高考总复习之定语从句引导词的选用技巧[下学期]
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| 名称 | 高考总复习之定语从句引导词的选用技巧[下学期] |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-08-30 22:27:00 | ||
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高考总复习之定语从句引导词的选用技巧
考点一. 关系代词与关系副词的选用：
关系代词和关系副词是用来引导定语从句，代替先行词，在定语从句中作某个成份的词。选择关系代词和副词，关键取决于在定语从句中所作的成份和所指代的具体内容。如果从句中缺少主语，表语，宾语或定语，就考虑用关系代词;如果缺少状语，就考虑用关系副词。
例1.There were dirty marks on her trousers _________ she had wiped her hands .(2004吉林)
A．where B. which C. when D. that
[析]：答案为A，引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于on her house ,可用 on which 代替 where .
例2.Can you tell me the museum_______ you visited last year （上海90）
A．what B．where C．/ D． when
[析]:答案为C. 引导词在定语从句中代替 the museum 作 visited 的宾语，可用which / that/ …;如果将句中visited 换成不及物动词worked, 则必须选where.
下列情况下，限制性定语从句中通常用that 指代人或物，不用who/ whom /which ．
a) 当先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时，例如：
This is the best story that I have ever read ．
b) 当先行词是all, everything ,anything ,nothing, little, much等不定代词时。
All (that) I want is peace and quiet .
c) 当先行词被序数词或no/any/the same/ very / only / last 等所修饰时
Please give the note to the first man that comes here.
d) 先行词既有人又包括物时。
We talked about the people and things that we remembered at school.
e) 主句是who,或which引导的特殊问句时。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
例1. That’s an unpleasant things to say about your father after ________ he’s done for you . (2004吉林、四川等)
A. something B. anything C. all D. that
[析]:答案为C. 定语从句he’s done for you前缺少先行词,根据意思选all，其后省略关系代词that.
例2. Playing tricks on others is _______ we should never do. (2004湖南)
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
[析]:答案为B. 定语从句we should never do前缺少先行词,根据意思选something，其后省略关系代词that.
考点二 .介词之后的关系代词的选用
紧跟在介词之后的关系代词不能用that也不能省略，而且通常只有三个即：whom(指人)，which(指物/事)，whose (指人/物，且后须跟名词，作定语)。应注意如下几点：
(一)：介词的选用依据:
1.依据定语从句的含义及句子结构的需要:
例1:There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, five are mine.
A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which （NMET2004）
[析]:答案为C.根据句意应为“这十一本书中，五本是我的.” of which 指of the eleven books.
例2:In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.________ many people have gone home .
A． whose B． that C． on which D． by which time (上海95)
[析]：答案为D．定语从句用完成时，由此可判断定语从句中的时间状语应在5：30p.m之前，所以用介词by．
2：根据先行词 与介词的习惯搭配来选择：
例:The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success . （2004河南、河北等）
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
[析]:答案为C. in which 指in the English play；
3：根据定语从句谓语动词与介词的搭配来选择：
例: American women usually identify their best friends as someone ________ they can talk frequently . (2004上海)
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
[析]:答案为D.通过动词短语talk with sb. about sth.和先行词是“人”得出答案；
(二)：“介词+关系代词”的复杂化
即：复合介词/名/代词/数/形容词最高级+of+关系代词
例:There are two buildings ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.（2004河北等）
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
[析]:答案为D. the larger of which 相当于the larger of the two buildings.
考点三.关系代词as的选用
关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句时，as代替整个主句内容，as在从句中可以充当主语/宾语/表语。
注意与which的区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之前，之后或插在主句中；而which 引导的定语从句不能放在句首。as有“正如”，“就象”之意，后面常接be known,be said,be reported,be expected,be mentioned等被动结构，表示看法，态度，依据，解释，或评论；而which 用来表明事物的状态或结果。
1. _______ reported in the newspaper .talks between the countries are making progress .
A. It B. As C. That D. What (2004北京)
2. ________ is often the case ,we have worked out the production plan .
A. Which B. When C. What D. As (2004江苏)
[析]:答案分别为BD.上面二小题的定语从句均位于句首，因此只能用关系代词as而不能用which引导。
考点四：非限制性定语从句中关系词的选用
which 引导的非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的内容补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然是完整的，常用逗号隔开.关系代词一般不用that .
例1：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others ._______ of course ,made the others envy him. (2004天津)
A. who B. that C. what D. which
[析]：答案为D.虽然that 也可指代前面整个句子的内容，但它们是人称代词，不能引导从句，所以只能用关系代词which引导定语从句。
例2：Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. this C. which D. what (NMET2000)
[析]：答案为C. which 引导的非限制性定语从句对先行词的内容补充说明.
考点五：关系代词whose的选用
whose在引导的定语从句中作定语，whose既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，表示：“… …的”.有时相当于“the+名词+of+ which/whom”.或with短语.
例1: George Orwell _______ was Eric Arthur ,wrote many political novels and essays .（2004北京）
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
[析]：答案为 D. whose real name指George Orwell's real name
例2:Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of whose C. its price D. whose price
[析]：答案为 D. whose price=the price of which
考点六：the way 引导的定语从句
1. What surprised me was not what he said but _______ he said it .(2004湖北)
A. the way B. in the way C. in the way D. the way which
[析]：答案为 A. the way后的定语从句可用in which或that引导，也可以省略关系词。
考点一. 关系代词与关系副词的选用：
关系代词和关系副词是用来引导定语从句，代替先行词，在定语从句中作某个成份的词。选择关系代词和副词，关键取决于在定语从句中所作的成份和所指代的具体内容。如果从句中缺少主语，表语，宾语或定语，就考虑用关系代词;如果缺少状语，就考虑用关系副词。
例1.There were dirty marks on her trousers _________ she had wiped her hands .(2004吉林)
A．where B. which C. when D. that
[析]：答案为A，引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于on her house ,可用 on which 代替 where .
例2.Can you tell me the museum_______ you visited last year （上海90）
A．what B．where C．/ D． when
[析]:答案为C. 引导词在定语从句中代替 the museum 作 visited 的宾语，可用which / that/ …;如果将句中visited 换成不及物动词worked, 则必须选where.
下列情况下，限制性定语从句中通常用that 指代人或物，不用who/ whom /which ．
a) 当先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时，例如：
This is the best story that I have ever read ．
b) 当先行词是all, everything ,anything ,nothing, little, much等不定代词时。
All (that) I want is peace and quiet .
c) 当先行词被序数词或no/any/the same/ very / only / last 等所修饰时
Please give the note to the first man that comes here.
d) 先行词既有人又包括物时。
We talked about the people and things that we remembered at school.
e) 主句是who,或which引导的特殊问句时。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
例1. That’s an unpleasant things to say about your father after ________ he’s done for you . (2004吉林、四川等)
A. something B. anything C. all D. that
[析]:答案为C. 定语从句he’s done for you前缺少先行词,根据意思选all，其后省略关系代词that.
例2. Playing tricks on others is _______ we should never do. (2004湖南)
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
[析]:答案为B. 定语从句we should never do前缺少先行词,根据意思选something，其后省略关系代词that.
考点二 .介词之后的关系代词的选用
紧跟在介词之后的关系代词不能用that也不能省略，而且通常只有三个即：whom(指人)，which(指物/事)，whose (指人/物，且后须跟名词，作定语)。应注意如下几点：
(一)：介词的选用依据:
1.依据定语从句的含义及句子结构的需要:
例1:There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, five are mine.
A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which （NMET2004）
[析]:答案为C.根据句意应为“这十一本书中，五本是我的.” of which 指of the eleven books.
例2:In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.________ many people have gone home .
A． whose B． that C． on which D． by which time (上海95)
[析]：答案为D．定语从句用完成时，由此可判断定语从句中的时间状语应在5：30p.m之前，所以用介词by．
2：根据先行词 与介词的习惯搭配来选择：
例:The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success . （2004河南、河北等）
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
[析]:答案为C. in which 指in the English play；
3：根据定语从句谓语动词与介词的搭配来选择：
例: American women usually identify their best friends as someone ________ they can talk frequently . (2004上海)
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
[析]:答案为D.通过动词短语talk with sb. about sth.和先行词是“人”得出答案；
(二)：“介词+关系代词”的复杂化
即：复合介词/名/代词/数/形容词最高级+of+关系代词
例:There are two buildings ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.（2004河北等）
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
[析]:答案为D. the larger of which 相当于the larger of the two buildings.
考点三.关系代词as的选用
关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句时，as代替整个主句内容，as在从句中可以充当主语/宾语/表语。
注意与which的区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之前，之后或插在主句中；而which 引导的定语从句不能放在句首。as有“正如”，“就象”之意，后面常接be known,be said,be reported,be expected,be mentioned等被动结构，表示看法，态度，依据，解释，或评论；而which 用来表明事物的状态或结果。
1. _______ reported in the newspaper .talks between the countries are making progress .
A. It B. As C. That D. What (2004北京)
2. ________ is often the case ,we have worked out the production plan .
A. Which B. When C. What D. As (2004江苏)
[析]:答案分别为BD.上面二小题的定语从句均位于句首，因此只能用关系代词as而不能用which引导。
考点四：非限制性定语从句中关系词的选用
which 引导的非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的内容补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然是完整的，常用逗号隔开.关系代词一般不用that .
例1：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others ._______ of course ,made the others envy him. (2004天津)
A. who B. that C. what D. which
[析]：答案为D.虽然that 也可指代前面整个句子的内容，但它们是人称代词，不能引导从句，所以只能用关系代词which引导定语从句。
例2：Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. this C. which D. what (NMET2000)
[析]：答案为C. which 引导的非限制性定语从句对先行词的内容补充说明.
考点五：关系代词whose的选用
whose在引导的定语从句中作定语，whose既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，表示：“… …的”.有时相当于“the+名词+of+ which/whom”.或with短语.
例1: George Orwell _______ was Eric Arthur ,wrote many political novels and essays .（2004北京）
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
[析]：答案为 D. whose real name指George Orwell's real name
例2:Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of whose C. its price D. whose price
[析]：答案为 D. whose price=the price of which
考点六：the way 引导的定语从句
1. What surprised me was not what he said but _______ he said it .(2004湖北)
A. the way B. in the way C. in the way D. the way which
[析]：答案为 A. the way后的定语从句可用in which或that引导，也可以省略关系词。