虚拟语气用法分析[上学期]
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虚拟语气用法分析
语气的分类 1. 陈述语气 (表示所说的话是事实) eg. I have told you that already. 2. 祈使语气 (表示所说的话是请求或命令) eg. Make yourself at home. / Don’t be late. 3. 虚拟语气 (表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望,假想或建议) eg. I wish I could go with you, but I can’t find any time. 虚拟语气所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
Step one: 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 ： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would etc.) +动词原形
eg. If they were here, they would help you.
2. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型： 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would etc.) have+ 过去分词
eg. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
3. 表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should etc.+ 动词原形
were to + 不定式 would etc.+ 动词原形
should + 动词原形
eg. If you succeeded (were to succeed /should succeed), everything would be all right.
4. 混合虚拟语气
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反， 主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。
5. 虚拟语气的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
eg. Were they here now, they could help us. If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
Step Two: 虚拟语气在其它从句中的使用
1 在宾语从句中的应用
1) 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，如 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + 从句 sb. (should) do
eg. I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意： 如suggest / insist用于其本意"暗示、表明"/"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气 判断改错:
（ ） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
( ) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
2） 用于wish后面的从句. 宾语从句的动词形式为：和现在事实相反，用一般过去时；和过去事实相反，用过去完成时；和将来事实相反，用过去将来时（would/could etc +do ）
eg. I wish I were as tall as you. /He wished he hadn't said that.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
2. 在主语从句中的使用
从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。
(1) It is +suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded , requested, insisted etc 从句 （ (should) do ）
eg. It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
(2) It is + important, necessary, natural, strange etc +从句
eg. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
(3) It is + a pity, a shame, no wonder etc +从句
3 在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
eg. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
4 .if only 则表示"如果……就好了" (和wish用法相同)
eg. If only you would listen to our advice. /If only I had not been busy last week! /If only she could marry me.
if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如：
eg. If only I had more money, I could buy a car.
*5.“in case, lest, for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“lest (in case, for fear that) + 主语 + should + 动词原形”。Lest, for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去， in case 句中的 should 通常不省去
eg. He took his coat with him in case it should rain.
I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur
但是 in case ,Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式
6. It is (high) time +从句. 谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
eg. It is time that the children went to bed. / It is high time that the children should go to bed
7.would rather /as if +从句 （和过去相反，用过去完成时；和现在/将来相反，用一般过去时）
eg. He would rather his sister left at once.
He talked as if he had been there for many times.
语法专项训练---虚拟语气
1. I was ill that day, otherwise I ___ the sports meet.
A.would have taken part in B.would take part in
C.should taken part in D.had taken part in
2. How I wish it ___ !
A. isn’t raining B.didn’t rain
C.wasn’t raining D.doesn’t rain
3. I would rather you ____ next Sunday.
A.come B.came C.will come D.are coming
4. I suggest that Mary ____ to the lecture herself.
A.go B.goes C.would go D.went
5. I wish he ____ me this yesterday.
A.told B.had told C.has told D.tell
6. The headmaster requested that everyone ____ present at the ceremony.
A.be B.would be C.was D.must be
7. It is necessary that the result of an experiment ____.
A.be checked and rechecked B.would be checked
C.should be checked and rechecked D.is checked and rechecked
8. If I ___ you, I would not sing such songs.
A.was B.were C.am D.will be
9. I am sorry you told him the secret. I wish you ____ him the secret .
A.didn’t tell B.wouldn’t tell C.will not tell D.had not tell
10. She looks as if she ____ nothing about it before.
A.knows B.would know C.had known D.has known
11. It is already eight. It’s time that we ___ our work.
A.will begin B.began C.begun D.shall begin
12. He insisted that she ____ the matter at the meeting.
A.take up B.takes up C.will take up D.would take up
13. I remember the whole thing as if it ___ yesterday.
A.will happen B.would happen C.happened D.had happened
14. I like the film very much. I wish I ___ it last year when it was on for the first time in our city.
A.saw B.see C.had seen D.would see
15. I won’t be able to go there tomorrow. If I ____ there tomorrow, I would see you.
A.will go B.go C.should go D.can go
16. I would have gone to America with my friends, but I ____ by my mother.
A.was stopped B. would be stopped
C.will be stopped D.were stopped
17. He _____ pay much attention to studying methods; otherwise he would have not fallen behind the others.
A. didn’t B.doesn’t C.won’t D.can’t
18. ____ for the leadship of the Party, we should have failed.
A. Had it not been B.It had not been
C.If it were not D.If it is not
19. It is very cold today. Otherwise we ___ out to have a walk.
A.can go B.could go C.will go D.would have gone
20. If the doctor ___ here earlier, the wounded worker would have been saved.
A.came B.had come C.has come D.comes
21. If you___ to see the lost son, what would you say to him.
A.are B.are about C.ought D.were
22. If you ____ with George yesterday morning, you would not be so angry now.
A. talk B.were talking C. would talk D.had talked
23. Had he planted the tree near the road, strangers ___the fruits.
A.would steal B.would have stolen
C.will steal D.will have stolen
24. I would rather they ____ back as soon as possible.
A.will come B.come C.are coming D.came
25. I hope he ___ to see me in his holiday.
A.would come B.came C.should come D.will come
26. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A.would lend B.would have lent
C.could lend D.may have lent
27. If only I ___ my watch.
A.hadn’t lost B.haven’t C.didn’t D.don’t
28. If only I ____ as young as you are!
A.being B.am C.be D.were
29. Her suggestion was that we, after finishing our work, ____ the other groups.
A.helped B.will help C.help D.would help
Answers: 1-5 ACBAB 6-10 AABDC 11-15 BADCC
16-20 AAABB 21-25 DDBDD 26-29 BADC
PAGE
2
语气的分类 1. 陈述语气 (表示所说的话是事实) eg. I have told you that already. 2. 祈使语气 (表示所说的话是请求或命令) eg. Make yourself at home. / Don’t be late. 3. 虚拟语气 (表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望,假想或建议) eg. I wish I could go with you, but I can’t find any time. 虚拟语气所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
Step one: 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 ： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would etc.) +动词原形
eg. If they were here, they would help you.
2. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型： 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would etc.) have+ 过去分词
eg. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
3. 表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should etc.+ 动词原形
were to + 不定式 would etc.+ 动词原形
should + 动词原形
eg. If you succeeded (were to succeed /should succeed), everything would be all right.
4. 混合虚拟语气
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反， 主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。
5. 虚拟语气的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
eg. Were they here now, they could help us. If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
Step Two: 虚拟语气在其它从句中的使用
1 在宾语从句中的应用
1) 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，如 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + 从句 sb. (should) do
eg. I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意： 如suggest / insist用于其本意"暗示、表明"/"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气 判断改错:
（ ） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
( ) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
2） 用于wish后面的从句. 宾语从句的动词形式为：和现在事实相反，用一般过去时；和过去事实相反，用过去完成时；和将来事实相反，用过去将来时（would/could etc +do ）
eg. I wish I were as tall as you. /He wished he hadn't said that.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
2. 在主语从句中的使用
从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。
(1) It is +suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded , requested, insisted etc 从句 （ (should) do ）
eg. It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
(2) It is + important, necessary, natural, strange etc +从句
eg. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
(3) It is + a pity, a shame, no wonder etc +从句
3 在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
eg. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
4 .if only 则表示"如果……就好了" (和wish用法相同)
eg. If only you would listen to our advice. /If only I had not been busy last week! /If only she could marry me.
if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如：
eg. If only I had more money, I could buy a car.
*5.“in case, lest, for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“lest (in case, for fear that) + 主语 + should + 动词原形”。Lest, for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去， in case 句中的 should 通常不省去
eg. He took his coat with him in case it should rain.
I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur
但是 in case ,Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式
6. It is (high) time +从句. 谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
eg. It is time that the children went to bed. / It is high time that the children should go to bed
7.would rather /as if +从句 （和过去相反，用过去完成时；和现在/将来相反，用一般过去时）
eg. He would rather his sister left at once.
He talked as if he had been there for many times.
语法专项训练---虚拟语气
1. I was ill that day, otherwise I ___ the sports meet.
A.would have taken part in B.would take part in
C.should taken part in D.had taken part in
2. How I wish it ___ !
A. isn’t raining B.didn’t rain
C.wasn’t raining D.doesn’t rain
3. I would rather you ____ next Sunday.
A.come B.came C.will come D.are coming
4. I suggest that Mary ____ to the lecture herself.
A.go B.goes C.would go D.went
5. I wish he ____ me this yesterday.
A.told B.had told C.has told D.tell
6. The headmaster requested that everyone ____ present at the ceremony.
A.be B.would be C.was D.must be
7. It is necessary that the result of an experiment ____.
A.be checked and rechecked B.would be checked
C.should be checked and rechecked D.is checked and rechecked
8. If I ___ you, I would not sing such songs.
A.was B.were C.am D.will be
9. I am sorry you told him the secret. I wish you ____ him the secret .
A.didn’t tell B.wouldn’t tell C.will not tell D.had not tell
10. She looks as if she ____ nothing about it before.
A.knows B.would know C.had known D.has known
11. It is already eight. It’s time that we ___ our work.
A.will begin B.began C.begun D.shall begin
12. He insisted that she ____ the matter at the meeting.
A.take up B.takes up C.will take up D.would take up
13. I remember the whole thing as if it ___ yesterday.
A.will happen B.would happen C.happened D.had happened
14. I like the film very much. I wish I ___ it last year when it was on for the first time in our city.
A.saw B.see C.had seen D.would see
15. I won’t be able to go there tomorrow. If I ____ there tomorrow, I would see you.
A.will go B.go C.should go D.can go
16. I would have gone to America with my friends, but I ____ by my mother.
A.was stopped B. would be stopped
C.will be stopped D.were stopped
17. He _____ pay much attention to studying methods; otherwise he would have not fallen behind the others.
A. didn’t B.doesn’t C.won’t D.can’t
18. ____ for the leadship of the Party, we should have failed.
A. Had it not been B.It had not been
C.If it were not D.If it is not
19. It is very cold today. Otherwise we ___ out to have a walk.
A.can go B.could go C.will go D.would have gone
20. If the doctor ___ here earlier, the wounded worker would have been saved.
A.came B.had come C.has come D.comes
21. If you___ to see the lost son, what would you say to him.
A.are B.are about C.ought D.were
22. If you ____ with George yesterday morning, you would not be so angry now.
A. talk B.were talking C. would talk D.had talked
23. Had he planted the tree near the road, strangers ___the fruits.
A.would steal B.would have stolen
C.will steal D.will have stolen
24. I would rather they ____ back as soon as possible.
A.will come B.come C.are coming D.came
25. I hope he ___ to see me in his holiday.
A.would come B.came C.should come D.will come
26. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A.would lend B.would have lent
C.could lend D.may have lent
27. If only I ___ my watch.
A.hadn’t lost B.haven’t C.didn’t D.don’t
28. If only I ____ as young as you are!
A.being B.am C.be D.were
29. Her suggestion was that we, after finishing our work, ____ the other groups.
A.helped B.will help C.help D.would help
Answers: 1-5 ACBAB 6-10 AABDC 11-15 BADCC
16-20 AAABB 21-25 DDBDD 26-29 BADC
PAGE
2