名词[上学期]
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课件15张PPT。语法专题—名词 名词的分类：
名词 可数名词不可数名词 个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
They devoted their __________( youth) to the defence of their motherland.
Some __________ ( youth) were standing near the bus stop.
A big iron __________ (work) will be built in this city very soon.
We are to have __________ (tea) with the guests at four; make eight __________ (tea).
If you want __________ (knowledge) , you must take part in the practice of changing __________ ( reality).
__________ (fruit) is cheap at this time of a year.
What __________ (fruit) are in season now?knowledgerealityFruitfruitsteateasworksyouthyouths①单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。
a sheep—two sheep, a deer—four deer②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend — boy-friends, go-between— go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up — grown-ups, sister-in-law—sisters-in-law。③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物, wages工资，surroundings环境，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。可数名词的“数”（不规则变化）④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词, 既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如:family, class, group, team, government, crew…
The crew _____ large.船员人数很多.
The crew_____ all tired.船员们都累坏了。
isare不可数名词的”数”
1. 抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
Failure(失败)is the mother of success 失败是成功之母。
a failure失败者
by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历
youth青春 a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事2. 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?
It is a waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. 3. 物质名词有前置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast
have a wonderful breakfast
The road is covered with snow.
They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.②有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义：如
papers 报纸
manners 礼貌
goods 货物
glasses 眼镜
works 工厂，著作
looks 外表
greens 青菜
hairs 几根头发
times 时代
sands 沙滩，沙地
drinks 饮料
forces 军队
irons 手铐 １.除了表示有生命的人和物的所有格外，表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词的所有格都可以用名词’s的形式表示ten days’ journey
十天的旅程
half an hour’s drive
半个小时的车程
a ton’s weight
一吨的重量
today’s newspaper
今天的报纸at the Green’s
在格林先生家
to my uncle’s
到我叔叔家
at the tailor’s
在裁缝店
at the barber’s
在理发店
at the doctor’s
在诊所２.在表示“某人家”“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词．３.在表示所属物的名词前有不定代词，数词，不定冠词或指示代词时，常用“of词组＋所有格”的形式来表示所有关系．a friend of my father’s
我父亲的一个朋友
a few friends of Li Ming’s
李明的几个朋友
that book of Li Ming’s
李明的那本书
two friends of my brother’s
我哥哥的两个朋友名词作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。（1）分类意义。
air pollution 空气污染 boy friend?男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税
tennis ball网球 song writer歌曲作家
body language身体语言 road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖 （2）时间、地点、称呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞 country music乡村音乐
village people村民 school education学校教育
China problem中国问题（3）表目的、手段、来源或材料, 用途, 性质。
reception desk接待台 sports field田径场
stone table石桌 color TV彩电
weather report天气预报 gold ring金戒指
名词 可数名词不可数名词 个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
They devoted their __________( youth) to the defence of their motherland.
Some __________ ( youth) were standing near the bus stop.
A big iron __________ (work) will be built in this city very soon.
We are to have __________ (tea) with the guests at four; make eight __________ (tea).
If you want __________ (knowledge) , you must take part in the practice of changing __________ ( reality).
__________ (fruit) is cheap at this time of a year.
What __________ (fruit) are in season now?knowledgerealityFruitfruitsteateasworksyouthyouths①单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。
a sheep—two sheep, a deer—four deer②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend — boy-friends, go-between— go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up — grown-ups, sister-in-law—sisters-in-law。③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物, wages工资，surroundings环境，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。可数名词的“数”（不规则变化）④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词, 既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如:family, class, group, team, government, crew…
The crew _____ large.船员人数很多.
The crew_____ all tired.船员们都累坏了。
isare不可数名词的”数”
1. 抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
Failure(失败)is the mother of success 失败是成功之母。
a failure失败者
by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历
youth青春 a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事2. 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?
It is a waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. 3. 物质名词有前置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast
have a wonderful breakfast
The road is covered with snow.
They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.②有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义：如
papers 报纸
manners 礼貌
goods 货物
glasses 眼镜
works 工厂，著作
looks 外表
greens 青菜
hairs 几根头发
times 时代
sands 沙滩，沙地
drinks 饮料
forces 军队
irons 手铐 １.除了表示有生命的人和物的所有格外，表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词的所有格都可以用名词’s的形式表示ten days’ journey
十天的旅程
half an hour’s drive
半个小时的车程
a ton’s weight
一吨的重量
today’s newspaper
今天的报纸at the Green’s
在格林先生家
to my uncle’s
到我叔叔家
at the tailor’s
在裁缝店
at the barber’s
在理发店
at the doctor’s
在诊所２.在表示“某人家”“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词．３.在表示所属物的名词前有不定代词，数词，不定冠词或指示代词时，常用“of词组＋所有格”的形式来表示所有关系．a friend of my father’s
我父亲的一个朋友
a few friends of Li Ming’s
李明的几个朋友
that book of Li Ming’s
李明的那本书
two friends of my brother’s
我哥哥的两个朋友名词作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。（1）分类意义。
air pollution 空气污染 boy friend?男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税
tennis ball网球 song writer歌曲作家
body language身体语言 road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖 （2）时间、地点、称呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞 country music乡村音乐
village people村民 school education学校教育
China problem中国问题（3）表目的、手段、来源或材料, 用途, 性质。
reception desk接待台 sports field田径场
stone table石桌 color TV彩电
weather report天气预报 gold ring金戒指