初步掌握非谓语动词的基本结构及用法知识精讲[上学期]

初步掌握非谓语动词的基本结构及用法知识精讲
一. 本周教学内容
初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法
二. 教学重难点
掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分
（一）非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。
非谓语分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。（动名词和现在分词形式相同）
以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分：
成分类别 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
现在分词：（doing，having done，being done，having been done）
1. 现在分词在句子中做表语。（即进行时态）
如：
He is playing football on the playground.
I was studying English from 1991 to 1999.
2. 现在分词在句子中做定语。
如：
Do you know the man speaking to my teacher
I saw a sleeping cat when I entered the room.
3. 现在分词在句子中做状语。现在分词在句子中做状语表示在主句动作发生的同时，主语又发生的事情。
如：
The boy sat there thinking about his plan.
The man looked at his broken car, wondering how much it will cost to get it repaired.
Having finished his breakfast, Tom went to school.
Being highly praised, he thought of another great adventure.
注意：非谓语做状语的时候，其逻辑主语一定是主句的主语，
如：
Having examined him, the doctor told him OK.
Having been examined, he was told OK.
特例：不需与主句主语一致的现在分词状语有：judging from/by， generally speaking，considering，talking of，supposing，beginning等）
4. 在句子中做宾补。（以现在分词做宾补的动词主要有：mind，suggest， imagine，see，
hear，feel，smell，taste，keep等）
如：
Can you imagine him waiting here for another 2 hours
He suggested us going home and coming here tomorrow.
She smelt something burning.
She just kept her students cleaning the classroom every day.
We were suggested going home.
He was seen playing the violin wonderfully.
过去分词：
1. 过去分词在句子中做表语。（即被动语态）
如：
His job has been finished.
She is highly praised.
2. 过去分词在句子中做定语。
如：
Do you know the difference between written and spoken English
The house with a broken window is his.
The window broken by him is being repaired now.
3. 过去分词在句子中做宾补。（接过去分词做宾补的动词主要有：get，make，have，
see，hear等）
He has had/made/got his hair cut.
She saw her husband killed in the war.
His hair was made cut.
She was heard awarded the Oscar award.
4. 过去分词做状语。
注意非谓语做状语的时候，主语与非谓语的一致问题。
Permitted, he would have succeeded in doing that.
讨论：此句为什么不用having been permitted
本句的句意是“如果当时他被允许（做这件事）的话，他本会成功的”
过去分词做状语可以表示条件，与if + done可以互换。
而现在分词中的完成被动式不可以，它只可以表示完成被动，
而且只有非谓语与谓语是很鲜明的先后关系时才可以用（平时很少用到）
如：
Having been finished, his homework was sent to his teacher to be corrected.
如果非谓语与谓语是一般的先后关系的话，直接用过去分词即可
如：
Guided by the guide, he found the place easily.
Scolded by the teacher, he felt very depressed.
英语中用主动表示被动的情况
1. 在不定式做定语时，如果不定式的真正主语（未必是本句的主语）出现了的话，要
用主动语态代替被动语态。
如：
I have some homework to do.
I have some homework for you to do.
I have some homework to be done.
There is some homework to do/to be done.
There is some homework for us to do.
The building to be built is our new library.
The building for them to build is our new library.
2. 出现在表示主语性质的形容词后面的不定式，要用主动语态代替被动语态。
如：
This book is easy to read.
This TV is cheap to buy.
3. 谓语动词在表示主语性质的时候，要用主动语态代替被动语态。
如：
This kind of books sell well.
This pen writes well.
Don’t drop the ink over your clothes. It doesn’t wash out.
4. 一些词组中的动名词的用法。（be worth doing，need/want/require/deserve）
如：
The car needs/wants/requires repairing.
This book deserves/is worth reading.
【典型例题】
[例1] His speech in English was difficult .
A. in following B. for being followed
C. to follow D. to be followed by
（答案为C，不定式在表示主语性质的形容词后面要用主动表被动）
[例2] Do you think him easy
A. to get along with B. to get along
C. to be got along with D. to be got along
（答案为A，同上）
[例3] Is this your ______ stick
A. walk B. walked C. walking D. to walk
（答案为C，动名词做定语表示用途）
[例4] They are thinking about ______ off ______ the meeting.
A. put, hold B. putting, holding
C. putting, hold D. put, holding
（答案为B，动名词做宾语）
[例5] They sat there, ______ what to do.
A. knowing B. didn’t know
C. don’t know D. not knowing
（答案为D，现在分词做状语，否定式）
[例6] Are you going to attend the meeting ______ next Monday
A. held B. to hold C. to be held D. being held
（答案为C，被动+将来，用不定式被动）
[例7] He kept the window ______ for another 2 hours.
A. open B. opened C. opening D. close
（答案为A，形容词做宾补，open是暂转动词，它的被动语态也是暂转动词，故B不正确）
[例8] ______ more time, he could do it better.
A. Giving B. Given
C. To give D. Having given
（答案为B，过去分词做状语表完成被动）
[例9] He was punished for ______ the window.
A. his broken B. his breaking
C. having broken D. broken
（答案为C，介词后面的动名词，注意此句中应用完成）
[例10] ______ care of the baby, or it may fall ill.
A. Taking B. To take C. Taken D. Take
（答案为D，祈使句，两句间有连词or证明是复合句，那么前面的句子一定要有一个谓语。）
[例11] ______ across the railway, a train hit it.
A. Walking B. While walking
C. As it was walking D. While it was walking
（答案为D，非谓语做状语的时候，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，因此AB均不对，C的连词as用于“与此同时”，故也不正确。注：while与when都可以表示“正当…”）
[例12] ______ from his accent（口音）, he must be from America.
A. Judging B. Judged
C. Being judged D. To judge
（答案为A，主语与非谓语不一致的例子之一）
1. It’s well worth ______ the effort to learn how to do it.
A. making B. being made C. to make D. to be made
2. The detective, ______ to read a newspaper, glanced at the man ______ next to a woman.
A. pretending, seating B. pretending, seated
C. pretended, seating D. pretended, seated
3. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before ______.
A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted
C. fully accepting D. fully being accepted
4. ______ ill worried my parents greatly.
A. I fell B. Me falling C. My falling D. I falling
5. She suggested _______ for an outing the next Sunday.
A. go B. to go C. going D. gone
6. He asked who was the man ______ on.
A. to be operating B. operating
C. to operate D. being operated
7. She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, ______ him to attend the meeting.
A. having invited B. inviting C. to invite D. invited
8. _______, he went to ask his teacher for help.
A. Not known how to do it B. Unknown how to do
C. Knowing how to do D. Not knowing how to do it
9. It is no use ______ that you didn’t know the rules.
A. pretend B. to pretend C. pretending D. pretended
10. The building ______ is for our teachers.
A. has built B. to be building C. being built D. to build
11. The dictionary ______ on the desk belongs to LiTao.
A. lay B. laying C. lying D. laid
12. The lady ______ an expensive diamond necklace looked ______.
A. wearing, worried B. wore, worried
C. wears, worrying D. wore, worrying
13. We appreciate（赞赏） ______ the problem with you again.
A. to discuss B. to be discussing
C. discussing D. having discussed
14. The old man needs ______.
A. to look after B. looking after
C. being looked after D. to be looking after
15. My favorite sports are ______.
A. swimming and skating B. to swim and skate
C. to swim and skating D. swimming and to skate
16. I can hardly imagine John ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in 5 days.
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
17. Look around when ______ the street.
A. you crossing B. to cross C. crossing D. crossed
18. Did you see ______ towards us
A. she running B. she run C. her run D. her running
19. Not until Jane got off the bus did she find her wallet ______.
A. missed B. missing C. losing D. lose
20. The mother asked her daughter not to delay ______ the paper.
A. handing in B. to hand in C. hand in D. having handed in
[参考答案]
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11—20 CACBACCDBA
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