22 专为女人设的"和平奖"
DATE=3-26-01
TITLE=DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Peace Prize for Women
BYLINE=Jill Moss
(Start at 59")This is the VOA Special English Development Report.
Each year, the Nobel (1)Committee in Oslo, Norway (2)announces the winners of its famous Nobel Prizes. Most (3)winners of the Nobel Peace Prize have been men. Only ten percent have been women since the prize was first presented in Nineteen-Oh-One.
Now the United Nations Development Fund for Women and the human rights group International Alert have (4)presented a new (5)award to honor women (6)peacemakers. It is called the Millennium Peace Prize for Women. Officials will present the award every three years. The award recognizes women's actions in building peace, protecting women's human rights and supporting (7)community life during and after war.
Experts say women are usually not as involved in the peace process as men are. However, their work to re-establish normal community life after peace has been reached is very important. Because of this, International Alert says women also need to be recognized as leaders in peace building.
Earlier this month, six women and organizations received the Millennium Peace Prize for Women. One of the winners is the Colombian group Ruta Pacifica de las Mujeres - or Women's Road to Peace. This group has organized protests against the violence between rebel groups and the Colombian government.
The group Leitana Nehan Women's Development Agency also won the peace prize. It helped in the peace process between the(8) military and rebel forces in Papua New Guinea. Another winner is the group Women in Black. It is an international organization that organizes protests against violence, (9)aggression and war.
Flora Brovina also received the peace prize. She organized the League of Albanian Women of Kosovo. Doctor Brovina has taught (10)emergency medical skills to people in Kosovo.
Asma Jahangir and Hina Jilani are also peace prize winners. They worked to support human rights and women's rights in Pakistan. And the leader of the women's movement in Rwanda also won the Millennium Peace Prize, after her death. Veneranda Nzambazamariya helped re-build Rwanda after the mass killings in Nineteen-Ninety-Four. She died in a plane crash last year.
This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Jill Moss.
(1) committee[???????? ]n.委员会
(2) announce[ ??????? ]vt.宣布, 通告
(3) winner[ ????? ]n.胜利者, 优胜者, 获胜的事物
(4) present[ ?????????] vt.介绍, 引见, 给, 赠送, 上演, 提出, 呈现vi.举枪瞄准
(5) award[ ?????? ]n.奖, 奖品vt.授予, 判给
(6) peacemaker[?????????????]n.调解者, 和事佬
(7) community[ ??????????? ]n.公社, 团体, 社会, (政治)共同体, 共有, 一致
(8) military[ ????????? ]adj.军事的, 军用的
(9) aggression[ ???????? ]n.进攻, 侵略
(10) emergency[??????????? ]n.紧急情况, 突然事件, 非常时刻, 紧急事件
23 一位十岁女孩荣获今年的英特科学智能最高奖
DATE=3-28-01
TITLE=SCIENCE REPORT - Intel Science (1)Talent Search
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
(Start at 1'00")This is the VOA Special English Science Report.
A teen-age girl from the state of Connecticut has won the top prize in the Intel Science Talent Search. The (2)competition was known as the Westinghouse Science Talent Search until Nineteen-Ninety-Eight. It is the oldest program in the United States that (3)honors the science projects of high school students. The Intel Science Talent Search celebrated its sixtieth (4)anniversary this year.
The winners receive money for a college education and a new computer. More than one-thousand-five-hundred students entered projects for the competition. The students were from thirty-six states and the (5)District of Columbia. Forty-nine percent were female and fifty-one percent were male. Their research projects involved every area of science, including chemistry, physics, mathematics, engineering, social science and biology.
Forty students were invited to Washington, D.C. for the final judging by well-known scientists. They judged the students on their research ability and creative thinking. They also questioned the students about scientific problems before deciding on the top ten winners.
The first place winner was Mariangela Lisanti of Westport, (6)Connecticut. She received one-hundred-thousand dollars for her college education. Her physics project involved the use of single atoms or (7)molecules to create (8)electronic devices. She developed a new way to measure electron movement in tiny structures.
The second place winner was Nathaniel Jay Craig of Sacramento, California. He received seventy-five-thousand dollars for his college education for a physics project. He developed a method for expressing the strength of specially prepared glass by describing the super cooled liquid from which it was formed.
The third place winner was (9)Gabriel Drew Carroll of (10)Oakland, California. He received fifty-thousand dollars for his college education. His mathematics project involved the (11)partial order of numbers.
The president of Intel, Craig Barrett, praised all the (12)finalists as future leaders. He said their understanding of science and mathematics is important for making sense of the technological world today. And it is important for making the best decisions in the future.
This VOA Special English Science Report was written by Nancy Steinbach.
(1) talent[???????? ]n.天才, 才干, 才能
(2) competition[ ????????????]n.竞争, 竞赛
(3) honor[ ???? ]n.尊敬, 敬意, 荣誉, 光荣vt.尊敬, 给以荣誉
(4) anniversary[ ???????????? ]n.周年纪念
(5) district[ ????????? ]n.区域, 地方, 管区, 行政区, (美国各州的)众议院选区
(6) Connecticut[ ?????????? ]n. （美国）康涅狄格
(7) molecule[ ??????????????????]n.[化]分子, 些微
(8) electronic[???????????]adj.电子的
(9) partial[ ??????? ]adj.部分的, 局部的, 偏袒的, 偏爱的n.泛音
(10) Oakland[??????????]奥克兰[美国加利福尼亚州西部港市]
(11) Gabriel[???????????]n.[圣经]加百利(七大天使之一,上帝传送好消息给人类的使者)
(12) finalist[??????????]n.参加决赛的选手
24 一个美国卫生团体利用互联网倡导戒烟活动
DATE=3-30-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #811-Internet Anti-Smoking Campaign
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
HOST:
(Start at 57")Health(1)experts say (2)cigarette smoking kills more than four-hundred-thousand people in the United States each year. It kills many more people around the world. A major American health group is using the Internet to help people stop smoking.
ANNCR:
Earlier this year, the American (3)Lung (4)Association launched a web site aimed at helping people stop smoking cigarettes. The Association fights all kinds of lung diseases, including (5)asthma, (6)emphysema and cancer. Officials say using the Internet is the best way to help people save their own lives by helping them stop smoking.
The American Lung Association says the new web site is part of its (7)Freedom from Smoking (8)campaign. People around the world can use the web site twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.
The program is free of (9)charge. And it is (10)interactive. A person who links to the web site can (11)communicate with other people who also want to quit smoking. They can ask and answer questions, share (12)concerns and tell about earlier attempts to quit smoking. Part of the Freedom from Smoking campaign requires that everyone have a support group. This is a good way to get one.
Support groups are necessary because (13)quitting smoking is very difficult. The main reason people smoke is because they are addicted to the (14)nicotine in cigarettes. Their bodies have developed a need for nicotine.
The Freedom from Smoking campaign recognizes this. People who link to the web site answer a series of questions. These include why they smoke, how long they have been smoking and what causes the urge to have a cigarette. Then the program works with the person to design a successful way to quit. This may include making changes in a person's life or using medicines to help.
So far, more than one-thousand people have begun taking part in the on-line program. To find out more, the computer address is www.lungusa.org.
关于美国的新兵武装部队
DATE=3-30-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #811 - Armed Forces (15)Recruiting
BYLINE=Paul Thompson
HOST:
(start at 4'15") Our question this week came by e-mail from Vietnam. Nguyen Thanh Binh would like to know what a person must do to serve in the United States Army.
The Army is only one part of the American (16)military force. The others are the Marine Corps, the Air Force, the Navy and the Coast Guard. All of these services are looking for young people to join.
No one in the United States is forced to join the military. However, in time of a national (17)emergency, the United States Congress can ask that all healthy men serve in the military.
Many American young people today enter the military because they want to travel to different parts of the world. Some join because service schools teach good job skills. And many join to serve their country.
The United States military services accept people who are between the ages of eighteen and thirty-four. A man or woman under the age of eighteen must have his or her parents' permission to join a military service. Members of the American military also must be American (18)citizens or be able to prove they live in the United States.
Young men and women must have completed high school before they are permitted to serve in the American military. Some services will accept a person who has passed a national test of high school knowledge. To become an officer, a person must have successfully completed a four-year college. All the services send new members to training schools. These schools teach young members to repair airplanes, for example, or understand (19)electronic equipment. The Armed Forces has hundreds of such jobs that call for special knowledge and skills.
Each person who wants to join signs documents that promise he or she will serve for two, three, four or six years. Some special schools like (20)helicopter pilot training require that a new member agree to stay as long as six years.
The United States Armed Forces will also help young people attend college. Some young people are able to attend college while serving in the military. Others take part in programs that help pay for higher education after they leave the service.
Many people continue to serve in the military for twenty or even thirty years. They become the senior officers and (21)enlisted service members who find they like military life. After they retire, they will receive part of their pay for as long as they live.
二十世纪最好的几首歌曲
DATE=3-30-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #811 - Greatest Songs of the Twentieth Century BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
HOST:
(start at 8'06") Earlier this month, The National (22)Endowment for the Arts and the Recording Industry Association of America announced the results of a (23)contest. The contest was to decide the greatest songs of the twentieth century.
ANNCR:
The two (24)organizations released the list as part of a plan to improve music education in American schools. They created a list of more than one-thousand songs that were considered extremely popular and of (25)historical importance. Three-hundred-sixty-five winners were chosen from that list. They were chosen by musicians, (26)critics, industry professionals, elected officials and other people who love music.
The voters named this the third best song of the century. It is "This Land Is Your Land" written and sung by Woody Guthrie.
((CUT 1: THIS LAND IS YOUR LAND))
The second place song was "White Christmas." It was written by Irving Berlin and sung by Bing Crosby.
((CUT 2: WHITE CHRISTMAS))
We leave you now with the voters' choice for greatest song of the twentieth century. It is "Somewhere Over The (27)Rainbow" from the movie "The (28)Wizard of Oz." It was written in Nineteen-Thirty-Nine by Y.P. Harburg and Harold Arlen. It is sung by Judy Garland.
(1) expert[ ???????? ]n.专家, 行家, [军](特等)射手adj.老练的, 内行的, 专门的vt.在...
(2) cigarette[ ???????? ]n.香烟, 纸烟
(3) lung[ ??? ]n.肺, 呼吸器, 肺脏
(4) association[ ????????????? ]n.协会, 联合, 结交, 联想
(5) asthma[ ??????]n.[医]哮喘
(6) emphysema[ ??????????? ]n.气肿, 肺气肿
(7) freedom[ ???????? ]n.自由, 自主, 直率, 特权
(8) campaign[ ???????? ]n.[军]战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动vi.参加活动, 从事
(9) charge[ ?????? ]n.负荷, 电荷, 费用, 主管, 掌管, 充电, 充气, 装料v.装满, 控诉, 责令,
(10) interactive[ ???????????? ]adj.交互式的
(11) communicate[?????????????? ]v.沟通, 通信, (房间、道路、花园等)相通, 传达, 感染
(12) concern[ ???????? ]vt.涉及, 关系到n.(利害)关系, 关心, 关注, 关注, 所关心的是
(13) quit[????? ]vi.离开, 辞职, 停止vt.离开, 放弃, 解除, 停止
(14) nicotine[ ??????????????? ]n.烟碱
(15) recruit[????????? ]n.新兵, 新分子, 新会员vt.使恢复, 补充, 征募vi.征募新兵, 复原
(16) military[ ????????? ]adj.军事的, 军用的
(17) emergency[????????????]n.紧急情况, 突然事件, 非常时刻, 紧急事件
(18) citizen[ ??????? ]n.市民, 公民
(19) electronic[???????????]adj.电子的
(20) helicopter[ ?????????? ]n.直升(飞)机, 直升机
(21) enlist[ ??????? ]v.征募, 谋取(支持、赞助等), 应募, 赞助, 支持, 征召, 参军
(22) endowment[ ?????????? ]n.捐赠, 捐赠的基金(或财产), 天资, 捐款
(23) contest[ ???????? ]n.论争, 竞赛v.,争论, 争辩, 竞赛, 争夺
(24) organization[ ??????????????n ]n.组织, 机构, 团体
(25) historical[ ??????????? ]adj.历史(上)的, 有关历史的
(26) critic[ ??????? ]n.批评家, 评论家, 吹毛求疵者
(27) rainbow[ ???????? ]n.彩虹, 五彩缤纷的排列, 幻想, 幻觉, 虚无缥缈的东西adj.
(28) wizard[ ?????? ]n.神汉, 男巫, 术士, 奇才adj.男巫的, 巫术的, 有魔力的
25 布什政府打算制定饮水中含砷量限定标准
DATE=3/30/01
TITLE=ENVIRONMENT REPORT- (1)EPA Rejects (2)Arsenic Limits in Water BYLINE=Cynthia Kirk
(Start at 1'00")This is the VOA Special English ENVIRONMENT REPORT.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency says it plans to (3)withdraw a rule that would have sharply reduced the amount of arsenic permitted in drinking water. The new rule was approved at the end of the Clinton presidency. It was suspended after President Bush took office in January.
The Bush administration says the rule needs more study.The new rule would have reduced the acceptable level of arsenic in drinking water by eighty percent. It was designed to reduce the public health risk from arsenic in drinking water.
Arsenic is a (4)substance found naturally in rocks, soil, water, air, plants and animals. It also can be released during (5)mining operations.
Arsenic is mainly (6)transported by water. The highest levels of arsenic are found mostly in the western American states. At unsafe levels, arsenic can cause cancer and other diseases.
Environmental groups have argued for years that arsenic limits should be reduced. They say studies show the limits are necessary for protecting millions of Americans from cancer and other health threats.
But the mining industry and some cities and states strongly opposed the rule on reducing arsenic in drinking water. They said it would cost hundreds of millions of dollars to put into effect. The mining (7)industry took legal action in an attempt to block the rule. Environmental groups say the Bush (8)administration is seeking to withdraw the rule because of pressure by the mining industry.
The Environmental Protection Agency set the (9)current limit for arsenic in Nineteen-Seventy-Five. But a report by the National (10)Academy of Sciences two years ago found that the current limit does not meet the E-P-A's goal of protecting public health. The group said the current limit should be lowered as soon as possible.
The limit approved by President Clinton also was (11)approved by the European Union and the World Health Organization several years ago.
But E-P-A officials say Mister Clinton's action was not supported by (12)scientific evidence. They say arsenic levels should be reduced, but not necessarily as low as the rule required.
The E-P-A will seek independent scientific studies about the issue and the possible cost to communities. A final decision is expected after a public comment period.
This VOA Special English ENVIRONMENT REPORT was written by Cynthia Kirk.
(1) EPA abbr.Environmental Protection Agency 美国环保署
(2) Arsenic[????????? ]n.[化]砷, 砒霜
(3) withdraw[ ???????? ]vt.收回, 撤消vi.缩回, 退出v.撤退
(4) substance[ ????????? ]n.物质, 实质, 主旨
(5) mining[ ??????? ]n.采矿, 矿业
(6) transport[????????????]n.传送器, 运输, vt.传送, 运输, 流放, 放逐
(7) industry[ ????????? ]n.工业, 产业, 行业, 勤奋
(8) administration[???????????????? ]n.管理, 经营, 行政部门
(9) approved[ ?????????]adj.经核准的, 被认可的
(10) current[ ??????? ]adj.当前的, 通用的,现在的, 草写的, 最近的n.涌流, 趋势, 电流, 水流
(11) academy[??????????]n.(高等)专科院校, 研究院, 学会, 学术团体, 学院
(12) scientific[ ??????????? ]adj.科学的
26 北美棒球联赛拉开序幕
DATE=4-9-01
TITLE=THIS IS AMERICA #1059 - Major League Baseball
BYLINE=George Grow
VOICE ONE:
The Major League Baseball season opened in North America last week. I'm Shirley Griffith.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Sarah Long. Baseball in the United States is our report today on the VOA Special English program, THIS IS AMERICA.
(CUT ONE: "Take Me Out to the Ball Game")
VOICE ONE:
Millions of people are happy about the start of the North American baseball season. For the next seven months, many newspapers will be filled with stories about the games and players.
This season's Opening Day game was played April first in San Juan, Puerto Rico. This was the first time the Major League Baseball season opened in the United States (1) territory. Large crowds will attend baseball games in many cities in the United States and Canada. This year, the American cities of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Milwaukee, Wisconsin have opened new sports (2) stadiums for their baseball teams.
VOICE TWO:
Perhaps no other sport has become as deeply rooted in American life as baseball. And none has created so many popular traditions. There are many poems, songs, books and films about baseball. Famous players of the past and present are as well- known to Americans as the country's great scientists, writers and political leaders.
People of all ages play baseball in the United States. There are thousands of baseball teams across the country. There are school teams, company teams and teams supported by religious groups.
People who work at the headquarters of the Republican Party play baseball against workers from the Democratic Party. People who work at the White House for President Bush play against reporters for the media. Baseball has even become part of the English language. For example, Americans may admit to "striking out" when we fail to do something we want to do.
(MUSIC BRIDGE)
VOICE ONE:
Americans love baseball. Part of the reason is that they have been playing it for more than one- hundred- fifty years. No one knows for sure when the modern game of baseball began. Many people believe baseball developed from a game called "(3) rounders." People in America played it in the Eighteen- Hundreds. Over time, the rules changed and the game began to be called baseball.
Some historians say Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Eighteen-Thirty-Nine. Others say Alexander Cartwright invented it. Cartwright developed a list of baseball rules in Eighteen-Forty-Five. He also formed the first baseball team, the New York Knickerbockers, that same year.
VOICE TWO:
The early baseball players were not paid. In Eighteen-Sixty-Nine, a team from Cincinnati, Ohio, became the first baseball team to pay its players. Other teams soon began paying their players. Baseball had become a business.
The first group of professional baseball teams was formed in Eighteen-Seventy-Six. This new (4) National League had eight teams. Four were from the eastern part of the United States. Four were from the central part. The National League is still active today. The other professional major league, the American League, was formed in Nineteen-Oh-One.
VOICE ONE:
American radio stations started broadcasting baseball games in the Nineteen-Twenties. Later, money from radio broadcasts helped baseball teams survive during the great economic depression in the Nineteen-Thirties.
In Nineteen-Thirty five, teams began adding electric lights around baseball fields. This made it possible for people to attend games at night.
VOICE TWO:
In Nineteen-Forty-Seven, Jackie Robinson became the first African-American player in (5) modern Major League Baseball history. He played for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Before that, blacks played in a separate league. They did not receive the money or (6) fame that white players enjoyed.
As time passed, more African-Americans played on Major League Baseball teams. And many baseball players from Latin America and Asia joined teams. Over the years, baseball changed in other ways. Television began showing Major League games. Some teams changed cities. New teams were added.
VOICE ONE:
Today, thirty baseball teams play in the American and National leagues. Each league has three groups of teams, or divisions. One team in each league is from a city in Canada. Each team plays one- hundred- sixty- two games before the season ends.
Then, in October, the teams that won the most games compete in (7) playoff games. The winner of those games is the league (8) champion. Finally, the two league champions play each other in the World Series. The first team to win four games in the World Series becomes the champion of North American baseball.
(MUSIC BRIDGE)
VOICE TWO:
In Nineteen-Ninety-Four, many people were angry with Major (9) League Baseball. Players who were paid high wages went on strike. The players and team owners refused to compromise. Part of the baseball (10) season and all of the championship games were (11) cancelled.
The next year, the start of the season was delayed. When play finally began, many people stayed away from the games. People who had always loved the sport said they no longer cared much about it. Now, however, Americans have forgotten about the strike. And large numbers of young people are interested in the sport.
VOICE ONE:
However, money remains an important (12) issue for Major League Baseball. Many people believe the players are paid too much money. The lowest-paid players earn two- hundred- thousand dollars a year. The (13) average salary for baseball players is almost two- million dollars a year.
A few months ago, a player named Alex Rodriguez made news by signing an agreement with the Texas Rangers baseball team. The agreement made Rodriguez the richest player in baseball history. The team will pay him more than twenty- five- million dollars a year during the next ten years. Several other players on other teams will earn almost twenty- million dollars a year.
VOICE TWO:
At the same time, some teams say they need help to compete with teams in larger cities that earn more money. The Minnesota Twins team, for example, paid its players the lowest average wages. The team paid a total of about fifteen- million dollars to all its players.
But the New York (14) Yankees team paid its players more than any other team - a total of one- hundred-thirteen- million dollars. Last year the Yankees won their third World Series championship in three years. The Twins finished last in their division.
VOICE ONE:
Last summer, an independent committee completed an eighteen-month study of the economic issues facing Major League Baseball. The study confirmed the large and growing economic differences among the teams. It said this is causing a lack of competitive (15) balance in baseball.
Five years ago, team owners and a union representing the players signed a labor agreement. The study said the agreement is failing to correct the economic differences and improve the balance of (16) competition.
Former United States Senator George Mitchell served on the committee. He says Major League Baseball has created a system in which the only teams with a chance of winning must earn a lot of money and spend a lot on wages. Mister Mitchell says that is not in the best interests of (17) baseball teams, players or (18) fans.
VOICE TWO:
Committee members proposed reforms to reduce the economic differences among rich and poor teams. They proposed that each team share at least forty percent of all the money it earns. They also (19) proposed a competitive balance tax. The tax would target teams that spend more than eighty- four- million dollars a year on player wages.
Under the proposal, half the money spent over that amount would be given to the poorer teams. In (20) exchange, those teams would be required to spend at least forty- million dollars on player wages. No official action has been taken on the proposals.
VOICE ONE:
Major League Baseball will face an important test at the end of the season. That is when the labor (21) agreement between players and team owners will end. Will there be another strike? Or can the two sides reach an agreement?
For now, the sound of "play ball" is being heard at baseball stadiums and fields across North America. And millions of Americans are enjoying the return of baseball.
(CUT TWO: "Take Me Out to the Ballgame")
VOICE TWO:
This program was written by George Grow. It was produced by Cynthia Kirk. I'm Sarah Long.
VOICE ONE:
And I'm Shirley Griffith. Join us again next week for another report about life in the United States on the VOA Special English program, THIS IS AMERICA
注释：
(1) territory [?????????]n.领土；版图；领地
(2) stadium [????????m]n.体育场；运动场
(3) rounder [ ??????? ]n.圆场棒球
(4) national [ ?n?????? ]adj.国家的, 民族的
(5) modern [ ?m???n ]n.现代人, 有思想的人adj.近代的, 现代的
(6) fame [ f??m ] n.名声, 名望v. 使有名望, 盛传
(7) playoff[ ???????f ](双方得分相等时的)最后决赛
(8) champion [?????????]n.斗士；冠军
(9) league[?????]n.社团，联盟
(10) season [????n]n.季节，（四）季；节令
(11) cancel [??????l]v.放弃；宣称无效
(12) issue [?????:]n.发行；出版
(13) average[????????]n.平均；平均水平
(14) Yankee[??????]n.美国佬,北方佬
(15) balance [?b???ns]n.天平；平衡
(16) competition[??????????n]n.竞争
(17) baseball [????????l]n棒球运动
(18) fan[???]n热心的追随者,影迷
(19) proposed[?????????]a.被提议的
(20) exchange [????????n??]n交换，互换
(21) agreement [??????m???]n.一致；同意
