非谓语动词语法讲解[上学期]
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英语语法复习之（五）
非谓语动词
不定式：
一）不定式的常考形式：
1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前
－Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation.
A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left
总结： to do
to be done
to 不定式的形式 to have done
to have been done
二）不定式在句中的成分
主语，宾语， 宾补足语，定语，状语（目的，结果）
To see is to believe. It’s hard to answer it.
三)不定式常考的考点：
1）主动表被动
adj.+ to do, be to blame
The question is hard to answer.
2）疑问词+ to do (无被动)
I don’t know what to do.
3）have sth./sb. to do
to be done
Do you have any to be typed
4）不定式的省略
a)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；
+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
---What did you Mr. Smith do in the middle of the night
---Well, I’m not sure, but he was often heard_______.
A. singing the same song B. to sing the same song
C. sing a same song D. to be playing same song
感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
b) 使役动词 have/ make/ let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to
I ‘d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
c) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
5) 固定结构
to tell you the true ,
to make things worse,
to be sure, to be exact,
to start
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：
want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, advise sb. to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do begin to do . start to do
—I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem __________ all the time.
A) to get worse C) to have got worse
B) to be getting worse D) getting worse
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
be used to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; (be) close to; be devoted to; be opposite/opposed to; be similar to; prefer…to…,make contributions to等，注意stick to后面不加-ing
－The match was cancelled because most of the members ____a match without a standard court.
A) objected to having B) were objected to have
C) objected to have D) were objected to having
六）need/want/require 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。
－Your hair wants _________. You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A) cut B) to cut C) cutting D) being cut
动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式：I don't like you smoking.
完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式：This question is far from being settled.
二) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
－He gives people the impression ____________ all his life abroad.
A) of having spent B) to have spent
C) of being spent D) to spent
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
－I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling
－I regret not having taken your advice.
__________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
A) The girl was educated B) The girl educated
C) The girl's being educated D) The girl to be educated
4)有些词后只能接动名词
advise, suggest, admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; delay; deny; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse; explain; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; imagine; keep; mention; mind; miss; pardon; practice; prevent; recall; report; risk; suggest; understand...
另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no delay in; there's no point in; be busy doing sth.., spend some time/money doing sth., have difficulty (in) doing sth., have a hard time (in) doing sth., have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.都是惯用句型，其中动名词不能换成to不定式。
e.g. Do you think it worthwhile investing a large sum of money in this project
－Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _______ for her examination.
A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared
5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。
I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)
I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)
forgot与remember的用法类似。
I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。
try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
prefer的用法：
我宁愿在这里等。
I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）
I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）
I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）
There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _________ trouble.
A) making B) to make C) to have made D) having made
分词：
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态
主动：doing/having down
被动：done
being done
to be done
having been down
句中成分：
1．定语 a sleeping boy = a boy________________ = a boy______________
a beaten boy = a boy ________________ = __________________
2. 状语 1)___________ from the space, we find the earth blue.
__________ from the space, the earth ___________.
2) 连词+分词/句子
When ______________(heat), the ice can turn into water.
While _______________(read) the book, he fell asleep.
If ____________(give) another chance, he will succeed.
诊断练习：
一、填空
A.① I want one magazine ______ . ( read )
② My teacher wanted me ______ this question . ( answer )
③ The woman wanted her husband ______ at once . ( examine )
④ My bicycle wants _______ . ( repair )
B.① What made you ______ so ( think )
② The girl was made _____ a man she didn't love at all . ( marry )
③ The show made me _______ in the study of science . ( interest )
④ He raised the picture to make everyone _______ clearly . ( see )
⑤ He raised his voice to make himself _______ . ( hear )
⑥ My father himself made some candles _______ light . ( give )
⑦ The boss made the workers _______ day and night . ( work )
C ① You'd better get your own room _______ . ( clean )
② Yesterday he got his wallet _______ . ( steal )
③ You should get your friends _______ you . ( help )
④ The lecture got us _______ . ( think )
⑤ Don't get ________ in the rain . ( catch )
D ① Did you see somebody _______ into the room ( steal )
② I saw him _______ in the room at that time . ( read )
③ She was glad to see her child ________ good care of . ( take )
④ I saw her _______ at the windows , thinking . ( seat )
⑤ She was seen ________ here . ( come )
E ① I like _______ very much . ( swim )
② I don't like _______ TV at this time . ( watch )
③ He never likes _______ at the meeting . ( praise )
④ I feel like _______ to the cinema . ( go )
⑤ Would you like ______ with me ( go )
F ① The man ______ at the meeting now is from the south . ( speak
② I don't know the professor ___ at the meeting tomorrow .( speak )
③ He is the professor _______ to dinner . ( invite )
G ①It was so cold and he had the fire ____all night long . ( burn
② I have a lot of exercises ________ today . ( do )
③ "Do you have nay clothes _______ today "asked Mother . ( wash )
④ You'd better have that bad tooth _______ out . ( pull )
⑤ I want to have him _______ a car for me . ( find )
H.① He doesn't do anything but _______ all day . ( play )
② We have no choice but _______ . ( obey )
③ I'm thinking of how _______ my English . ( improve )
④ He made an apology for _____ late . ( be )
I.① He told us about his trip in an _______ voice . ( excite )
② He told us his story in a _______ voice . ( tremble )
③ At the sight of a snake , the little girl was very _______. ( frighten )
④ The boy was _______ , so I didn't believe him again . ( disappoint )
J.① He is looking forward to ______ college . ( enter )
② He is looking forward to _____ nothing . ( see )
K.① When he heard the news , he couldn't help ________ with joy . ( jump )
② I couldn't help ______ by the beauty of nature . ( strike )
③ Sorry , I can't help ______ the housework today . ( do )
L ①______ enough time , we'll do it better . ( give )
②______ a candle , he went on reading . ( light )
③______ from the hill , the park looks more beautiful . ( see )
④______ the people well , we must work hard at our lessons . ( serve )
二、选择
1._______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
2．Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help. B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
3. ---- Do let your mother know all the truth.
----- She appears ________ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
4. Robert is said ________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study c. to be studying D. to have been studying
5．European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes c. made D. to make
6. _____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
7.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
8. I have worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
9. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ________ “To miss you, I’ll call you later.”
A. read B. written C. said D. reading
10. Cleaning women in gig cities usually get ____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
11. I would love ________ to the party last night but to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
12. The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
13.——You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting,
—— Well, now I regret _______ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
15.The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first played
夯滚练习(2006高考题)
1．(全国卷I）32. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
2．(全国卷2)17. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _______ that all children like these things.
A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought
3．(北京卷)28. There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
4．(北京卷)35. I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______ talking while she works.
A. working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C. working ; to stop D. to work ; to stop
5．(上海春)29. The parents suggested ___ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept
6．(上海春)36. There are hundreds of visitors _______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait
7．(上海春)38. ______ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.
A. Improving B. To improve C. Having improved D. Improved
8．(上海春)39. In the dream Peter saw himself ___ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased
9．(上海春)40. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and ___ new policies according to WTO requirements.
A. forming B. to form C. to be forming D. have formed
10．(天津卷)7. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
11．(重庆卷)26.Isn't it time you got down to _______ the papers
A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking
12．(辽宁卷)25.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most were from Germany. （+定语从句）
A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
13．(四川卷)26. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
14．(四川卷)27. ---Did you enjoy yourself at the party (+比较级)
---Yes. I've never been to ________ one before.
A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
15．(四川卷)33. ________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
16．(江西卷)29．After he became conscious，he remembered ____ and _____ on the head with a rod．
A．to attack; hit B．to be attacked；to be hit
C. attacking；be hit D．having been attacked；hit
17．(江西卷)32．It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness_________.
A．to make B．to be made C．making D．being made
18．(陕西卷)13.It is difficult to imagine his ________ the decision without any consideration.
A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted
19．(陕西卷)18. He hurried to the booking office only ________ that all the tickets had been sold out.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
20．(福建卷)33._______for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
21．(湖北卷)33. AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been
22．(湖北卷)34. Don't sit there ________ e and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
23．(湖南卷)21.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
24．(湖南卷)28.If you think that treating a woman well means always _____ her permission for things, think again.
A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting
25．(湖南卷)33. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting ___________.
A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using
26．(江苏卷)30. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing.
A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said
27．(江苏卷)32. --- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
--- My goodness! I can’t imagine _________ that old.
A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been
28．(广东卷)29. No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed
29．(广东卷)30. this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.
A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
30．(浙江卷)5. When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
31．(浙江卷)18. It remains ________ whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
32．(安徽省)21．My cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits．
A．brought B．bringing C．to bring D．had brought
33．(安徽省)35．Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ____________ ．
A．blamed B．blaming C．to blame D．to be blamed
34．(山东卷)29. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ____ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given
35．(山东卷)33.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost
36．(安徽省)28．Tom sounds very much in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it．
A．interested B．interesting C．interestingly D．interestedly
巩固练习（2005高考题）
1．. (北京卷) When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but not ____.
A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave
2. (北京卷) The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
3. (北京卷)I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
4.（山东卷）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
5. (广东卷)He glanced over at her, ____ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
6. (广东卷) He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
7.（湖北卷）The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well_________ .
A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending
8.（湖北卷）______from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A．Being separated B．Having separated C．Having been separated D．To be separated
9.（湖南卷）_________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
10.（湖南卷）I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
11. (江苏卷) ---- Is Bob still performing
---- I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
12. (江苏卷)____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
13. (江西卷)_____ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A．Having given up hope of cure B．With no hope for cure
C．There being hope for cure D．In the hope of cure
14. (江西卷)I think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better.
A．liking B．to be like C．to like D．to be liking
15. (江西卷)The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A．who has made B．having made C．made D．making
16.（全国卷3）While watching television, __________.
A．the doorbell rang B．the doorbell rings
C．we heard the doorbell ring D．we heard the doorbell rings
17.（全国卷3）“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________ away.
A．run B．running C．to run D．ran
18.（全国卷1）The storm left , ________ a lot of damage to this area .
A．caused B．to have caused C．to cause D．having caused
19.（上海卷）He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
20.（上海卷）______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
21.（上海卷）It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have D. have
22.（上海卷）More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
23.（浙江卷） _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.
A．To find out B．Finding out C．Find out D．Having found out
24.（重庆卷）26. Daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ____fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
25.（天津卷）You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
26.（天津卷）I don't want _______like I' m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
27.（安徽卷）I really can't understand ______ her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
28.（辽宁卷）All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.
A．in order to have received B．in order to receive
C．so as to be received D．so as to be receiving
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非谓语动词
不定式：
一）不定式的常考形式：
1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前
－Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation.
A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left
总结： to do
to be done
to 不定式的形式 to have done
to have been done
二）不定式在句中的成分
主语，宾语， 宾补足语，定语，状语（目的，结果）
To see is to believe. It’s hard to answer it.
三)不定式常考的考点：
1）主动表被动
adj.+ to do, be to blame
The question is hard to answer.
2）疑问词+ to do (无被动)
I don’t know what to do.
3）have sth./sb. to do
to be done
Do you have any to be typed
4）不定式的省略
a)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；
+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
---What did you Mr. Smith do in the middle of the night
---Well, I’m not sure, but he was often heard_______.
A. singing the same song B. to sing the same song
C. sing a same song D. to be playing same song
感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
b) 使役动词 have/ make/ let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to
I ‘d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
c) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
5) 固定结构
to tell you the true ,
to make things worse,
to be sure, to be exact,
to start
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：
want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, advise sb. to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do begin to do . start to do
—I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem __________ all the time.
A) to get worse C) to have got worse
B) to be getting worse D) getting worse
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
be used to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; (be) close to; be devoted to; be opposite/opposed to; be similar to; prefer…to…,make contributions to等，注意stick to后面不加-ing
－The match was cancelled because most of the members ____a match without a standard court.
A) objected to having B) were objected to have
C) objected to have D) were objected to having
六）need/want/require 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。
－Your hair wants _________. You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A) cut B) to cut C) cutting D) being cut
动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式：I don't like you smoking.
完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式：This question is far from being settled.
二) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
－He gives people the impression ____________ all his life abroad.
A) of having spent B) to have spent
C) of being spent D) to spent
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
－I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling
－I regret not having taken your advice.
__________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
A) The girl was educated B) The girl educated
C) The girl's being educated D) The girl to be educated
4)有些词后只能接动名词
advise, suggest, admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; delay; deny; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse; explain; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; imagine; keep; mention; mind; miss; pardon; practice; prevent; recall; report; risk; suggest; understand...
另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no delay in; there's no point in; be busy doing sth.., spend some time/money doing sth., have difficulty (in) doing sth., have a hard time (in) doing sth., have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.都是惯用句型，其中动名词不能换成to不定式。
e.g. Do you think it worthwhile investing a large sum of money in this project
－Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _______ for her examination.
A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared
5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。
I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)
I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)
forgot与remember的用法类似。
I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。
try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
prefer的用法：
我宁愿在这里等。
I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）
I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）
I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）
There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _________ trouble.
A) making B) to make C) to have made D) having made
分词：
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态
主动：doing/having down
被动：done
being done
to be done
having been down
句中成分：
1．定语 a sleeping boy = a boy________________ = a boy______________
a beaten boy = a boy ________________ = __________________
2. 状语 1)___________ from the space, we find the earth blue.
__________ from the space, the earth ___________.
2) 连词+分词/句子
When ______________(heat), the ice can turn into water.
While _______________(read) the book, he fell asleep.
If ____________(give) another chance, he will succeed.
诊断练习：
一、填空
A.① I want one magazine ______ . ( read )
② My teacher wanted me ______ this question . ( answer )
③ The woman wanted her husband ______ at once . ( examine )
④ My bicycle wants _______ . ( repair )
B.① What made you ______ so ( think )
② The girl was made _____ a man she didn't love at all . ( marry )
③ The show made me _______ in the study of science . ( interest )
④ He raised the picture to make everyone _______ clearly . ( see )
⑤ He raised his voice to make himself _______ . ( hear )
⑥ My father himself made some candles _______ light . ( give )
⑦ The boss made the workers _______ day and night . ( work )
C ① You'd better get your own room _______ . ( clean )
② Yesterday he got his wallet _______ . ( steal )
③ You should get your friends _______ you . ( help )
④ The lecture got us _______ . ( think )
⑤ Don't get ________ in the rain . ( catch )
D ① Did you see somebody _______ into the room ( steal )
② I saw him _______ in the room at that time . ( read )
③ She was glad to see her child ________ good care of . ( take )
④ I saw her _______ at the windows , thinking . ( seat )
⑤ She was seen ________ here . ( come )
E ① I like _______ very much . ( swim )
② I don't like _______ TV at this time . ( watch )
③ He never likes _______ at the meeting . ( praise )
④ I feel like _______ to the cinema . ( go )
⑤ Would you like ______ with me ( go )
F ① The man ______ at the meeting now is from the south . ( speak
② I don't know the professor ___ at the meeting tomorrow .( speak )
③ He is the professor _______ to dinner . ( invite )
G ①It was so cold and he had the fire ____all night long . ( burn
② I have a lot of exercises ________ today . ( do )
③ "Do you have nay clothes _______ today "asked Mother . ( wash )
④ You'd better have that bad tooth _______ out . ( pull )
⑤ I want to have him _______ a car for me . ( find )
H.① He doesn't do anything but _______ all day . ( play )
② We have no choice but _______ . ( obey )
③ I'm thinking of how _______ my English . ( improve )
④ He made an apology for _____ late . ( be )
I.① He told us about his trip in an _______ voice . ( excite )
② He told us his story in a _______ voice . ( tremble )
③ At the sight of a snake , the little girl was very _______. ( frighten )
④ The boy was _______ , so I didn't believe him again . ( disappoint )
J.① He is looking forward to ______ college . ( enter )
② He is looking forward to _____ nothing . ( see )
K.① When he heard the news , he couldn't help ________ with joy . ( jump )
② I couldn't help ______ by the beauty of nature . ( strike )
③ Sorry , I can't help ______ the housework today . ( do )
L ①______ enough time , we'll do it better . ( give )
②______ a candle , he went on reading . ( light )
③______ from the hill , the park looks more beautiful . ( see )
④______ the people well , we must work hard at our lessons . ( serve )
二、选择
1._______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
2．Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help. B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
3. ---- Do let your mother know all the truth.
----- She appears ________ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
4. Robert is said ________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study c. to be studying D. to have been studying
5．European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes c. made D. to make
6. _____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
7.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
8. I have worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
9. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ________ “To miss you, I’ll call you later.”
A. read B. written C. said D. reading
10. Cleaning women in gig cities usually get ____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
11. I would love ________ to the party last night but to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
12. The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
13.——You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting,
—— Well, now I regret _______ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
15.The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first played
夯滚练习(2006高考题)
1．(全国卷I）32. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
2．(全国卷2)17. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _______ that all children like these things.
A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought
3．(北京卷)28. There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
4．(北京卷)35. I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______ talking while she works.
A. working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C. working ; to stop D. to work ; to stop
5．(上海春)29. The parents suggested ___ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept
6．(上海春)36. There are hundreds of visitors _______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait
7．(上海春)38. ______ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.
A. Improving B. To improve C. Having improved D. Improved
8．(上海春)39. In the dream Peter saw himself ___ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased
9．(上海春)40. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and ___ new policies according to WTO requirements.
A. forming B. to form C. to be forming D. have formed
10．(天津卷)7. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
11．(重庆卷)26.Isn't it time you got down to _______ the papers
A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking
12．(辽宁卷)25.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most were from Germany. （+定语从句）
A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
13．(四川卷)26. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
14．(四川卷)27. ---Did you enjoy yourself at the party (+比较级)
---Yes. I've never been to ________ one before.
A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
15．(四川卷)33. ________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
16．(江西卷)29．After he became conscious，he remembered ____ and _____ on the head with a rod．
A．to attack; hit B．to be attacked；to be hit
C. attacking；be hit D．having been attacked；hit
17．(江西卷)32．It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness_________.
A．to make B．to be made C．making D．being made
18．(陕西卷)13.It is difficult to imagine his ________ the decision without any consideration.
A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted
19．(陕西卷)18. He hurried to the booking office only ________ that all the tickets had been sold out.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
20．(福建卷)33._______for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
21．(湖北卷)33. AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been
22．(湖北卷)34. Don't sit there ________ e and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
23．(湖南卷)21.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
24．(湖南卷)28.If you think that treating a woman well means always _____ her permission for things, think again.
A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting
25．(湖南卷)33. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting ___________.
A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using
26．(江苏卷)30. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing.
A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said
27．(江苏卷)32. --- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
--- My goodness! I can’t imagine _________ that old.
A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been
28．(广东卷)29. No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed
29．(广东卷)30. this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.
A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
30．(浙江卷)5. When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
31．(浙江卷)18. It remains ________ whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
32．(安徽省)21．My cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits．
A．brought B．bringing C．to bring D．had brought
33．(安徽省)35．Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ____________ ．
A．blamed B．blaming C．to blame D．to be blamed
34．(山东卷)29. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ____ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given
35．(山东卷)33.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost
36．(安徽省)28．Tom sounds very much in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it．
A．interested B．interesting C．interestingly D．interestedly
巩固练习（2005高考题）
1．. (北京卷) When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but not ____.
A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave
2. (北京卷) The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
3. (北京卷)I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
4.（山东卷）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
5. (广东卷)He glanced over at her, ____ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
6. (广东卷) He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
7.（湖北卷）The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well_________ .
A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending
8.（湖北卷）______from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A．Being separated B．Having separated C．Having been separated D．To be separated
9.（湖南卷）_________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
10.（湖南卷）I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
11. (江苏卷) ---- Is Bob still performing
---- I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
12. (江苏卷)____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
13. (江西卷)_____ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A．Having given up hope of cure B．With no hope for cure
C．There being hope for cure D．In the hope of cure
14. (江西卷)I think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better.
A．liking B．to be like C．to like D．to be liking
15. (江西卷)The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A．who has made B．having made C．made D．making
16.（全国卷3）While watching television, __________.
A．the doorbell rang B．the doorbell rings
C．we heard the doorbell ring D．we heard the doorbell rings
17.（全国卷3）“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________ away.
A．run B．running C．to run D．ran
18.（全国卷1）The storm left , ________ a lot of damage to this area .
A．caused B．to have caused C．to cause D．having caused
19.（上海卷）He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
20.（上海卷）______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
21.（上海卷）It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have D. have
22.（上海卷）More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
23.（浙江卷） _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.
A．To find out B．Finding out C．Find out D．Having found out
24.（重庆卷）26. Daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ____fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
25.（天津卷）You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
26.（天津卷）I don't want _______like I' m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
27.（安徽卷）I really can't understand ______ her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
28.（辽宁卷）All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.
A．in order to have received B．in order to receive
C．so as to be received D．so as to be receiving
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