读写任务议论文写作导练[下学期]
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读写任务议论文写作导练
(一)
阅读下面这篇短文，按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
No one can believe that the over 6,300-kilometer Great Wall might disappear some day. Believe it or not, the Great Wall is being destroyed by people. Less than 20 percent of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty is still perfect, but about 80 percent is in danger. The Great Wall can be called “great” mostly because of its amazing length. But we should realize that the length was made up of one brick at a time. If we do nothing to save the Great Wall, it will become a series of separate wasteland rather than a historic site.
The Great Wall is actually a series of walls built and rebuilt by different dynasties over the past 2,000 years. It began in the rule of China’s first emperor, Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC—206 BC), and lasted into the Ming Dynasty. The parts built before the Ming Dynasty have nearly disappeared. The bricks on the Great Wall are carried off by countryside people to build their houses, sheep corrals and pigsties. Some were taken away to build roads. Bricks carved with people’s names are put away as remembrances. Rubbish is spread over the battlements. The bricks can be sold for 15 yuan per tractor load. Those who destroyed and are destroying the Wall know its name, but are not clear about its cultural meaning. It will take a long time to let them know this. The local farmers not only carried off the body of the Wall but also dug out the entire base.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“如何保护我国的文化遗产”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你是如何看待我国的文化遗产遭到破坏的现象的？
b)保护文化遗产有何意义；
c)保护我国的文化遗产的建议。
(注：因[写作要求][评分标准]与第一篇相同而省略，以下同)
[写作指导]
(1)确定体裁：阅读材料，可以了解到万里长城目前因为种种原因遭到了破坏，并以小见大，引发对我国其它历史文化遗产保护的必要，要求写一篇议论文。
(2)拟定标题：How to protect the cultural heritages in our country？
(3)如何概括：①找出论点(Great Wall might disappear some day)和论据(the Great Wall is being destroyed by people: to build their houses, sheep corrals and pigsties; to build roads; sold for 15 yuan per tractor load)；②用自己的话将上述论点和论据表达出来。
(4)发表看法：①提出问题并加以分析：如何看待我国的文化遗产遭到破坏的现象，并分析其产生的根源；②问题的支持：写保护文化遗产有何意义；③问题的解决：提出保护我国文化遗产的具体措施。
(佛山 胡邦仁)
(二)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
You must have heard stress contributes to 80% of major illness and is responsible for 75% to 90% of doctor’s visits. But that’s not stress; it’s distress. “Stress is the only anti-aging agent we know of – the exact opposite of what we think,” says psychologist James E. Loehr.
What really brings happiness is meeting obstacles and overcoming them. The damage occurs when stress levels never go down. A recent study showed it took nine days longer for the constantly stressed family caregivers of chronically(慢性地) ill patients to heal from wounds than it took other people the same age. Stress is essential. Life without it would be like having a brand-new cherry-red Porsche and driving it only in the driveway.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2) 然后以约120个词就“你如何看待压力”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你是如何看待压力的？
b)在你的学习或生活中压力是否大？如何正视压力？
[写作指导]
(1)扼要概括：本文的论点、论据、结论。
论点 Stress is the only anti-aging agent we know of
论据 Distress contributes to 80% of major illness and is responsible for 75% to 90% of doctor’s visits.
结论 Stress would bring you happiness.
用自己的话表达：
论点→stress is not an obstacle but a power in our life, it is good for us to stay young.
论据和结论→According to the study, we know that stress is necessary in our life, which can motivate us to go ahead.
(2)构思经历：作者认为压力是抗衰老的有效药剂，生活的真正快乐来源于压力给予我们的不断的动力。因此，可以介绍我们在平时学习中是如何将压力变为动力，及如何正视压力。
(中山 肖维娜)
(三)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increase correspondingly(相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.
Why is work good for health It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.
Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“努力学习，快乐生活”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你赞同“努力学习也可以快乐生活”这一观点吗？为什么？
b)举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的？
c)简述如何才能做到努力学习并快乐生活？
[写作要求]
(1)可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
(2)标题自定。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作指导]
(1)拟定标题：根据议论的主题及写作内容确定标题：Study hard and enjoy yourselves。
(3)扼要概括：找出议论文的基本要素，然后用自己的话表达出来。
论点—观点 work is helpful to health
论证—理由 a. work keeps people busy, away from lonelinessb. work serves as a bridge between man and realityc. work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement
(3)确立观点，实施论证：首先要定好自己的观点，不一定是自己本来持有的观点，主要是看文章怎么好写就怎样立论。然后，根据所给“写作内容”进行构思，此处要求举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的，那么，写之前可以想一想平时的学习过程中，什么时候会发笑，会高兴，再把它们搬到同学的身上，用第三人称即可。如一起分享攻克难题后的喜悦；新学会的谚语刚好应景而生；开同学一个无伤大雅的玩笑；学习之余，抽半个小时来一场三人小组篮球赛进行自我调节等等。
论点—观点 the harder you work, the happier you will be
论证—理由 a. hard work can keep a person busy;b. hard work can make one feel fruitful and proud of himself;c. the above factors can lead to a healthy body.
最后，用一两句话简述你的看法。
(广州 李渊)
(四)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerable, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of the environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(受阻碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be proved by the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster(寄养) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his brother.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“环境与人的智力发展”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你是否赞同“环境决定智力的发展”这一观点？为什么？
b)请举出具体事例说明你的观点；
c)你认为如何才能最大限度地发展智力？
[写作指导]
(1)扼要概括：找出并转述议论文的基本要素。
论点—观点 The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence
论证—理由 If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
论据—事例 the identical twins brought up in separate environment.
(2)确立观点，实施论证：首先要定好自己的观点，然后也可以按上面的表格去构思。现以“环境决定人的智力发展”这一观点为例：
论点—观点 Environment is a key factor to the development of a person’s intelligence
论证—理由 Environment can offer more opportunities to increase his knowledge and broaden the horizons as well as the chances to practise.
论据—事例 Zhongyong （中国古代故事--《伤仲永》）
除了这些，要紧靠主题，从环境入手，阐述你对如何才能最大限度地发展智力的看法。
(广州 李渊)
(五)
阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Years ago it was very difficult to travel from one place to another. The journeys were often long, tiring and dangerous. Today the picture has changed. Science has improved transportation and communication facilities a great deal. Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical.
Traveling—whether within one’s country or abroad—brings many invaluable benefits. People travel for pleasure, business or for education and knowledge. In the world of yesterday most people were only able to read about strange and fascinating places across the mountains and seas. Later, with the coming of the cinema and television, man’s curiosity about faraway places with strange sounding names was further stirred up. Today man’s curiosity can be satisfied in luxurious comfort. There are first-class ships and airplanes to take him where his dreams lie.
We travel to increase our knowledge of the world in which we live. Knowledge obtained from books alone is not enough. New knowledge of different lands and peoples enrich our mind and soul. Books generally do not give us a very true picture of lands beyond our shores. Some of them are even misleading.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“现代交通的利与弊”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)通过古今对比说明现代交通给我们带来的好处；
b)现代交通方式给我们带来的负面影响；
c)就如何消除这些负面影响提出你的建议。
[写作指导]
(1)写摘要：首先，找准主题句，①Science has improved transportation and communication facilities a great deal. Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical.(第一段最后两句) ②论点：Traveling brings many invaluable benefits.(第二段第一句)；论据是：People travel for pleasure, business or for education and knowledge. (第二段第二句) We travel to increase our knowledge of the world. (第三段第一句)。然后，用一两句自己的话把他们有机地联系起来。
(2)列要点：根据要点列提纲，表达个人看法。
Para. 2: advantages—In the past…. But now…
disadvantages—air pollution, traffic jams, lack of energy…
Para. 3: suggestions—a) make rules b) use bicycles instead of cars
(3)扩展成句，连句成文：①使用句子连接。如，用I can’t agree more.把摘要和个人看法联接起来。②使用连词或连接性副词。如：a)also b) Firstly…. Secondly… c) To begin with… What’s more /Besides /Moreover… Last but not least …
(广州 帅飞飞)
(六)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
When we meet with difficulties in life, we notice that some of us choose to bury heads in the sand. Unfortunately, however, this attitude will do you no good, because if you have no courage to face them, how can you conquer them Thus, be optimistic; as it can give you confidence and help you see yourself through the hard times.
Keeping optimistic, you will be able to realize, in spite of some hardship, there’s always hope waiting for you, which will lead you to the ultimate success. Thomas Edison is optimistic; if not, the light of hope in his heart could not give light to the whole world. Alfred Nobel is optimistic; if not, the explosives and the Nobel Prize would not have come into being.
A rose may be beautiful, or may be not. That depends on your attitude only. So does success, and so does life. Difficulties do exist, but if you are optimistic, then they are only episodes(插曲) on your long way to success; there are more bridges than obstacles! The great British poet Shelley’s lines say, “If winter comes, can spring be far behind
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“人为什么要乐观？”的主题发表看法，并以自己的亲身体验为例，说明乐观至少有下列好处：
a)使人身心健康；
b)使人每天心情愉悦，开心度过每一天；
c)使我们能够勇敢地面对学习中所遇到的挫折；
d)使人性格随和，能与他人和谐相处。
[写作指导](略)
(深圳 叶将花)
(七)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Competition and Cooperation
Competition is common in our daily life now, and it exists everywhere. But it is very important. We always expect to do better than others in study, sports, and business and so on. It is believed that in a certain sense competition can propel the advancement of our society.
For example, to build a skyscraper we need the combined efforts of the workers, or a beautiful blueprint would never be turned into a high building. A cooperative architect will not shut himself in his office. Instead, he will visit the construction site and talk with other engineers and the workers to solve the problems that occur in the process of construction. A cooperative worker bears in mind the designs of the engineers every moment he is on the scaffold. A smart building is the crystallization of collective wisdom and skills.
On the other hand, competition is also important in modern society. If you were a businessman and want customers to buy your products, you have to compete with others. If you want to find a good job you have to be competitive. What’s more, by attempting to compete at different activities, we learn to win and to lose. We learn our strengths and weaknesses.
Cooperation and competition are closely related. Actually both of them are required in many activities. For instance, in learning English, we compete with each other. As a result, we all make great progress. But in the meantime, our study also demands teamwork. We often help each other by pointing out each other’s mistakes and exchanging ideas.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“竞争与合作”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)竞争是我们生活中一种普遍现象；
b)竞争和合作是密不可分的；
c)我的看法。
[写作指导](略)
(茂名 苏伟)
参考范文
(一) How to protect the cultural heritages in our country？
The Great Wall is one of the Seven Wonders of the World and a symbol of the ancient Chinese civilization, but now it is in danger and some day it may disappear because of some local people’s destroy.
What a pity！As we can see，some other valuable and important relics in our country have been destroying as well. Why are some people doing that so foolishly？Because the local people are not aware of their importance. Cultural heritages are left to us by our ancestors and are also symbols of their wisdoms, which played a very important role in history.
How should we protect our Cultural heritages In my opinion, firstly, we should make some people who lack of cultural knowledge know about the importance of the historic relics. Destroying them means destroying ourselves. Secondly, the government should take some measures to protect them, and if necessary, laws will be made to punish those who destroy them on purpose. Only in this way can we make our history richer and richer.
(二) Stress keeps you young
The passage tells us that stress is not an obstacle but a power of success in your life. What’s more, it is good for us to stay young. According to the study, we know that stress is necessary in our life, which can motivate us to go ahead.
Everyone is affected by stressful situations. How to manage your stress I hold the same view with the author: stress is essential and we should be lucky to be together with it. As for me, I am keen on studying and enjoy the stress from study now. Once upon a time, I was discouraged because of too much stress from heavy study task. Later, I found the key to taking stress head-on is being relaxed. The better you relax, the better mood you can get from study. Don’t be pessimistic when stress comes into view, maybe it’s a turning point in your life.
(三) Study hard and enjoy yourselves
The author highlights the effect of work on people’s health, because it can rid one of loneliness, and make one feel fruitful and proud of himself, which always contributes to a good body.
In common with the author, I agree that the harder you work, the happier you will be, as hard work can keep a person busy, and gives one a sense of achievement, hence he will be self-confident and feel happy.
Around me, some of my classmates work very hard, hoping to fulfill their dream. However, they don’t seem unhappy. Oppositely, they try to find fun even under the pressure of the NMET. For example, they may share the joy with others when working out a problem. Sometimes they may play a trick on his partner using the newly-learned idioms, thus refresh themselves quickly.
As for me, I think only when we truly experience what fun it is, can we spare no effort to study hard and meanwhile enjoy ourselves.
(四)How to fully develop our intelligence
The writer argues in support of the importance of environment in terms of the development of a person’s intelligence by giving an example of a twin brothers, who were brought up in different environment.
Personally, I believe environment is crucial to an individual intelligence, as a good environment can offer more opportunities to increase his knowledge and broaden the horizons as well as the chances to practise.
There was such a famous example in Chinese history. Zhongyong, born with a high IQ, distinguished himself by reciting and even writing poems as a child, which astonished others. Unfortunately, his father didn’t offer him a good environment to foster him but instead, he often took him everywhere to show off his intelligence. Gradually, Zhongyong became an ordinary person.
Thus, I think we, including our parents, our teacher, even the whole society, should try to create a good environment for the children to fully develop their intelligence, and for the children, they should also learn to exploit everything available to develop themselves.
(五)On Modern Transportation
With the help of science, transportation makes traveling safer and easier, which brings lots of benefits like satisfying man’s curiosity and increasing man’s knowledge of the world.
I can’t agree more. As the legend goes: To carry the news of the Greek victory, Pheidippides, a professional runner, had to run 42 kilometers without stopping. He dropped dead of exhaustion after shouting, “Rejoice, we conquer!” That happened in 490BC, but now it’s easy for us to cover this distance by car. With the help of modern transportation, we can go everywhere we prefer to. Even the journey to outer space is not a dream any more.
Despite the obvious advantages of modern transportation, it has also created many negative effects such as air pollution, traffic jams and lack of energy. To solve the problems, in my mind, there are two ways. On one hand, rules should be made for drivers to follow. On the other hand, if possible, we’d better use bicycles instead of cars to save energy as well as easing traffic jams.
(六)Keeping optimistic
We can know from the passage if we are optimistic we can conquer different kinds of difficulties in life when we meet them, and we will succeed in the end.
In my study, I will get discouraged when I fail in an exam. I think I’m hopeless and can’t go to my ideal university. Whenever I am in bad mood, my teachers, especially my homeroom teacher, encourages me to be optimistic by saying the proverb “Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.” They also tell me to study harder and give me good advice on my study. I’m grateful to them and agree with them. From now on, I’ll no longer feel frustrated when I fail in an exam. On the contrary, I will still keep optimistic and study harder because I know failure is the mother of success. As long as I don’t lose heart and work hard, I’m sure I’ll succeed in the end.
(七) How do you think about competition and cooperation
Competition and competition are a common phenomenon in our society. Cooperation and competition are both important, and are both involved in every field of our life and work.
It is often believed, that competition and cooperation are in opposition to each other. Some people stress competition, without which, in their eyes, there is no responsibility, no drive and ultimately, no progress. Others advocate cooperation whatever they do.
We are all familiar with the Chinese saying that “When everybody adds fuel, the flame goes high.” Competition characterizes the present world. However, without cooperation, this world would become an animal world. We can’t look on cooperation as the opposite of competition. In most cases we can’t do competition without cooperation. For example, in team work every member of the team is doing his best for the team to compete others.
In my opinion, we should never forget cooperation. In our social life, cooperation is especially necessary. So I’ve come to the conclusion that competition is equally important.
责任编校 蒋小青
1
读写任务议论文写作导练
(一)
阅读下面这篇短文，按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
No one can believe that the over 6,300-kilometer Great Wall might disappear some day. Believe it or not, the Great Wall is being destroyed by people. Less than 20 percent of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty is still perfect, but about 80 percent is in danger. The Great Wall can be called “great” mostly because of its amazing length. But we should realize that the length was made up of one brick at a time. If we do nothing to save the Great Wall, it will become a series of separate wasteland rather than a historic site.
The Great Wall is actually a series of walls built and rebuilt by different dynasties over the past 2,000 years. It began in the rule of China’s first emperor, Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC—206 BC), and lasted into the Ming Dynasty. The parts built before the Ming Dynasty have nearly disappeared. The bricks on the Great Wall are carried off by countryside people to build their houses, sheep corrals and pigsties. Some were taken away to build roads. Bricks carved with people’s names are put away as remembrances. Rubbish is spread over the battlements. The bricks can be sold for 15 yuan per tractor load. Those who destroyed and are destroying the Wall know its name, but are not clear about its cultural meaning. It will take a long time to let them know this. The local farmers not only carried off the body of the Wall but also dug out the entire base.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“如何保护我国的文化遗产”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你是如何看待我国的文化遗产遭到破坏的现象的？
b)保护文化遗产有何意义；
c)保护我国的文化遗产的建议。
(注：因[写作要求][评分标准]与第一篇相同而省略，以下同)
[写作指导]
(1)确定体裁：阅读材料，可以了解到万里长城目前因为种种原因遭到了破坏，并以小见大，引发对我国其它历史文化遗产保护的必要，要求写一篇议论文。
(2)拟定标题：How to protect the cultural heritages in our country？
(3)如何概括：①找出论点(Great Wall might disappear some day)和论据(the Great Wall is being destroyed by people: to build their houses, sheep corrals and pigsties; to build roads; sold for 15 yuan per tractor load)；②用自己的话将上述论点和论据表达出来。
(4)发表看法：①提出问题并加以分析：如何看待我国的文化遗产遭到破坏的现象，并分析其产生的根源；②问题的支持：写保护文化遗产有何意义；③问题的解决：提出保护我国文化遗产的具体措施。
(佛山 胡邦仁)
(二)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
You must have heard stress contributes to 80% of major illness and is responsible for 75% to 90% of doctor’s visits. But that’s not stress; it’s distress. “Stress is the only anti-aging agent we know of – the exact opposite of what we think,” says psychologist James E. Loehr.
What really brings happiness is meeting obstacles and overcoming them. The damage occurs when stress levels never go down. A recent study showed it took nine days longer for the constantly stressed family caregivers of chronically(慢性地) ill patients to heal from wounds than it took other people the same age. Stress is essential. Life without it would be like having a brand-new cherry-red Porsche and driving it only in the driveway.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2) 然后以约120个词就“你如何看待压力”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你是如何看待压力的？
b)在你的学习或生活中压力是否大？如何正视压力？
[写作指导]
(1)扼要概括：本文的论点、论据、结论。
论点 Stress is the only anti-aging agent we know of
论据 Distress contributes to 80% of major illness and is responsible for 75% to 90% of doctor’s visits.
结论 Stress would bring you happiness.
用自己的话表达：
论点→stress is not an obstacle but a power in our life, it is good for us to stay young.
论据和结论→According to the study, we know that stress is necessary in our life, which can motivate us to go ahead.
(2)构思经历：作者认为压力是抗衰老的有效药剂，生活的真正快乐来源于压力给予我们的不断的动力。因此，可以介绍我们在平时学习中是如何将压力变为动力，及如何正视压力。
(中山 肖维娜)
(三)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increase correspondingly(相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.
Why is work good for health It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.
Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“努力学习，快乐生活”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你赞同“努力学习也可以快乐生活”这一观点吗？为什么？
b)举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的？
c)简述如何才能做到努力学习并快乐生活？
[写作要求]
(1)可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
(2)标题自定。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作指导]
(1)拟定标题：根据议论的主题及写作内容确定标题：Study hard and enjoy yourselves。
(3)扼要概括：找出议论文的基本要素，然后用自己的话表达出来。
论点—观点 work is helpful to health
论证—理由 a. work keeps people busy, away from lonelinessb. work serves as a bridge between man and realityc. work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement
(3)确立观点，实施论证：首先要定好自己的观点，不一定是自己本来持有的观点，主要是看文章怎么好写就怎样立论。然后，根据所给“写作内容”进行构思，此处要求举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的，那么，写之前可以想一想平时的学习过程中，什么时候会发笑，会高兴，再把它们搬到同学的身上，用第三人称即可。如一起分享攻克难题后的喜悦；新学会的谚语刚好应景而生；开同学一个无伤大雅的玩笑；学习之余，抽半个小时来一场三人小组篮球赛进行自我调节等等。
论点—观点 the harder you work, the happier you will be
论证—理由 a. hard work can keep a person busy;b. hard work can make one feel fruitful and proud of himself;c. the above factors can lead to a healthy body.
最后，用一两句话简述你的看法。
(广州 李渊)
(四)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerable, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of the environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(受阻碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be proved by the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster(寄养) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his brother.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“环境与人的智力发展”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你是否赞同“环境决定智力的发展”这一观点？为什么？
b)请举出具体事例说明你的观点；
c)你认为如何才能最大限度地发展智力？
[写作指导]
(1)扼要概括：找出并转述议论文的基本要素。
论点—观点 The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence
论证—理由 If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
论据—事例 the identical twins brought up in separate environment.
(2)确立观点，实施论证：首先要定好自己的观点，然后也可以按上面的表格去构思。现以“环境决定人的智力发展”这一观点为例：
论点—观点 Environment is a key factor to the development of a person’s intelligence
论证—理由 Environment can offer more opportunities to increase his knowledge and broaden the horizons as well as the chances to practise.
论据—事例 Zhongyong （中国古代故事--《伤仲永》）
除了这些，要紧靠主题，从环境入手，阐述你对如何才能最大限度地发展智力的看法。
(广州 李渊)
(五)
阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Years ago it was very difficult to travel from one place to another. The journeys were often long, tiring and dangerous. Today the picture has changed. Science has improved transportation and communication facilities a great deal. Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical.
Traveling—whether within one’s country or abroad—brings many invaluable benefits. People travel for pleasure, business or for education and knowledge. In the world of yesterday most people were only able to read about strange and fascinating places across the mountains and seas. Later, with the coming of the cinema and television, man’s curiosity about faraway places with strange sounding names was further stirred up. Today man’s curiosity can be satisfied in luxurious comfort. There are first-class ships and airplanes to take him where his dreams lie.
We travel to increase our knowledge of the world in which we live. Knowledge obtained from books alone is not enough. New knowledge of different lands and peoples enrich our mind and soul. Books generally do not give us a very true picture of lands beyond our shores. Some of them are even misleading.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“现代交通的利与弊”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)通过古今对比说明现代交通给我们带来的好处；
b)现代交通方式给我们带来的负面影响；
c)就如何消除这些负面影响提出你的建议。
[写作指导]
(1)写摘要：首先，找准主题句，①Science has improved transportation and communication facilities a great deal. Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical.(第一段最后两句) ②论点：Traveling brings many invaluable benefits.(第二段第一句)；论据是：People travel for pleasure, business or for education and knowledge. (第二段第二句) We travel to increase our knowledge of the world. (第三段第一句)。然后，用一两句自己的话把他们有机地联系起来。
(2)列要点：根据要点列提纲，表达个人看法。
Para. 2: advantages—In the past…. But now…
disadvantages—air pollution, traffic jams, lack of energy…
Para. 3: suggestions—a) make rules b) use bicycles instead of cars
(3)扩展成句，连句成文：①使用句子连接。如，用I can’t agree more.把摘要和个人看法联接起来。②使用连词或连接性副词。如：a)also b) Firstly…. Secondly… c) To begin with… What’s more /Besides /Moreover… Last but not least …
(广州 帅飞飞)
(六)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
When we meet with difficulties in life, we notice that some of us choose to bury heads in the sand. Unfortunately, however, this attitude will do you no good, because if you have no courage to face them, how can you conquer them Thus, be optimistic; as it can give you confidence and help you see yourself through the hard times.
Keeping optimistic, you will be able to realize, in spite of some hardship, there’s always hope waiting for you, which will lead you to the ultimate success. Thomas Edison is optimistic; if not, the light of hope in his heart could not give light to the whole world. Alfred Nobel is optimistic; if not, the explosives and the Nobel Prize would not have come into being.
A rose may be beautiful, or may be not. That depends on your attitude only. So does success, and so does life. Difficulties do exist, but if you are optimistic, then they are only episodes(插曲) on your long way to success; there are more bridges than obstacles! The great British poet Shelley’s lines say, “If winter comes, can spring be far behind
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“人为什么要乐观？”的主题发表看法，并以自己的亲身体验为例，说明乐观至少有下列好处：
a)使人身心健康；
b)使人每天心情愉悦，开心度过每一天；
c)使我们能够勇敢地面对学习中所遇到的挫折；
d)使人性格随和，能与他人和谐相处。
[写作指导](略)
(深圳 叶将花)
(七)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Competition and Cooperation
Competition is common in our daily life now, and it exists everywhere. But it is very important. We always expect to do better than others in study, sports, and business and so on. It is believed that in a certain sense competition can propel the advancement of our society.
For example, to build a skyscraper we need the combined efforts of the workers, or a beautiful blueprint would never be turned into a high building. A cooperative architect will not shut himself in his office. Instead, he will visit the construction site and talk with other engineers and the workers to solve the problems that occur in the process of construction. A cooperative worker bears in mind the designs of the engineers every moment he is on the scaffold. A smart building is the crystallization of collective wisdom and skills.
On the other hand, competition is also important in modern society. If you were a businessman and want customers to buy your products, you have to compete with others. If you want to find a good job you have to be competitive. What’s more, by attempting to compete at different activities, we learn to win and to lose. We learn our strengths and weaknesses.
Cooperation and competition are closely related. Actually both of them are required in many activities. For instance, in learning English, we compete with each other. As a result, we all make great progress. But in the meantime, our study also demands teamwork. We often help each other by pointing out each other’s mistakes and exchanging ideas.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“竞争与合作”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)竞争是我们生活中一种普遍现象；
b)竞争和合作是密不可分的；
c)我的看法。
[写作指导](略)
(茂名 苏伟)
参考范文
(一) How to protect the cultural heritages in our country？
The Great Wall is one of the Seven Wonders of the World and a symbol of the ancient Chinese civilization, but now it is in danger and some day it may disappear because of some local people’s destroy.
What a pity！As we can see，some other valuable and important relics in our country have been destroying as well. Why are some people doing that so foolishly？Because the local people are not aware of their importance. Cultural heritages are left to us by our ancestors and are also symbols of their wisdoms, which played a very important role in history.
How should we protect our Cultural heritages In my opinion, firstly, we should make some people who lack of cultural knowledge know about the importance of the historic relics. Destroying them means destroying ourselves. Secondly, the government should take some measures to protect them, and if necessary, laws will be made to punish those who destroy them on purpose. Only in this way can we make our history richer and richer.
(二) Stress keeps you young
The passage tells us that stress is not an obstacle but a power of success in your life. What’s more, it is good for us to stay young. According to the study, we know that stress is necessary in our life, which can motivate us to go ahead.
Everyone is affected by stressful situations. How to manage your stress I hold the same view with the author: stress is essential and we should be lucky to be together with it. As for me, I am keen on studying and enjoy the stress from study now. Once upon a time, I was discouraged because of too much stress from heavy study task. Later, I found the key to taking stress head-on is being relaxed. The better you relax, the better mood you can get from study. Don’t be pessimistic when stress comes into view, maybe it’s a turning point in your life.
(三) Study hard and enjoy yourselves
The author highlights the effect of work on people’s health, because it can rid one of loneliness, and make one feel fruitful and proud of himself, which always contributes to a good body.
In common with the author, I agree that the harder you work, the happier you will be, as hard work can keep a person busy, and gives one a sense of achievement, hence he will be self-confident and feel happy.
Around me, some of my classmates work very hard, hoping to fulfill their dream. However, they don’t seem unhappy. Oppositely, they try to find fun even under the pressure of the NMET. For example, they may share the joy with others when working out a problem. Sometimes they may play a trick on his partner using the newly-learned idioms, thus refresh themselves quickly.
As for me, I think only when we truly experience what fun it is, can we spare no effort to study hard and meanwhile enjoy ourselves.
(四)How to fully develop our intelligence
The writer argues in support of the importance of environment in terms of the development of a person’s intelligence by giving an example of a twin brothers, who were brought up in different environment.
Personally, I believe environment is crucial to an individual intelligence, as a good environment can offer more opportunities to increase his knowledge and broaden the horizons as well as the chances to practise.
There was such a famous example in Chinese history. Zhongyong, born with a high IQ, distinguished himself by reciting and even writing poems as a child, which astonished others. Unfortunately, his father didn’t offer him a good environment to foster him but instead, he often took him everywhere to show off his intelligence. Gradually, Zhongyong became an ordinary person.
Thus, I think we, including our parents, our teacher, even the whole society, should try to create a good environment for the children to fully develop their intelligence, and for the children, they should also learn to exploit everything available to develop themselves.
(五)On Modern Transportation
With the help of science, transportation makes traveling safer and easier, which brings lots of benefits like satisfying man’s curiosity and increasing man’s knowledge of the world.
I can’t agree more. As the legend goes: To carry the news of the Greek victory, Pheidippides, a professional runner, had to run 42 kilometers without stopping. He dropped dead of exhaustion after shouting, “Rejoice, we conquer!” That happened in 490BC, but now it’s easy for us to cover this distance by car. With the help of modern transportation, we can go everywhere we prefer to. Even the journey to outer space is not a dream any more.
Despite the obvious advantages of modern transportation, it has also created many negative effects such as air pollution, traffic jams and lack of energy. To solve the problems, in my mind, there are two ways. On one hand, rules should be made for drivers to follow. On the other hand, if possible, we’d better use bicycles instead of cars to save energy as well as easing traffic jams.
(六)Keeping optimistic
We can know from the passage if we are optimistic we can conquer different kinds of difficulties in life when we meet them, and we will succeed in the end.
In my study, I will get discouraged when I fail in an exam. I think I’m hopeless and can’t go to my ideal university. Whenever I am in bad mood, my teachers, especially my homeroom teacher, encourages me to be optimistic by saying the proverb “Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.” They also tell me to study harder and give me good advice on my study. I’m grateful to them and agree with them. From now on, I’ll no longer feel frustrated when I fail in an exam. On the contrary, I will still keep optimistic and study harder because I know failure is the mother of success. As long as I don’t lose heart and work hard, I’m sure I’ll succeed in the end.
(七) How do you think about competition and cooperation
Competition and competition are a common phenomenon in our society. Cooperation and competition are both important, and are both involved in every field of our life and work.
It is often believed, that competition and cooperation are in opposition to each other. Some people stress competition, without which, in their eyes, there is no responsibility, no drive and ultimately, no progress. Others advocate cooperation whatever they do.
We are all familiar with the Chinese saying that “When everybody adds fuel, the flame goes high.” Competition characterizes the present world. However, without cooperation, this world would become an animal world. We can’t look on cooperation as the opposite of competition. In most cases we can’t do competition without cooperation. For example, in team work every member of the team is doing his best for the team to compete others.
In my opinion, we should never forget cooperation. In our social life, cooperation is especially necessary. So I’ve come to the conclusion that competition is equally important.
责任编校 蒋小青