动名词语法课件[下学期]
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课件47张PPT。Useful structure ( 30m )the use of -ing form一、动名词的形式二、功能及用法(作主语)1．作主语. 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。
1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.
_______________________ is something we should never do．
2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
____________________ is very important for me．
3)说比做容易。
___________ is easier than doing.Playing tricks on othersLearning new wordsTalking②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：
1) It’s worth making the effort．
这事值得去做。
2) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
_______________________________ with Shylock．
3)想再解释一次有好处吗?
____________________________________________
二、功能及用法(作主语)It is no use trying to argueIs it any good trying to explain?动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：
动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如：
1)还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。
As a child，she felt that _________________ was a duty and a pleasure．
2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。
____________ in an American home will be a good experience for me. 二、功能及用法(作主语)visiting sick peopleTo be a guest【考例】 — What do you think made Mary so upset？
— __________ her new bicycle．
A. As she lost?? B. Lost
C. Losing?????? D. Because of losing 3) 一直不做就是作恶。
___________________is doing ill．
4)他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。”
He said，“To go on like this is no use．”
5)我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。
It’s an honor for me to be invited to the party．在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换．Doing nothing二、功能及用法(作主语)常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的
There is no doing 无法……， 不允许……
There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理
There is/was no use doing 干……无意义
There is/was no point doing 干……无意义二、功能及用法(作主语)我们不知道要去哪儿。
There was no knowing where we would go.
做这件傻事毫无意义。
____________________________________________注意：There is no need to do sth 干……没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing..
没有必要告诉她。
____________________________________________而在It’s important … / It’s necessary … / It’s advisable … / It’s essential … 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：
It’s important to learn foreign languages.
It’s quite necessary to read it many times.There is no point doing such a silly thing. There is no need to tell her.二、功能及用法(作主语)提示：当动名词用作主语、宾语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。
1) 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。
My sister's being ill made we worried.
2) 你正确未必就意味着我错了。
Your being right doesn't necessarily mean ___________________________.
my being wrong二、功能及用法 动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。
①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如：
1)我不能不去。
I can’t avoid going．
2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友?
Have you considered __________ one special friend? 二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)looking for3)我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
We must try to _____________ the same mistake．
4)晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?
Do you feel like___________ with me after supper?
5)人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
People _________________________ foolish man．
这类动词还有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)avoid repeating having a walkcouldn’t help laughing at that【考例】 I can't imagine __________ that with them．
A. do?????????? B. to do
C. being done? ? D. doing She looks forward every spring to __________ the flower-lined garden．
A. visit B. paying a visit
C. walk in D. walking in
②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。
A．在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
B．在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
C．在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：
二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)I remember posting the letter．
我记得我已把信寄了。
2) I’ll remember to post the letter．
我会记着去寄信的。
3) I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．
__________________________________________________
4)Don’t forget to write to your mother．
__________________________________________________
5) 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
________________________________________________
6) 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。
________________________________________________二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 不要忘了给你母亲写信。I regret missing the report．I regret to say I can’t take your advice．D．在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
1)我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。
We must try to get everything done in time．
2)我们用别的方法做这工作试试。
Let’s try doing the work in some other way．
3) I didn’t mean to make you angry．
_________________________________________________
4) Your plan would mean spending hours．
_________________________________________________二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)我并不想叫你生气。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。 E· go on doing 和go on to do
go on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。如：
1) 请接着做这同一个练习。
________________________ the same exercise．
2) 请做另外一个练习。
________________________ the other exercise．
F．stop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：
我们停止了交谈。________________________________
我们停了下来去谈话。____________________________
二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)Please go on doingPlease go on to doWe stopped talking．We stopped to talk．在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：
We don't allow smoking here．
We don't allow anybody to smoke here． 动词need, require, want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：
这扇窗需要清洗下。 The window needs／requires／wants cleaning／to be cleaned．
她的鞋该修理了。
注意: 当 need, want, require, worth后面接doing也可以表示被动。
你的头发该理了。
地板需要冲洗。 Your hair wants cutting.The floor requires washing.Her shoes wants mending.3．作介词宾语. 动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。A．介词+动名词，如：
1) 我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。
We’ve got to think of ways ___________people’s habits.
2)我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。
I apologize __________________ so angry with you.
3)离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。
__________ away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up．二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)for beingAfter beingof changing B．动词+介词+动名词，如：
1)我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。
I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition．
2)同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。
_________________，each of them made a face．
她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
She was very ________________________ for our company．
下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等 二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)Instead of smilinginterested in working【考例】 — Let's have a rest．
— Not now．I don't want to stop __________ yet．（MET 1985）
A. study????????? B. to study
C. for studying??? D. studying — Let me tell you something about the journalists．
— Don‘t you remember ________ me the story yesterday？
told?????? B. telling
C. to tell?? D. to have told 1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repairedExcersice2. Have you forgotten ___$200 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring
C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning
4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped
6. We should often practise ___ English with each other.
A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. to try D. trying
8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go9. The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t but laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it
11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied12. We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation(休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation13. You must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read
14. You should work tonight instead of _____ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects.
examining B. being examined
C. examined D. examine
16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night.
to stay B. to stayed
C. to staying D. staying17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating
18. We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see
20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. said21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others. A. being infected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected
22.Your clothes need ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed23. _____ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while ______ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed24. He attended the party without___. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited
25. By ____, water can be changed into gas.
A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated26. On land many objects prevent sound _____ very far. A. to travel B. travel C. from travelling D. to travelling
27. She returned home only to find the door open and something____ . A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 28. Remember__ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back
29. Writing stories and articles__ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 30. He was afraid ___for being late. A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen
1. ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.( 2004全国 ) A. Having suffered B.Suffering C. That D. Suffered精析：根据句意“it may now be too late to …” 和 “already”可知“河流已经被严重污染”，应用完成时。答案A。高考链接2. ____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. ( 全国2002) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 解析：本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。分析题干，前一部分相当于一个条件状语从句，即If he is given …，因为主句是 it，从句应含被动意义，这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义即含被动意义。答案 A。3. ---- The picture ____ on the wall is painted by my niece.( 2001上海)
having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式，其一般不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；C项动词“第三人称单数”显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分析 the picture与动作 hang之间的关系，其不含被动意义，D项排除； B项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案B。
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。
1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.
_______________________ is something we should never do．
2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
____________________ is very important for me．
3)说比做容易。
___________ is easier than doing.Playing tricks on othersLearning new wordsTalking②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：
1) It’s worth making the effort．
这事值得去做。
2) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
_______________________________ with Shylock．
3)想再解释一次有好处吗?
____________________________________________
二、功能及用法(作主语)It is no use trying to argueIs it any good trying to explain?动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：
动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如：
1)还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。
As a child，she felt that _________________ was a duty and a pleasure．
2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。
____________ in an American home will be a good experience for me. 二、功能及用法(作主语)visiting sick peopleTo be a guest【考例】 — What do you think made Mary so upset？
— __________ her new bicycle．
A. As she lost?? B. Lost
C. Losing?????? D. Because of losing 3) 一直不做就是作恶。
___________________is doing ill．
4)他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。”
He said，“To go on like this is no use．”
5)我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。
It’s an honor for me to be invited to the party．在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换．Doing nothing二、功能及用法(作主语)常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的
There is no doing 无法……， 不允许……
There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理
There is/was no use doing 干……无意义
There is/was no point doing 干……无意义二、功能及用法(作主语)我们不知道要去哪儿。
There was no knowing where we would go.
做这件傻事毫无意义。
____________________________________________注意：There is no need to do sth 干……没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing..
没有必要告诉她。
____________________________________________而在It’s important … / It’s necessary … / It’s advisable … / It’s essential … 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：
It’s important to learn foreign languages.
It’s quite necessary to read it many times.There is no point doing such a silly thing. There is no need to tell her.二、功能及用法(作主语)提示：当动名词用作主语、宾语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。
1) 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。
My sister's being ill made we worried.
2) 你正确未必就意味着我错了。
Your being right doesn't necessarily mean ___________________________.
my being wrong二、功能及用法 动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。
①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如：
1)我不能不去。
I can’t avoid going．
2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友?
Have you considered __________ one special friend? 二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)looking for3)我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
We must try to _____________ the same mistake．
4)晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?
Do you feel like___________ with me after supper?
5)人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
People _________________________ foolish man．
这类动词还有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)avoid repeating having a walkcouldn’t help laughing at that【考例】 I can't imagine __________ that with them．
A. do?????????? B. to do
C. being done? ? D. doing She looks forward every spring to __________ the flower-lined garden．
A. visit B. paying a visit
C. walk in D. walking in
②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。
A．在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
B．在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
C．在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：
二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)I remember posting the letter．
我记得我已把信寄了。
2) I’ll remember to post the letter．
我会记着去寄信的。
3) I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．
__________________________________________________
4)Don’t forget to write to your mother．
__________________________________________________
5) 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
________________________________________________
6) 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。
________________________________________________二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 不要忘了给你母亲写信。I regret missing the report．I regret to say I can’t take your advice．D．在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
1)我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。
We must try to get everything done in time．
2)我们用别的方法做这工作试试。
Let’s try doing the work in some other way．
3) I didn’t mean to make you angry．
_________________________________________________
4) Your plan would mean spending hours．
_________________________________________________二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)我并不想叫你生气。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。 E· go on doing 和go on to do
go on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。如：
1) 请接着做这同一个练习。
________________________ the same exercise．
2) 请做另外一个练习。
________________________ the other exercise．
F．stop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：
我们停止了交谈。________________________________
我们停了下来去谈话。____________________________
二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)Please go on doingPlease go on to doWe stopped talking．We stopped to talk．在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：
We don't allow smoking here．
We don't allow anybody to smoke here． 动词need, require, want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：
这扇窗需要清洗下。 The window needs／requires／wants cleaning／to be cleaned．
她的鞋该修理了。
注意: 当 need, want, require, worth后面接doing也可以表示被动。
你的头发该理了。
地板需要冲洗。 Your hair wants cutting.The floor requires washing.Her shoes wants mending.3．作介词宾语. 动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。A．介词+动名词，如：
1) 我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。
We’ve got to think of ways ___________people’s habits.
2)我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。
I apologize __________________ so angry with you.
3)离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。
__________ away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up．二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)for beingAfter beingof changing B．动词+介词+动名词，如：
1)我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。
I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition．
2)同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。
_________________，each of them made a face．
她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
She was very ________________________ for our company．
下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等 二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)Instead of smilinginterested in working【考例】 — Let's have a rest．
— Not now．I don't want to stop __________ yet．（MET 1985）
A. study????????? B. to study
C. for studying??? D. studying — Let me tell you something about the journalists．
— Don‘t you remember ________ me the story yesterday？
told?????? B. telling
C. to tell?? D. to have told 1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repairedExcersice2. Have you forgotten ___$200 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring
C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning
4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped
6. We should often practise ___ English with each other.
A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. to try D. trying
8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go9. The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t but laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it
11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied12. We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation(休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation13. You must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read
14. You should work tonight instead of _____ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects.
examining B. being examined
C. examined D. examine
16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night.
to stay B. to stayed
C. to staying D. staying17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating
18. We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see
20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. said21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others. A. being infected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected
22.Your clothes need ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed23. _____ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while ______ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed24. He attended the party without___. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited
25. By ____, water can be changed into gas.
A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated26. On land many objects prevent sound _____ very far. A. to travel B. travel C. from travelling D. to travelling
27. She returned home only to find the door open and something____ . A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 28. Remember__ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back
29. Writing stories and articles__ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 30. He was afraid ___for being late. A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen
1. ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.( 2004全国 ) A. Having suffered B.Suffering C. That D. Suffered精析：根据句意“it may now be too late to …” 和 “already”可知“河流已经被严重污染”，应用完成时。答案A。高考链接2. ____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. ( 全国2002) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 解析：本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。分析题干，前一部分相当于一个条件状语从句，即If he is given …，因为主句是 it，从句应含被动意义，这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义即含被动意义。答案 A。3. ---- The picture ____ on the wall is painted by my niece.( 2001上海)
having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式，其一般不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；C项动词“第三人称单数”显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分析 the picture与动作 hang之间的关系，其不含被动意义，D项排除； B项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案B。