneasy when realising that the children they 're talking to ____ .
A. attend a stage school B. are going to the theatre
C. have got some work to do D. love singing and dancing
73. In the writer's opinion, a good stage school should _____ .
A. produce star performers
B. help pupils improve their study skills
C. train pupils in language and performing arts
D. provide a general education and stage training
74. "Professional work" as used in the text means____ .
A. ordinary school work B. money-making performances
C. stage training at schoolD. acting, singing or dancing after class
75. Which of the following best describles how the writer feels about stage schools
A. He thinks highly of what they have to offer.
B. He favours an early start in the training of performing arts.
C. He feels uncomfortable about children putting on night shows.
D. He doubts the standard of ordinary education they have reached.
附加练习题
JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students--18 boys and 2 girls -- had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯) out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest(竟赛)on Tuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
Many of the problems are of collage lever and these pupils can figure them out . It is just unbelievable!' said a teacher from Guangdong province.
Named after China's most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by State Education Commission(国家教委) as the country's biggest and best contest of its kind.
71. This news story is mainly about ____ .
A. when the contest started B. how the contest got its name
C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
72. This news story most probably appeared in a newspaper in ____ .
A. 1986B. 1987C. 1995 D. 1997
73. It can be inferred from the text that the teacher from Guangdong province ____.
A. felt proud of the gold medal winners
B. wondered if the students were honest
C. thought that the problems were too difficult for the students
D. believed that the twenty winners could go to study at university
74. The underlinded phrase 'figure out' in the text means _____ .
A. work out B. add up C. guess D. study
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优秀教案选集（第一辑）
阅读理解专题训练指导教案
陈泽娟
课时安排：第一课时
本课类型：考试题型专题指导复习课
教学目的：指导学生做阅读理解题，学习解题技巧、方式，提高解题能力。
教学重点：培养下列两个方面的能力：①推理判断能力。
②猜测词汇意思的能力。
教学难点：推断作者的态度、意图。
教学工具：练习资料，投影机，投影片，电子计算机
教学过程：
第一步：组织教学
a . Greetings .
b . Student on duty reports the number of the class present .
第二步：进入课题
一、阅读理解能力主要从以下几个方面反映到所设计的试题上：
1 . 主旨大意题（文章的话题、中心思想、结构）(main ideas questions)
2 . 文章细节的理解题 (detail questions)
3 . 词汇意思题 (meaning matching questions)
4 . 推理判断题（文章的寓意、逻辑推理、判断）(inference questions)
二、解题：
1 . 推理判断题 ( inference questions )
常见的一些提问形式：
a . It can be inferred from the passage that ______ .
b . The author writes this passage mainly to ______ .
c . The passage suggests / implies that ______ .
d . The author implies that ______ .
e . Which of the following is implied but not stated in the passage
*. 通常从以下三方面来解推理判断题：
① 利用信息作推断。
材料1：
A person's age no longer tells you anything about his / her social position , marriage or health . There's no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family . The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school , get a job , or stop working isn't as strong as it used to be . It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother , or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time . Public ideas are changing .
Many people say , ' I am much younger than my mother --- or my father --- was
at my age ' . No one says ' Act your age ' any more . We've stopped looking with
surprise at older people who act in youthful ways .
# . If a 25-year-old man becomes a general manager of a big firm , the writer of the text would most probably consider it ______ .
A . normal B . wonderful C . unbelievable D . unreasonable
作者的观点在文章中已表露得很明显，他认为人们对年龄的观念在发生变化，29岁的年轻人当大学校长，35岁当祖母，不足为奇。那可以推断出，25岁的年轻人当大公司的总经理，也是很正常的了。所以答案是A。
材料2: （见阅读材料A）
问题1：What do we know about Frank
A. He was a lazy man. B. He was a lucky person.
C. He didn't make a lot of money. D. He didn't get on well with his boss.
材料A的第一段"Oh, no!" he thought to himself. "Another day at that office; the boss who shouts at me all the time."可以推断出Frank与老板的关系不好。于是选D项。
材料3：（见阅读材料C）
问题4：Tom would dance on a wooden plate held by a person who was eight feet tall
because ______.
A. the wooden plate would make it sound as if Tom were tap dancing
B. it made Tom feel taller
C. the eight-foot-tall man was the only tall person Tom trusted
D. the difference between them would make Tom look even smaller
马戏团的老板Mr. Barnum认为用两英寸高的小矮人Tom来表演会激起观众的兴趣。为了使效果更加明显，他让Tom在表演中假装与高个子搏斗。那么可推断出Tom在八英寸高的人举着的木版上面跳舞也是为了衬托出Tom的矮小，于是选D。
2 根据计算判断。
材料1：
Born in Sacramento , California , Joan Didion ( 1934 - ) began writing very young . At 13 she would copy pages from the writings of Hemingway and others in order to learn " how sentences worked ". Later , at the University of California at Berkeley , she studied literature and edited the school newspaper . Before her graduation in 1956 , she won Vogue magazine's Paris prize contest , for an article she had written .
The prize gave her the choice between a trip to Paris and a cash prize along with
a job at Vogue . She took the job , moved to New York and began her career as a magazine writer and editor .
#. How long did it take Didion to practise writing before she write the prize article
A . 20 years B . 22 years C . 5 years D . 9 years
根据文章内容，在时间数轴上标出已知情况，如：She was born in 1934 and won prize in 1956. was born aged 13 won prize
1934年 (1947年) 1956年
推断：At 13 she would copy pages from … in order to learn … That suggests she did this in 1947. 1956 - 1947 = 9 (years) 所以答案是D。
材料2：（见阅读材料B）
问题4：If a ring is marked 12K, then the percentage of gold in it is _______.
A. 12 B. 50 C. 25 D. 24
该材料提到纯金是24K，因此标有14K的一条项链就表示该项链的含金量是14，含其它金属量是10。那么可推断出：标有12K的一个戒指金的含量是50%。于是答案是B。
3 推断作者的态度、意图。
材料1：
" I would almost rather see you dead ," Robert S. Cassatt , a leading banker of Philadelphia , shouted when his twenty-year-old eldest daughter announced that she
wanted to become an artist … . （MET'90）
# . How did Mr. Cassatt react when his daughter made her announcement
A . He feared for her life . B . He was very angry .
C . He nearly killed her . D . He warned her .
第一句话为“我宁愿见你死”，言外之意，“也不愿见你当画家”。体会该句的语气，不难看出Mr. Cassatt是对女儿的决定十分生气。所以选B。
材料2：
A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday . " That's right ," said the old man , "Ninety-nine years old , and I haven't an enemy in the world . They're all dead ."
" Well sir ," said the interviewer , " I hope very much to have the honour of the interviewing you on your hundredth birthday ."
The old man looked at the young man closely , and said , " I can't see why you shouldn't . You look fit and healthy to me !" (MET'90)
#. What kind of man would you say the old man was
A . He was silly . B . He was unpleasant .
C . He was very proud and sure of his health .
D . He was very impolite to young people .
这篇短文是一高寿老人在刚过完99岁生日时接受记者采访时与记者的一段对话。题干的问题是“你认为这老人是一种什么样的人？”那么我们主要是对
老人所说的话去识别评价。从第一段，“没错，99岁，这世界我是一个敌人也
没有了，他们全死了。”可体会到他对自己高寿的自豪，而最后一段他的话“我
不明白你怎么不能来向我祝贺百岁寿辰，你看起来身体挺棒吗？”这句话又体现了老人对自己健康状况的自信。所以应该选C项。
材料3：
Sixty-year-old grandmother Fiona Ma Fee , is going to stop working next year and she decided to realize a childhood dream and sail around the coast of Scotland in a small boat …
We asked her if she was afraid of being at sea for so long . She said " Well , I'm going to take a good compass (指南针) . Anyway I'm not afraid of death because I love the sea --- I just hope it loves me ." …
#. When Fiona Ma Fee said " --- I just hope it loves me ." What she meant was
________.
A . Of course , it loves me , since I love it .
B . If I love it , it should love me .
C . I hope it will bring me a safe sailing as a return for my love of it .
D . I hope it will save my life when I am in time of danger .
文中的Fiona Ma Fee在60岁高龄时，为圆幼时的梦想，乘小船出海航行---她不是不知道有危险的，但是由于对大海的爱转而对大海的坚定信念，促使她乞望一帆风顺。从人物语气看，此处的爱决不是一般泛说的爱，而是一种具体的行动，即做为对我爱的回报，我希望大海保我一路平安，于是选C。
材料4：NMET'98的阅读理解A:(略)
54 . What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph
A . The roller stakes needed further improvement .
B . The party guests took Merlin for a fool .
C . Merlin succeeded beyond expection .
D . Merlin got himself into trouble .
此题是一道间接推理题，默林想出了一个手拉小提琴，脚穿滑轮鞋进化装舞会的主意，想给其他的客人留下深刻的印象，从最后一段可以得知他确实这样做到了。默林撞破了墙上的一面大镜子，但人们长期没有忘记默林的精彩入场。该题选C。
材料5：（看阅读材料C）
问题2：What does the author think about Tom Thumb's wedding
A. People gave it too much of their attention.
B. It help people cheer up in a dark time.
C. It was funny and ridiculous(荒谬可笑).
D. Tom and Lavinia were stupid.
从最后两段得知，Tom举行婚礼时刚好是美国内战时期，那时人们正受着
战争的困扰。而Tom和他的新娘Lavinia Warren是一对很有成就的小矮人，社会各界人士对他们的婚礼都感兴趣。这对新人甚至得到林肯总统的接见。国家各界团体都为他们举行婚礼。作者认为他们的婚礼是战争阴影中的一束阳光，于是我们可以推论出该题的答案是B。
2 . 词汇意思题 ( meaning matching questions )
比较常见的题型有：
a . The word " … " in line ( paragraph ) x most probably means ______ .
b . In paragraph x , the word " … " refers to _______ .
c . According to the passage , the word ( phrase , expression ) " … " in line x
probably means ______ .
d . " it " ( " they " ) in line x most probably refers to ______ .
# 猜测词义时，需要利用以下两方面知识：
1 利用词汇学知识。 ② 利用篇章结构知识。
例如：
1) As the disease developed to its advanced stage the cancer is inoperable .
[划线的词前缀in-表示否定，后缀-able表示“可……的”，“能……的”，中间词干是oper(ate)即“手术”，可得知这个词是“不可动手术的”]
2) There are different kinds of headaches . The most common one is the migraine headache . The term comes from a Greek hemicrania , meaning half a head .
[从meaning half a headaches，可判定“migraine”意为“偏头痛”。]
3) The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope , an instrument for listening to a patient's heartbeat and breathing .
[从同位语instrument可得知划线的词是“听诊器”]
4) If you keep bread too long , it becomes stale .
[becomes stale是系表结构，那么stale一定是形容词，根据生活常识，这个词是“不新鲜的”，“走了味的”。]
5) The bright sunlight reflected in the water dazzled my eyes .
[根据已知的词义“强烈的阳光”，“在水中”，“我的眼睛”能推断出三者之间的关系，相互影响而推测“reflected”为“反射”，“dazzled”为“耀眼”，“使眼花”。]
6) If you agree , write " yes "; if you dissent , write " no " .
[“yes”和“no”agree和dissent表示出来的分号也表明了对比，可见dissent为“不同意”。]
7) She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading . [划线的词是过去分词作形容词用。从句中的因果关系可得知：没听见说话的原因是“完全被吸引到阅读中去了”或者“在全神贯注地看书”。因此可推测出engrossed是“全神贯注的”。]
*. 练习（略）。
第三步：小结。
这节课我们学了在做阅读理解题中要培养的两个方面的能力：怎样解推理判断题和词汇意思题。注意板书出来的这几个方面。其中推理判断题中的推断作者的态度、意图是个难点，要引起重视。推断作者的态度往往由表及里准确把握字里行间的意思。切勿用自己的主观想法或用自己的观点代替文章作者的思想观点。一般说，作者的观点和态度是通过说话的语气，文章的措词、文体等反映出来的。
在阅读理解中我们还要注意培养另两个方面的能力，即主旨大意题和文章的细节理解题，我们另找时间来学习这两方面的解题。
第四步：作业。
1. 平时做阅读理解题时注意运用所学的方法解题。
2. 再做第一部分的阅读理解练习，思考一下文章的主旨大意题以及细节理解题
是怎样解题的。
版书设计
阅读理解（一）
利用信息
推理判断题 根据计算
推测作者的态度、意图
构词法
定义、解释、同位语
生活常识
词汇意思题 上下文提示
对比关系
因果关系
[备注：该教案用于1999年5月25日为汕头市高三级英语教师举行的公开课。]
自制多媒体教学软件—
教案
高考英语阅读理解题的解题方法
—潮阳一中刘永涉
一、The Teaching Main Points (教学要点)
1. 突出历年来高考英语阅读理解题的命题要点，为参加高考的学生们指明了做题的方向。
2. 以练为主，详细地分析高考英语阅读理解题的三种出题方式：1）.关于短文主旨大意的提问方式；2）.有关短文具体细节的提问方式；3）. 推理题。
二、Preparation Before Teaching (课前准备)
1.按照教学要点，把教学内容分为四个部分，编写教案、设计多媒体教学软件。
2.准备好教学使用的辅助工具。
三、The Teaching Procedures(教学过程)
导言:
高考阅读题材可能涉及科普读物1篇, 社会生活、人物故事1-2篇,新闻报道1篇,史地1篇,文体1篇。
New York, 10 November--5:27pm, yesterday. Biggest power failure in the city's history.
* Thousands of people got stuck in the lifts. Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building."There were twelve of us. But no one panicked. We passed the time telling stories and playing word games. One man wanted to smoke but we didn't let him. Firemen finally got us out." (NMET2000)
56. Throughout the period of the darkness, Martin Saltzman and the eleven others were _____ .
A. nervous B. excited C. calm D. frightened
出题内容:1. 材料的主旨和大意; 2. 主旨的事实和有关细节; 3. 根据上下文判断高考考纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义; 4. 理解单句的意义, 也理解字面的意义,并根据上下文之间的逻辑关系进行一定的判断、推理和引申; 5. 正确领会作者的观点和态度。
出题方式分为三类: 1.关于短文主旨大意的提问方式。2.有关短文具体细节的提问方式。3. 推理题。
<一>、关于短文主旨大意的提问方式
1. Today, roller skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasn't easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn't exist. ... On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. ...
71. The text is mainly about ____ .
A. a strange man
B. an unusual party
C. how roller skating began
D. how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century
2. Decision-thinking is not unlike poker--it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process(过程) is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers. (NMET2000)
64. The subject discussed in this text is ____ .
A. the process of reaching decisions
B. the difference between poker and chess
C. the secret of making good business plans
D. the value of information in winning games
关于短文主旨大意的提问方式还有以下几种方式:
1). The best title for this passage might be ____ .
2). The main idea of the passage is about _____ .
3). The article is written to explain _____ .
4). With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned
<二>.有关短文具体细节的提问方式。
1. Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them. (MET93)
72. From the text we learn that small children _____. (附加)
A. have little control of themselves
B. usually steal things but grow up honest
C. are usually kleptomaniacs
D. like to give things away
74. Which of the following words can best replace the word desire in the first sentence
A. chance B. power C. right D. wish
2.The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. (NMET98)
75. The words 'Youth Summit' refer to ____ .
A. visits to the Nixon Library
B. the Chinese students' visit to the U. S.
C. a meeting discussing relations between China and the U.S.
D. activities to strengthen the ties between the Chinese and American students
3.Excused from recycling(回收利用) because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute(垃圾道) You won't be for long. Miami's Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too. (NMET2000)
73. When he says "You won't be for long" the writer means that ______ .
A. you'll soon be living in a cleaner building
B. rubbish chutes will become out of date before long
C. you won't wait long for your turn to recycle your rubbish
D. it won't be long before you'll have to recycle your rubblish
<三>. 推理题(利用信息作推断;推断作者的态度或意图;根据计算判断)
其提问方式大体有两类:
第一类: 以infer (推断), imply(暗示),suggest,和 conclude(得出结论)的提问方式。
第二类: 在提问的方式中含有表示推测的情态动词和其它表可能性的词 : can, could, would, might, probably, most likely, ...
1. In Sweden dog owners must pay for any damage their dog does. A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means; if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car you, as the owner, have to pay for any damage done to the car, even if your dog has been killed in the accident. (NMET97)
82. Fom the text it can be inferred that in Sweden ____ .
A. dogs are welcome in public places
B. keeping dogs means asking for trouble
C. many car accidents are caused by dogs
D. people care much about dogs
2. ... That evening, Dick's girlfriend wore a new dress. He hated it. 'It looks just great on you,' he said. ..., ... . Although it is believed that things are getting worse, lying seems to be an age-old human problem. The French philosopher Vauvenarges, writing in the eighteen century, touched on the truth when he wrote, ' All men are born truthful and die liars (说谎者).' (NMET98)
80. Vauvenarges' remark suggests that ____ .
A. lying is an age-old human problem
B. dishonesty increases as people get older
C. people were dishonest in the 18th century
D. it is social conditions that make people tell lies
3.One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them "people -literate."...People don't have to learn computer terms(术语), but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming "people- liberate".
62. We can infer from the text that "computer-literate" means _____ .
A. being able to afford a computer
B. being able to write computer programs
C. working with the computer and finding out its value
D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it
4.It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother , or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing. (NMET97)
90. If a 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text would most probably consider it ____ .
A. normal B. wonderful C. unbelievable D. unreasonable
5.Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi'an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi, India.
When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi'an and his early dreams were coming true.
Robert Friedlander's next destination were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan.
70. Friedlander can be said to be _____ .
A. cleverB. friendlyC. hardworking D. strong-minded
（附加） Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his. I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door. He lifted his candle and I saw a dark figure on the ground. " She was such a good cow! I wouldn't let anyone but a doctor touch her! " he said, and burst into tears again. (MET94)
80. The person who told the story is probably a ____ .
A. farmer B. policeman C. country doctor D. newspaper reporter
<四>. 阅读理解练习题
When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying: "We have to go to work now," you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools, and that the "work" they go off to is to go on the stage in a theatre.
Stage schools often act as agencies(代理机构)to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name" stage school" are those few places where children attend full time, with a training for the theatre and a general education.
A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldn't settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day
Then of course they are times for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year; those over 13 do 80 days.
The schools themselves admit that not all children will be souccessful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who don't make it While all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, The facts seem to suggest this is not always the case. (NMET99)
72. People would stop feeling uneasy when realising that the children they 're talking to ____ .
A. attend a stage school B. are going to the theatre
C. have got some work to do D. love singing and dancing
73. In the writer's opinion, a good stage school should _____ .
A. produce star performers
B. help pupils improve their study skills
C. train pupils in language and performing arts
D. provide a general education and stage training
74. "Professional work" as used in the text means____ .
A. ordinary school work B. money-making performances
C. stage training at schoolD. acting, singing or dancing after class
75. Which of the following best describles how the writer feels about stage schools
A. He thinks highly of what they have to offer.
B. He favours an early start in the training of performing arts.
C. He feels uncomfortable about children putting on night shows.
D. He doubts the standard of ordinary education they have reached.
附加练习题
JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students--18 boys and 2 girls -- had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯) out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest(竟赛)on Tuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
Many of the problems are of collage lever and these pupils can figure them out . It is just unbelievable!' said a teacher from Guangdong province.
Named after China's most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by State Education Commission(国家教委) as the country's biggest and best contest of its kind.
71. This news story is mainly about ____ .
A. when the contest started B. how the contest got its name
C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
72. This news story most probably appeared in a newspaper in ____ .
A. 1986B. 1987C. 1995 D. 1997
73. It can be inferred from the text that the teacher from Guangdong province ____.
A. felt proud of the gold medal winners
B. wondered if the students were honest
C. thought that the problems were too difficult for the students
D. believed that the twenty winners could go to study at university
74. The underlinded phrase 'figure out' in the text means _____ .
A. work out B. add up C. guess D. study
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