英语写作的基本技巧[上学期]

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名称 英语写作的基本技巧[上学期]
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资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2006-08-30 23:56:00

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英语写作的基本技巧
高考英语写作紧扣教学大纲对考生书面表达的要求, 以有指导的写作为主,突出试题的交际性,考查考生在特定的情景中运用语言的能力;所选话题贴近学生学习生活,为学生所熟悉;看图作文主要考查考生运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。而考生若想提高应掌握一些基本技巧。
  一、认真审题,把握体裁
  纵览历年高考中的英语书面表达,多为应用性写作,其体裁各异。答题时应仔细观察,细心领会,把握相应体裁要求,使用正确的时态,准确反映表达内容。
  二、抓准信息,组织要点
  准确把握考题各方面的信息,就能为语言表达提供正确而全面的信息依据,倘若信息不清、不准,书写出的东西就会文不对题,劳而无功。必要的信息若有遗漏,就无法达到正确交际的目的。
  三、选词组句,就易避难
  在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的前提下,避开偏、怪、难词,选用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语和句型将要点完整流畅地用英语表达出来。这要求考生要有变通能力。另外,不要拘泥于原材料进行"硬"译,而要灵活表达,有时还需拐弯抹角地表达。同时注意克服母语的逆向干扰,按照英语的习惯表达形式,用地道的英语习惯用语将要点以句子形式准确地表达出来。
  四、连句成篇,行文连贯
  句子是由词汇组成的,而文章则是由句子组成的。遣词造句要按照语法和习惯表达,组句成篇也要按照篇章结构,选择适当的并列、递进、因果、转折、条件等意义的连词把所有表示要点的句子连接成文,使句与句、段与段之间意思连贯,结构衔接,生动、准确地表达考题内容。同时注意克服英语句子结构的单调性,要根据表达需要而注意变换句式,这样才能增强语句的表现力。切忌只按考题信息或线索提示,不切实际、不顾英语习惯表达的方式逐条译出,这样就会造成文理不通、语无伦次。只有语言地道、层次清楚、结构合理,才能文通语顺、层次分明。
  五、言简意赅,注意词数
  NMET书面表达评分原则规定:词数少于80和多于120的,从总分中均减去2分。因此,考生在书写时应特别注意避免“两极分化”,既不可少于80个词,也不可多于120个词,最好是100个单词左右。在书写过程中尽量使用能表现自己实力的词汇和语法结构,避免语言错误,真正做到语言地道、言简意赅,把词数控制在最佳范围内。
  六、仔细核对,查漏补缺
  在写书面表达时,有些考生往往把注意力集中在表达上而忽视了书面质量,再加上匆忙或粗心,难免有些书写中的“走笔”之误,诸如字母的大小写,单词的误写、多写、少写,习语的搭配,时态、语态、主谓一致,标点符号及母语的干扰等问题,需要考生在定稿前认真检查,力争要点的完整和句子的正确。
  七、规范誊写,卷面整洁
  书面表达是NMET中的主观性题目,评分虽有严格的标准和档次,但也带有弹性,这是一个主观上难以完全解决的客观问题。倘若书写马虎潦草或涂改乱擦,给阅卷者留下不好印象,得分往往会低于所写材料的应得分。因此,考生要尽量先打草稿,修改后再严格按照四线三格认真誊写,做到字母、单词的书写大小适中、均匀。一方面,要左右成行,整齐划一。另一方面,要上下对齐,首尾呼应。只有书写规范,字迹清晰、卷面整洁,才能使书面表达“锦上添花”、高人一筹。
总之,只有了解NMET书面表达评分原则和要求,熟练掌握其应试技巧,我们才能有的放矢地进行书写训练,也才能在规定时间内根据试题信息要求,使书面表达要点齐全、内容完整、格式准确、文通语顺、书写规范、卷面整洁。当然,要切实做好NMET书面表达,还特别需要注意平时知识的积累,要多读、多写、多记句型并掌握词汇的用法。只要具备了一定的语言基础知识,了解书面表达评分原则和评分要求,再加上对书面表达材料进行强化训练,相信你在考试中一定会马到成功。
作文示例
有一个外宾参观团将来你校参观,你的任务是先向他们介绍学校建筑的布局规划情况,然后领他们参观学校。请根据下面两幅学校平面图,写一篇有关学校布局的介绍,以便为这次接待工作做准备。在介绍学校现在布局情况的同时,也说明学校将来的变化。
主道校门 主道校门
现 在 将 来
注意:
1、 介绍词必须包括图中所显示的主要内容,可适当增加细节,使内容连贯;
2、 词数:120词左右; 3、介绍词的开头已经写好;
4、 生词提示:teachers’ apartment building(教师宿舍楼) botanical garden(植物园)。
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school. First, let me show you the general plan(平面图)of our school...
1、 写作提示:
1、 短文信息丰富,写作时注意条理清晰,线索明了;
2、 注意恰当地运用“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
2、 找要点:
主道左边:
1、 两座教学楼; 2、后为科学馆;3、篮球玚将改建为体育场;4、足球场;
主道右边:
5、 办公楼; 6、办公楼前面将建植物园;7、图书馆将扩建; 8、餐厅和教师宿舍楼;
9、 带领外宾参观学校。
3、 各要点主要表达提示:
1. a) on the left of the main road
b) the first two buildings you see/there are two buildings near the school gate
2. behind which stand/and behind them be
3. a) next to the science building/behind the science building
b) which be changed into/change it into
4. a) then/at the end b) see the football field/see the football ground
5. a) on the right of the main road b) what you will see first/first you can see
6. a) in front of which/and in front of it b) be built/build
7. a) behind the office building stand/next to the office building stand
b) which soon be turned into/turn it into
1. the last two buildings on the right
2. a) show you around our school/go around our school
b) hope... have a good time/enjoy oneself
4、 各要点表达句示例:
要点1:
a) On the left of the main road, the first two buildings you will see are the teaching buildings.
b) On the left of the main road, there are two teaching buildings near the school gate.
要点2:
a) behind which stands the science building.
b) and behind them is the science building.
要点3:
a) Next to the science building is the basketball ground, which will be turned into a new gymnasium next year.
b) Behind the science building is the basketball ground. We will change it into a new gymnasium next year.
要点4:
a) Then you will see the football field.
b) At the end you can see the football ground.
要点5:
a) On the right of the main road, what you will see first is the office building.
b) On the right of the main road, first you can see the office building.
要点6:
a) in front of which a botanical garden will be built.
b) and in front of it we will build a botanical garden.
要点7:
a) Behind the office building is the old school library, which will soon be turned into a new one.
b) Next to the office building stands the old school library. We will soon turn it into a new one.
要点8:
a) The last two buildings on the right are the dining hall and the teachers’ apartment building.
b) The dining hall and the teachers’ apartment building are the last two buildings on the right.
要点9:
Let me show you around our school and I hope you will have a good time.
Let’s go around our school and I hope you will enjoy yourselves.
5、 作文示例:
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school. First, let me show you the general plan of our school. On the left of the main road, the first two buildings you will see are the teaching buildings, behind which stands the science building. Next to the science building is the basketball ground, which will be turned into a new gymnasium next year. Then you will see the football field. On the right of the main road, what you will see first is the office building, in front of which a botanical garden will be built. Behind the office building is the old school library, which will soon be turned into a new one. The last two buildings on the right are the dinning hall and the teachers’ apartment building. Now let me show you around our school and I hope you will have a good time.
2
教师楼
餐厅
图书馆
教师楼
新图书馆
办公楼
植物园
体育馆
足球场
科学馆
教学楼
教学楼
足球场
篮球场
科学馆
教学楼
教学楼
办公楼
餐厅
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