10 文化新闻摘要（一）
DATE=3-6-01
TITLE=SCIENCE IN THE NEWS #2114 - Digest
BYLINE=Staff
VOICE ONE:
This is Bob (1)Doughty.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Sarah Long with Science in the News, a VOA Special English program about recent (2)developments in science. Today, we tell about an American study of an ancient Chinese (3)treatment. And we tell why breast-feeding is important to both babies and their mothers.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
An American government health agency is studying an ancient Chinese treatment to see if it helps patients with arthritis. Almost six-hundred (4)patients over age fifty will take part in a test of (5)acupuncture. Acupuncture is the (6)ancient Chinese method of easing pain, treating disease and improving (7)general health. During acupuncture, very small, sharp needles are placed in the skin at targeted body points. Millions of people in many countries have tried acupuncture to ease pain. But researchers still do not fully understand how it works.
Researchers organized the study to find out if acupuncture can help (8)arthritis of the knee. Millions of older Americans suffer from the problem. The disease damages the (9)knee joint -- the place where the bones connect. Arthritis can make moving the knee joint very painful. Arthritis is caused by the (10)destruction of (11)cartilage. This is the connective (12)tissue at the ends of bones that permits the bones to slide (13)smoothly across one another.
VOICE TWO:
Acupuncture for arthritis is among several treatments being tested by the National Center for (14)Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The agency is part of the National (15)Institutes of Health, near Washington, D-C.
Alternative usually means a medicine or treatment used in place of a traditional one. Complementary usually means treatments used with other methods.
Congress created the National Center for Complementary and (16)Alternative Medicine in Nineteen-Ninety-Eight. Its major goal is to prove which treatments can help patients. It also will warn the public about unsafe or useless treatments.
VOICE ONE:
The World Health Organization says acupuncture can help patients with arthritis. Chinese and some European health experts often use the treatment for the disease. However, the new study is the first scientifically controlled American study of acupuncture with a large number of patients. Brian Berman leads the (17)project. Doctor Berman is a researcher at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore.
Patients at three medical centers are taking part in the study. One is the University of Maryland medical center. Another is a private research center in Catonsville, Maryland. The third is the Hospital for Special (18)Surgery in New York City.
VOICE TWO:
The study is trying to find out if (19)traditional Chinese acupuncture is an effective treatment for arthritis. One group of patients is receiving true acupuncture. They are having (20)needles placed in their (21)skin at traditional acupuncture points designed to help arthritis of the knee. The other group is receiving false acupuncture. They are having needles placed in other areas. The researchers say they can perform the acupuncture so patients will not know which kind they are receiving.
The patients receive two treatments a week for the first eight weeks. Then they are treated less often for eighteen weeks. The researchers will (22)publish their findings after six months. The study also will measure the effectiveness of true acupuncture compared with an information program. The National Arthritis Foundation will offer information and suggestions for some of the patients.
VOICE ONE:
The scientists will continue studying the patients for four years. They want to learn if acupuncture reduces the patients' need for drugs or operations.
Earlier studies have shown that traditional Chinese acupuncture may increase the production of natural pain-reducing chemicals in the body. These endorphins are released in the brain, spinal cord and pituitary gland. Acupuncture also may release neurotransmitters. These are chemicals that carry messages in the nervous system. And it may activate nerve pathways that are important in the control of pain.
VOICE TWO:
People in China have used acupuncture for more than two-thousand-five-hundred years. It developed from the ancient Chinese theory of the forces called yin and yang. These forces act in the whole universe as well as in the human body. Chinese (23)medicine says an (24)incorrect balance between yin and yang causes problems in the body. The goal of Chinese health care is to return (25)balance to the body.
Chinese doctors believe an (26)imbalance of yin and yang blocks an important life force. This force is called ch'i (CHEE). The energy of the ch'i flows through twelve (27)pathways of the body called meridians.
VOICE ONE:
Each (28)meridian is linked with a (29)major organ, such as the heart or liver. Meridians also are linked to systems of the body, such as the (30)digestive system. Pain is believed to result from (31)blockages in energy flow.
Acupuncture is designed to affect the yin and yang in the meridians so that the ch'i will be able to flow freely. Modern Chinese acupuncture experts use it to treat conditions including (32)headache and stomach problems. In China, acupuncture also is used to block pain in patients having operations.
VOICE TWO:
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine is carrying out another study about arthritis. It is studying two popular (33)nutritional substances. They are (34)glucosamine (glue-COH-sa-meen) and (35)chondroitin (con-DROY-tin) sulfate. Many Americans take these substances to ease the pain of arthritis. One-thousand-two-hundred patients are taking part in the study.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
You are listening to the Special English program SCIENCE IN THE NEWS on VOA. This is Bob Doughty with Sarah Long in Washington.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
Doctors are concerned that women in industrial nations are not breast-feeding their babies long enough. Now, two new scientific studies show how important breast-feeding is to both babies and mothers.
A recent medical study shows that breast-feeding improves the health of babies. The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Researchers studied more than seventeen-thousand mothers and their babies in the former (36)Soviet (37)Republic of Belarus. Almost all the mothers breast-fed their babies. However, one-half of the mothers breast-fed longer than the other half.
VOICE TWO:
The study found that the babies who were breast-fed for longer periods of time had forty percent fewer infections of the stomach and intestines. The research also showed that these babies had fewer skin problems.
Michael Kramer of McGill University in (38)Montreal, Canada was one of the research leaders. Doctor Kramer says the number of mothers who do not breast-feed is too high. He says many mothers stop breast-feeding too early, or give their babies solid food too early.
VOICE ONE:
The other study was done in Shandong Province, China. Researchers from Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut carried out the study. They studied more than seven-hundred Chinese women.
The study found that women who breast-fed their babies for more than two years reduced their risk of (39)developing breast cancer by about fifty percent. The study compared women who breast-fed for two years and women who did so for only six months. The researchers also noted that women who breast-fed for at least seventy-three months during their life had a much lower risk of (40)breast (41)cancer.
VOICE TWO:
The study did not explore why breast-feeding may reduce the risk of breast cancer. One (42)theory is that breast-feeding suppresses the hormone estrogen which has been linked to breast cancer.
Women in China and other developing (43)countries normally breast-feed their babies for two years or longer. This is not true in the United States. American government health studies show that sixty-four percent of mothers breast-fed after giving birth. But only about thirty percent continue after six months. Public health officials want more American women to breast-feed their babies for at least one year.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS program was written by Jerilyn Watson and Mario Ritter. It was produced by George Grow. This is Bob Doughty.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Sarah Long. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.
(1) doughty[ ?????? ]adj.强的, 刚强的, 勇敢的
(2) development[ ???????????? ]n.发展
(3) treatment[ ?????????? ]n.待遇, 对待, 处理, 治疗
(4) patient[ ???????? ]n.病人, 患者adj.忍耐的, 耐心的
(5) acupuncture[??????????????)]n.针刺疗法v.施行针刺疗法
(6) ancient[ ???????t ] adj.远古的, 旧的
(7) general[ ????????? ]n.普通, adj.一般的, 普通的, 综合的, 概括的, 全面的,
(8) arthritis[ ?????????? ]n.关节炎
(9) knee[ ??: ]n.膝, 膝盖
(10) destruction[ ??????????? ]n.破坏, 毁灭
(11) cartilage[ ?????????? ]n.[解剖]软骨
(12) tissue[ ??????: ]n.薄的纱织品, 薄纸, [生]组织, 连篇
(13) smoothly[????????]adv.平稳地
(14) complementary[??????????????]adj.补充的, 补足的
(15) institute[ ?????????:t ]n.学会, 学院, 协会vt.创立, 开始, 制定, 开始(调查), 提起(诉讼)
(16) alternative[??????????????]n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物adj.选择性的,
(17) project[ ????????? ]n.计划, 方案, 事业, 企业, 工程v.设计, 计划, 投射, 放映, 射
(18) surgery[ ????????? ]n.外科, 外科学, 手术室, 诊疗室
(19) traditional[?????????????]adj.传统的, 惯例的, 口传的, 传说的
(20) needle[ ???:dl ]n.针
(21) skin[ ???? ]n.皮, 皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛, 外皮, 外壳v.长皮
(22) publish[ ??????? ]v.出版, 刊印vt.公布, 发表
(23) medicine[ ???????, -disin ]n.药, 医学, 内科学, 内服药vt.给...用药
(24) incorrect[ ?????????? ]adj.错误的, 不正确的
(25) balance[???????]n.秤, 天平, 平衡, [商] 收支差额, v.平衡, 称, 对比, n.资产平稳表
(26) imbalance[ ????????? ]n.不平衡, 不均衡
(27) pathway[ ???:???? ]n.路, 径
(28) meridian[ ????????? ]n.子午线, 正午, 顶点, 全盛时期adj.子午线的, 正午的,
(29) major[ ??????? ]n.<美>[教]主修课, [乐]大调adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的vi.主修
(30) digestive[ ??????????, dai- ]adj.消化的, 有助消化的
(31) blockage[ ???????? ]n.封锁, 妨碍
(32) headache[???????]n.头痛, 令人头痛之事
(33) nutritional[???: `????????]adj.营养的, 滋养的
(34) glucosamine[ ?lu:????????:n ]n.[生化]葡(萄)糖胺,氨基葡(萄)糖
(35) chondroitin[ ???????????? ]n.[生化]软骨素
(36) Soviet[ ???????? ]adj.苏联的
(37) republic[ ????????? ]n.共和国, 共和政体adj.共和的
(38) Montreal[ ?????????:l ]n. 蒙特利尔（加拿大）
(39) developing[ ?????????? ]adj.发展中的
(40) breast[ ????? ]n.胸部, 乳房, 胸怀, 心情vt.以胸对着, 对付
(41) cancer[ ?????? ]n.癌, 毒瘤
(42) theory[ ?????? ]n.理论, 学说, ...论, 原理, 意见, 推测
(43) country[ ??????? ].国家, 国土, [总称]国民, 乡村, 故乡adj.乡下的, 乡村的, [方]祖国的
11 美国第五大河流--格兰德河
DATE=3-7-01
TITLE=EXPLORATIONS#1942 - Rio Grande, Part 2
BYLINE=Oliver Chanler VOICE ONE:
This is Shirley Griffith.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Steve Ember with the VOA Special English program, (1)EXPLORATIONS. Today, we finish the story of one of the most important rivers in the United States, the Rio Grande. The river flows from the mountains of (2)Colorado south to the Gulf of Mexico. It forms the border between the United States and Mexico for two thousand kilometers.
VOICE ONE:
By the early Fifteen-Hundreds Spanish (3)explorers arrived in the southwest of what is now the United States. They moved up the Rio Grande looking for gold and (4)treasure. They found none. The native Pueblo Indians of New Mexico were friendly until they were treated badly by the Spanish. Then the Indians pushed the (5)invaders out. But the Spanish returned in Sixteen-Ninety-Three. After some fighting, they finally made peace with the (6)Pueblo Indians.
More and more settlers arrived and (7)established new towns along the Rio Grande. Soon people from other countries began arriving. They came from France, England, and, by the end of the Seventeen Hundreds, from the newly formed United States to the east.
VOICE TWO:
By the early Nineteenth Century, Americans had begun settling in the Rio Grande area, especially in the (8)territory of Texas, east of New Mexico. The Spanish government in the American southwest began to lose (9)control as Spain became less powerful in Europe.
Soon more and more people settling near the Rio Grande began to think of themselves as Americans. In Eighteen-Twelve, the Mexican territory of Texas (10)rebelled and declared itself an (11)independent (12)republic. Spain (13)regained control of Texas, but the seeds of (14)revolution had been planted. In Eighteen Twenty-One, Spain withdrew from the Americas.
VOICE ONE:
A new age was beginning in North America. Two young nations, the United States and Mexico, would now decide their own futures and the future of the Rio Grande area. One of the most important questions facing the two countries was who would control Texas.
That was not an easy (15)decision to make. In Eighteen-Twenty-Three, the Mexican government agreed to permit a group of Americans to live in Texas. (16)Mexico said the Americans, led by Stephen Austin, could stay there (17)permanently.
More Americans settled in Texas. Many people wanted to make Texas a part of the United States. At the same time, more (18)Mexicans wanted to push all Americans out of Texas.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
South of the Rio Grande, there were three revolutions in Mexico's first eight years of (19)independence. North of the river, Americans were more and more unhappy with Mexican rule. In Eighteen-Thirty-Two, Stephen Austin went to Mexico City to ask that Texas become a (20)separate Mexican state.
At this time, General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was (21)struggling to gain control of Mexico and become its ruler. He faced a number of (22)rebellions in different parts of the country. (23)General Santa Anna told Stephen Austin he would make Texas a separate Mexican state. Yet events were moving in another (24)direction.
VOICE ONE:
In Texas, demands for change became demands for independence from Mexico. This led to an (25)invasion across the Rio Grande of thousands of soldiers led by General Santa Anna. He planned to quickly (26)crush the rebellion. As Santa Anna moved his army into Texas in Eighteen-Thirty-Six, a group of Texans signed a document (27)declaring Texas an independent nation.
To answer this, General Santa Anna led a strong attack against a group of rebels near the city of San Antonio. The place they attacked was called The Alamo. There were one-hundred-twenty-eight men in the building defending it against the many thousands of soldiers in Santa Anna's army. After many days of fighting, the Mexican army broke through the (28)defenses of the Alamo and killed everyone inside.
VOICE TWO:
Santa Anna and his army began a march across Texas. They (29)burned towns and (30)villages. They (31)chased the small army of Texans but were unable to catch them. The Mexican soldiers were tired. The (32)Texans attacked, shouting "Remember the Alamo". There was a fierce battle. Only forty Mexican soldiers escaped. All the others were killed, wounded or captured. General Santa Anna was among those captured.
General Santa Anna met with Texas (33)leader, General Sam Houston. The Mexican leader agreed that in return for his (34)freedom Texas would become independent from Mexico. He agreed that the Rio Grande would be the border between Texas and Mexico. General Santa Anna went home to Mexico City. The new Republic of Texas looked to the (35)future.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
The future was not all good. (36)President Santa Anna declared war on Texas eight years after his defeat by the Texan army. However, he never carried out his threat of war. He was removed from office. And the next year, Eighteen-Forty-Five, the United States government invited Texas to become a state.
This was not acceptable to Mexico. War began. In Eighteen-Forty-Six, Mexican soldiers (37)crossed the Rio Grande. The Americans quickly defeated the invading army and began moving into Mexico, toward Mexico City. Other American soldiers began moving west into New Mexico. The government in Santa Fe quickly (38)surrendered.
VOICE TWO:
In February Eighteen-Forty-Eight, Mexico surrendered to the American army. The Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo (39)declared the border between the United States and Mexico to be along the Rio Grande and then west to the Pacific Ocean. The new land belonging to the United States included New Mexico, Arizona and Upper California. For all this territory, the United States paid Mexico fifteen-million dollars.
Becoming a part of the United States (40)presented both political and social problems for Texas. The state of Texas permitted slavery. (41)Governor Sam Houston opposed joining the Confederate states that also permitted slavery and were seeking to separate from the United States. He was removed from office. Texas joined the southern states in the Civil War. After the northern forces won the long war and the country united, Texas was re-admitted as a state.
At this time, the expanding population of the Rio Grande country faced other problems. (42)Criminals from both sides of the Rio Grande attacked the people. Also, Indian tribes such as the Apache and Comanche resisted the spread of white (43)settlers into their lands. The settlers were destroying the Indians' way of life. The Indians attacked and killed many white settlers. By Eighteen Seventy Four, government troops had forced many Indian tribes out of their traditional lands.
VOICE ONE:
The United States army also was ordered to take action to stop criminal activities along the Rio Grande. It was given permission to chase criminals across the river into Mexico. Also, the army acted to stop Indian attacks.
Over time, fighting ended in the Rio Grande Valley and the surrounding territory. The United States and Mexico developed friendly relations.
Yet tensions continue along the border between the two countries today. One problem is illegal immigrants. The other is (44)illegal drugs. No one knows for sure how many people cross the border from Mexico to the United States. Officials have (45)estimated that the number is in the millions. The illegal immigrants come from Mexico, and from Central and South America. Most come to the United States for economic or political reasons. A few come to sell illegal drugs. Many of the illegal drugs in the United States are transported across the border.
VOICE TWO:
The river itself can create problems too. The Rio Grande flows where it wants to flow. Dams, (46)canals and other man-made devices cannot always control it.
Most of the water from the upper Rio Grande does not flow into the (47)Gulf of Mexico. Almost all of the water is completely used for agriculture and by cities and towns along the upper part of the river.
VOICE ONE:
Down the river, many springs and several other rivers flow into the Rio Grande, renewing the water supply. Two major dams create electric power and provide water for agriculture and other needs of people living along the lower part of the river. Yet man-made controls do not prevent changes in the path the river takes in many places. Some changes make it difficult to know exactly where the border is between the United States and Mexico. The great river, the Rio Grande, continues to flow across the land and through the history of two countries.
((THEME))
VOICE TWO:
This Special English program was written by Oliver Chanler and produced by Paul Thompson. This is Steve Ember.
VOICE ONE:
And this is Shirley Griffith. Listen again next week for another EXPLORATIONS program on the Voice of America.
(1) exploration[ ??????????????? ]n.探险, 踏勘, 探测, [医](伤处等的)探查, 探察术
(2) Colorado[ ????????:dEu ]美国科罗拉多州(位于美国西部)
(3) explorer[ ???????:??, ???- ][计]Windows资源管理器n.探险家, 探测者, 探测器
(4) treasure[ ?????? ]n.财宝, 财富, 珍品, 财产vt.珍爱, 珍惜, 储藏, 珍藏
(5) invader[ ???????? ]n.侵略者
(6) Pueblo[ ???:?????? ]普韦布洛(美国科罗拉多州中部一城市)
(7) establish [ ????????? ]vt.建立, 设立, 安置, 使定居, 使人民接受, 确定v.建立
(8) territory[ ????????? ]n.领土, 版图, 地域
(9) control[????????]n.控制, 支配, 管理, 调节, 抑制, 控制器, 调节装置vt.控制, 支配, 管理
(10) rebelrebel[ ?????? ]n.造反者, 叛逆者, 反抗者, 叛乱者adj.造反的, 叛逆的,
(11) independent[ ???????????? ]n.中立派, 无党派者adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的
(12) republic[ ????????? ]n.共和国, 共和政体adj.共和的
(13) regain[ ??????? ]v.收回, 恢复, 重到, 重新夺得
(14) revolution[ ????????:??? ]n.革命, 旋转
(15) decision[ ???????? ]n.决定, 决心, 决议, 结果, 果断, 坚定
(16) Mexico[?????????]n.墨西哥(拉丁美洲国家)
(17) permanently[?????????]adv.永存地, 不变地
(18) Mexican[?????????]adj.墨西哥的n.墨西哥人
(19) independence[ ????????????? ]n.独立, 自主
(20) separate[ ????????? ]adj.分开的, 分离的, 个别的, 单独的v.分开, 隔离, 分散, 分别
(21) struggling[?????????? ]adj.奋斗的, 努力的, 苦斗的
(22) rebellion[ ????????? ]n.谋反, 叛乱, 反抗, 不服从
(23) general[ ????????? ]n.普通, 将军, 概要adj.一般的, 普通的, 综合的, 概括的,
(24) direction[ ?????????,??????????? ]n.方向, 指导, 趋势, (常用复数)指示, 用法
(25) invasion[ ????????? ]n.入侵
(26) crush[ ???? ]vt.压碎, 碾碎, 压服, 压垮, 粉碎, (使)变形
(27) declare[ ??????? ]vt.断言, 宣称, 宣布, 宣告, 声明, (向海关)中报进口应纳税之货物
(28) defense[ ??????? ]n.(D-)(美国)国防部, 防卫, 防卫物vt.谋划抵御
(29) burn[ ??:n ]v.烧, 烧焦, 点(灯), 使感觉烧热n.烧伤, 灼伤
(30) village[ ??????? ]n.乡村, 村庄adj.村庄的
(31) chase[ ????? ]n.追赶, 追击vt.追赶, 追逐, 雕镂
(32) Texan[ ??????? ]adj.德克萨斯(人)的
(33) leader[ ???:?? ]n.领导者, 社论n.[计]前导字符n.[机]导杆
(34) freedom[ ????:??? ]n.自由, 自主, 直率, 特权
(35) future[ ????:??? ]n.未来, 将来, 前途, 远景adj.未来的, 将来的
(36) president[ ?????????? ]n.总统, 会长, 校长, 行长
(37) cross[ ???? ] n.十字, 交叉, 十字架, 十字形物adj.交叉的, 相反的, 乖戾的v.使交叉,
(38) surrender[ ???????? ]vt.交出, 放弃, 使投降, 听任vi.投降, 自首n.交出, 放弃,
(39) declare[ ??????? ]vt.断言, 宣称, 宣布, 宣告, 声明, (向海关)中报进口应纳税之货物
(40) present[ ???????t ]n.赠品, 礼物, 现在, 瞄准adj.现在的, 出席的, 当面的vt.介绍, 引见,
(41) governor[ ??????? ]n.统治者, 管理者, 地方长官, 主管人员
(42) criminal[ ???????? ]n.罪犯, 犯罪者adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的
(43) settler[ ?????? ]n.移民者, 殖民者, [律]财产赠予者, 托管财产者
(44) illegal[ ???????? ]adj.违法的, 不合规定的
(45) estimate[ ????????? ]v.估计, 估价, 评估n.估计, 估价, 评估
(46) canal[ ?????? ]n.运河, 小道, 导管, 槽, 沟渠vt.开运河
(47) gulf[ ???? ]n.海湾, 深渊, 漩涡, 隔阂vt.吞没, 使深深卷入
12 啦啦队的由来及发展过程
DATE=3-9-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #808 - Cheerleading
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
HOST:
(Start at 1'01") (1)Cheerleaders are part of (2)athletic competitions throughout the United States. They lead the crowd in cheering for the team it likes best.
((CUT 1: CROWD CHEERING))
Twenty years ago, the purpose of cheerleading was to support a sports team. That is changing. Shep O'Neal tells us how cheerleading is developing into a sport of its own.
ANNCR:
The first organized American sports cheer was created at (3)Princeton University in the Eighteen-Sixties. But organized cheerleading did not begin until Eighteen-Ninety-Eight. That was when a student stood in front of a crowd at a game and led them in cheering for their team. That first cheerleader was Johnny Campbell at the University of (4)Minnesota.
The University of Minnesota also led the movement to make cheerleading a sport. In the Nineteen-Twenties, its cheerleaders began including (5)gymnastic movements in their cheers. This helped cheerleaders become known for their (6)athletic ability. And cheerleading became more interesting to watch.
Most cheerleaders in the early years were men. That changed during World War Two, when large numbers of young men left the country to fight. From that time on, more than ninety percent of cheerleaders have been female.
Cheerleading quickly spread from colleges to high schools. Today most American high schools include cheerleading among their student athletic activities. Thirty percent of the high school teams enter cheerleading competitions. These cheerleaders must be in good physical (7)condition. They must be able to jump high, turn circles in the air and lift each other. Some teams train all year long. As many as twenty-thousand girls attend cheerleading camps in the summer to improve their skills and learn new moves.
Some people say cheerleading is not a sport because it does not have (8)unified rules. Rules for competitions among cheerleading teams are different depending on the group organizing the (9)contest. Experts do agree, however, that cheerleading is an athletic activity requiring physical skill. They also agree that cheerleaders add to the excitement of an athletic event.
外国留学生系列(25):关于宿舍生活
DATE=3-9-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #808 - Foreign Student Series: Part 25, Dormitory Living BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
HOST:
(start at 4'33") Our VOA listener question this week comes in an e-mail from (10)Mongolia. A listener there asks about foreign students living in college (11)dormitories, also called "dorms" or residence (12)halls.
Most American colleges permit foreign students to choose whether they will live in a dorm or in housing that is not owned by the university. Many foreign students say the dorms are cheaper than (13)apartments. They say dorms offer quiet study areas and rooms for social activities or sports. They say dorms are close to places they go every day, like the library, computer center and classrooms. They also say that living in the dorm provides the best chance to get to know other students.
Dormitories may house as few as twelve students or as many as one-thousand. Some dormitories are organized into areas called (14)suites. Suites have several (15)bedrooms, a large living area and a bathroom. Six or more people may live in one suite. Other dorms have many rooms along a hallway. Two students usually live in each room. On each floor of the dorm is a large bathroom for all the students who live on that floor. Sometimes there is also a (16)kitchen for preparing food.
In most universities, males and females live in the same dorm. They may even live on the same floor. But they usually may not live in the same room or suite. Most universities do have some separate dorms for men and women. They may also have special dorms that do not permit smoking or require all students to speak a foreign language.
Ed Spencer is the Chief Housing Officer at the Virginia (17)Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. Mister Spencer says many American universities are willing to change some policies so foreign students are happy living in the dorms. For example, he says Virginia Tech changed its policy banning (18)candles in the dorms so that foreign students could hold (19)ceremonies that require burning candles.
Mister Spencer says foreign students should ask university officials questions before deciding where to live. For example: Does the university provide special kinds of food the student may require? Will the university provide a single room if the student prefers not to live so closely with others? Do any of the dorms have (20)private bathing areas? Mister Spencer says it is important for all students to understand the (21)rules of the building in which they live.
简介格莱美奖得主艾米美
DATE=3-9-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #808 - Aimee Mann
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
HOST:
(start at 8'29") Aimee Mann is an American singer and songwriter. She has been a member of a (22)rock group. And she has been (23)nominated for Grammy and Academy awards. Shirley Griffith tells us about her.
ANNCR:
Aimee Mann is forty years old. She grew up in Richmond, Virginia. She studied at the Berklee College of Music in Boston, (24)Massachusetts.
Aimee Mann was a member of the group ‘Til Tuesday during the Nineteen-Eighties. Their hit song was called "Voices Carry."
((CUT 1: VOICES CARRY))
‘Til Tuesday broke up and Aimee Mann began recording alone. She recorded two folk music (25)albums. Critics liked them. But the albums did not sell many copies. Aimee Mann decided to form her own record company. Her first independent album is called "(26)Bachelor Number Two." It has sold at least one-hundred-fifty-thousand copies. Here is a song from that album, "Nothing Is Good Enough."
((CUT 2: NOTHING IS GOOD ENOUGH))
Last year, Aimee Mann was nominated for an Academy Award for music she wrote for the movie "(27)Magnolia." Her music from that movie was also nominated for three Grammy awards this year. We leave you now with Aimee Mann singing one of the songs she wrote for that (28)movie, "Save Me."
(1) cheerleader n.啦啦队队长
(2) athletic[ ???????? ]adj.运动的
(3) Princeton[ ????????? ]n.普林斯顿
(4) Minnesota[ ??????????? ]n.明尼苏达州(美国州名)
(5) gymnastic[ ??????????? ]adj.体操的, 体育的n.训练课程
(6) athletic[ ???????? ]adj.运动的
(7) condition[ ????????? ]n.条件, 情形, 环境, 社会地位vt.以...为条件, 使达到要求的情况
(8) unified[ ?????????? ]统一的, 统一标准的, 一元化的
(9) contest[ ???????? ]n.论争, 竞赛v.,争论, 争辩, 竞赛, 争夺
(10) Mongolia[ ?????????? ]n.蒙古
(11) dormitory[ ????????? ]n.宿舍
(12) hall[????? ]n.会堂, 礼堂, 大厅, 走廊, 门厅
(13) apartment[ ?????????? ]n.<美>公寓住宅, 单元住宅, 房间
(14) suite[ ????? ]n.(一批)随员, (一套)家具, 套房, 套, 组, 组曲
(15) bedroom[ ??????? ]n.卧室
(16) kitchen[ ??????? ]n.厨房, 炊具, 炊事人员
(17) polytechnic[????????????? ]adj.工艺的n.工艺学校
(18) candle[ ?????? ]n.蜡烛vt.对着光检查
(19) ceremony[ ????????? ]n.典礼, 仪式, 礼节, 报幕员
(20) private[ ???????? ]adj.私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的n.士兵
(21) rule[ ???? ]n.规则, 惯例, 统治, 章程, 破折号, 准则, 标准, 控制vt.规定, 统治, 支配，
(22) rock[ ??? ]n.岩石, 暗礁, 石头, 摇动,摇滚乐
(23) nominate[ ????????? ]vt.提名, 推荐, 任命, 命名
(24) Massachusetts[ ?????????????s ]n.麻萨诸塞州
(25) album[ ?????? ]n.集邮本, 照相簿, 签名纪念册
(26) bachelor[ ???????? ]n.单身汉, 文理学士, 幼雄兽
(27) magnolia[ ?????????E ]n.木兰, 玉兰类的植物
(28) movie[ ?????? ]n.电影
