42 美国作家、教育家兼黑人运动领导者杜·波伊西
DATE=5-27-01
TITLE=PEOPLE IN AMERICA#1823 - W.E.B. Du Bois
BYLINE=Vivian Chakarian
VOICE ONE:
I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Sarah Long with the VOA Special English program PEOPLE IN AMERICA. Today we tell about W. E. B. Du Bois. He was an African-American writer, teacher and (1) protest leader.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois fought for civil rights for black people in the United States. During the Nineteen-Twenties and Nineteen-Thirties, he was the person most responsible for the changes in （2）conditions for black people in American society. He also was responsible for changes in the way they thought about themselves.
William Du Bois was the son of free blacks who lived in a northern state. His mother was Mary Burghardt. His father was Alfred Du Bois. His parents had never been slaves. Nor were their parents. William was born into this free and independent African-American family in 1868 in Great Barrington, （3）Massachusetts.
VOICE TWO:
William's mother felt that ability and hard work would lead to success. She urged him to seek an excellent （4）education. In the early part of the century, it was not easy for most black people to get a good education. But William had a good experience in school. His （5）intelligence earned him the respect of other students. He moved quickly through school.
It was in those years in school that William Du Bois learned what he later called the secret of his success. His secret, he said, was to go to bed every night at ten o'clock.
VOICE ONE:
After high school, William decided to attend Fisk University, a college for black students in Nashville, （6）Tennessee. He thought that going to school in a southern state would help him learn more about the life of most black Americans. Most black people lived in the south in those days.
He soon felt the effects of racial prejudice. He found that poor, uneducated white people judged themselves better than he was because they were white and he was black. From that time on, William Du Bois opposed all kinds of racial (7) prejudice. He never missed a chance to express his opinions about race （8）relations.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
William Du Bois went to excellent colleges, Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts and the University of Berlin in （9）Germany. He received his doctorate degree in history from Harvard in Eighteen-Ninety-Five.
His book, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study was published four years later. It was the first study of a black community in the United States. He became a （10）professor of economics and history at Atlanta University in Eighteen Ninety-Seven. He remained there until Nineteen-Ten.
William Du Bois had believed that education and knowledge could help solve the race problem. But racial prejudice in the United States was causing violence. Mobs of whites killed blacks. Laws provided for separation of the races. Race （11）riots were common.
The situation in the country made Mister Du Bois believe that social change could happen only through protest.
VOICE ONE:
Mister Du Bois's belief in the need for protest clashed with the ideas of the most （12）influential black leader of the time, Booker T. Washington.
Mister Washington urged black people to accept unfair treatment for a time. He said they would improve their condition through hard work and economic gain. He believed that in this way blacks would win the respect of whites.
Mister Du Bois attacked this way of thinking in his famous book, The Souls of Black Folk. The book was a collection of （13）separate pieces he had written. It was published in Nineteen-Oh-Three.
In the very beginning of The Souls of Black Folk he expressed the reason he felt the book was important:
VOICE THREE:
"Herein lie buried many things which if read with patience may show the strange meaning of being black here at the dawning of the Twentieth Century. This meaning is not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color line. "
VOICE TWO:
Later in the book, Mister Du Bois explained the （14）struggle blacks, or Negroes as they then were called, faced in America:
VOICE THREE:
"One ever feels his twoness -- an American, a Negro: two souls, two thoughts, two （15）unreconciled （16）strivings; Two warring ideas in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn (17) asunder. ... He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American, without being cursed and spit upon by his fellows, without having the doors of opportunity closed roughly in his face."
VOICE ONE:
W.E.B. Du Bois charged that Booker Washington's plan would not free blacks from （18）oppression, but would continue it. The dispute between the two leaders divided blacks into two groups - the "(19) conservative" supporters of Mister Washington and his "extremist" （20）opponents.
In Nineteen-Oh-Five, Mister Du Bois established the Niagara Movement to oppose Mister Washington. He and other black leaders called for complete political, civil and social rights for black Americans.
The organization did not last long. Disputes among its members and a （21）campaign against it by Booker T. Washington kept it from growing. Yet the Niagara Movement led to the creation in 1909 of an organization that would last, the National Association for the （22）Advancement of Colored People. Mister Du Bois became director of research for the organization. He also became editor of the N-A-A-C-P magazine, "The Crisis."
VOICE TWO:
W.E.B. Du Bois felt that it was good for blacks to be linked through culture and spirit to the home of their ancestors. Throughout his life he was active in the Pan-African movement. Pan-Africanism was the belief that all people who came from Africa had common interests and should work together in their struggle for freedom.
Mister Du Bois believed black Americans should support independence for African nations that were （23）European （24）colonies. He believed that once African nations were free of European control they could be markets for products and services made by black Americans.
He believed that blacks should develop a separate "group economy." A separate market system, he said, could be a weapon for fighting economic injustice against blacks and for improving their poor living conditions.
Mister Du Bois also called for the development of black literature and art. He urged the readers of the N-A-A-C-P magazine, "The Crisis," to see beauty in black.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
In 1934, W. E. B. Du Bois (25) resigned from his position at The Crisis" magazine. It was during the severe economic depression in the United States. He charged that the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People supported the interests of successful blacks. He said the organization was not concerned with the problems of poorer blacks.
Mister Du Bois returned to Atlanta University, where he had taught before. He remained there as a professor for the next ten years. During this period, he wrote about his （26）involvement in both the African and the African-American struggles for freedom.
VOICE TWO:
In Nineteen-Forty-Four, Mister Du Bois returned to the N-A-A-C-P in a research position. Four years later he left after another （27）disagreement with the organization. He became more and more concerned about politics. He wrote:
VOICE THREE:
"As...a citizen of the world as well as of the United States of America, I claim the right to know and think and tell the truth as I see it. I believe in Socialism as well as Democracy. I believe in Communism wherever and whenever men are wise and good enough to achieve it; but I do not believe that all nations will achieve it in the same way or at the same time. I despise men and nations, which judge human beings by their color, religious beliefs or income. ... I hate War."
VOICE ONE:
In Nineteen-Fifty, W. E. B. Du Bois became an official of the Peace Information Center. The organization made public the work other nations were doing to support peace in the world.
The United States government accused the group of supporting the Soviet Union and charged its officials with acting as foreign agents. A federal judge found Mister Du Bois not guilty. But most Americans continued to consider him a （28）criminal. He was treated as if he did not exist.
In Nineteen-Sixty-One, at the age of Ninety-Two, Mister Du Bois joined the Communist party of the United States. Then he and his second wife moved to Ghana in West Africa. He gave up his American citizenship a year later. He died in （29）Ghana on August Twenty-Seventh, Nineteen-Sixty-Three.
His death was announced the next day to a huge crowd in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Hundreds of thousands of blacks and whites had gathered for the March on Washington to seek improved civil rights in the United States. W. E. B. Du Bois had helped make that （30）march possible.
((THEME))
VOICE TWO:
This Special English program was written by Vivian Chakarian and produced by Caty Weaver. I'm Sarah Long.
VOICE ONE:
And I'm Steve Ember. Listen again next week to another PEOPLE IN AMERICA program on the Voice of America.
注释：
(1) protest[????????t ]n.主张, 断言v.主张, 断言抗议
(2) condition[ kEn5diFEn ]n.条件, 情况
(3) Massachusetts[ ?????????????? ]n.麻萨诸塞州
(4) education[ ??????????????? ]n.教育, 训导
(5) intelligence[ ?????????????]n.智力, 聪明, 智能
(6) Tennessee[ ??????????????? ]n.田纳西州
(7) prejudice[????????????]n.偏见, 成见v.损害
(8) relation[ ????????? ]n.关系, 联系
(9) Germany[ ????????? ]n.德国
(10) professor[????????? ]n.教授, 公开表示信仰的人
(11) riot[??????? ]n.暴乱, 骚动
(12) influential[ ???????????? ]adj.有影响的, 有势力的
(13) separate[???????????]adj.分开的, 分离的
(14) struggle[ ??????? ]n.竞争, 努力, 奋斗vi.努力
(15) unreconciled[??????????????]adj.未和解的，未取得一致
(16) strive[ ???????]v.努力, 奋斗
(17) asunder[??????????]adv.分离, 成碎片
(18) oppression[ ???????? ]n.压迫, 镇压
(19) conservative[ ???????????? ]adj.保守的, 守旧的n.保守派
(20) opponent[?????????? ]adj.对立的, 对抗的n.对手, 反对者
(21) campaign[????????? ]n.[军]战役
(22) advancement[ ?????????????]n.前进, 进步
(23) European[ ?????????????? ]adj.欧洲的, 欧洲人n.欧洲
(24) colony[ ????????]n.殖民地, 侨民
(25) resigned[????????? ]adj.顺从的, 听天由命的
(26) involvement[???????????? ]n.连累, 包含
(27) disagreement[?????????????]n.意见不同, 不调和
(28) criminal[ ?????????]n.罪犯, 犯罪者adj.犯罪的, 犯法的
(29) Ghana[????????]n.加纳
(30) march[ ????? ]n.行军, 步伐, 进行曲vi.进军, 前进
43 广受欢迎的电视剧《索普拉诺一家》
DATE=6-1-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #820 - The Sopranos
BYLINE=Paul Thompson
HOST:
(Start at 0'58") Do you know the answers to these questions? Why would eating places and movie theaters like to see a television program stop broadcasting? How could the head of an (1) imaginary (2) criminal family make a six-thousand-year-old book popular? Shep O'Neal has the answers and more.
ANNCR:
"The Sopranos" is one of the most popular shows on American television. It won several television industry awards last year. It has a good chance of winning several more this year.
More than eight-million people watch the program every Sunday night on the (3) cable channel called Home Box Office. People must pay money each month to receive Home Box Office and some other cable television channels. So many people watch "The Sopranos" that the owners of eating places and movie theaters say their business is very slow on Sunday nights. People do not go out that night. They stay home and watch "The Sopranos."
"The Sopranos" is about a family: a father, mother, son and daughter. They live in a very costly home in (4) New Jersey. They have many of the same problems that all families have. The father is worried about his work. His son is having problems in school. His daughter is just starting college. His wife worries about each member of the family.
But there is another part to the story. The father, Tony Soprano, is the chief of a large criminal organization. State and (5) federal police agencies are (6) investigating the group. Tony and other members of this crime family often kill people.
Tony has another problem, too. He (7) suffers attacks of (8) extreme fear. A doctor is treating him for (9) mental health problems. The doctor knows Tony is (10) violent and dangerous. She is trying to help him deal with the many problems and fears that sometimes make him (11) physically sick.
(12) Critics have praised "The Sopranos." They say it is very well written. They say the acting is extremely good. The program is often very funny. It is also sad and very violent. Some critics say the violence is too extreme. They also say the violent head of a criminal group should not be the hero of a television program.
It does not seem to (13) matter what critics say. People love to watch "The Sopranos." The program has even helped sell thousands of copies of a book written by a Chinese (14) military (15) expert more than six-thousand years ago. In one program, Tony talked about the book "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu. Now, one newspaper (16) lists it as the sixth best-selling book in the United States.
美国作家约翰·格利什姆
DATE=6-1-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #820 - John Grisham
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
HOST:
(Start at 5'07") Our VOA listener question this week comes from (1) Burma. Khin Htwe Su asks about the American writer John Grisham.
John Grisham has sold more than sixty-million books in twenty-nine languages. "Publisher's Weekly" magazine named him the best-selling novel writer of the Nineteen-Nineties. Six of his books have been made into movies.
Most of his books are exciting stories about lawyers and their work. That is because John Grisham is a lawyer.
He was born in the southern state of (2) Arkansas in Nineteen-Fifty-Five. He worked as a lawyer for nearly ten years in the small town of Southaven, (3) Mississippi. He also served in the Mississippi House of (4) Representatives.
One day, Mister Grisham heard a twelve-year-old girl tell a court how she had been (5) sexually (6) attacked. This led him to write a book exploring what would have happened if the girl's father had killed her attackers. He called the book "A Time to Kill." Many publishers rejected it before it was bought by a small company and published in Nineteen-Eighty-Eight.
John Grisham immediately began writing another book. This one was about a young lawyer who worked for a company that was not what it appeared to be. The book was called "The Firm." It became the best-selling novel of Nineteen-Ninety-One.
Since then, John Grisham has written one book a year. All of them have been best sellers. He no longer works as a lawyer. He did, however, go back to the (7) courtroom in Nineteen-Ninety-Six to keep a promise to a family. He had promised to represent them before he retired as a lawyer. He won the case. The family was (8) awarded more than six-hundred-thousand dollars in damages.
Today John Grisham lives with his wife and two children in Mississippi. He (9) supervises the local Little League baseball teams for children. He built six baseball fields on his (10) property. Twenty-six Little League baseball teams have played there. He also continues to write. His twelfth and latest book was published in February. It is called "A Painted House."
摇滚歌手埃文与杰仁
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #820 - Evan and Jaron
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
DATE=6-1-2001
HOST:
(Start at 8'32") Two American rock and roll singers look exactly alike. They are the members of the group Evan and Jaron. They are identical twin brothers. Shirley Griffith tells us more.
ANNCR:
Evan and Jaron Lowenstein are twenty-seven years old. They were born in the southern city of (1) Atlanta, (2) Georgia. They are (3) Orthodox (4) Jews. They do not work on the (5) Jewish Sabbath, from Friday night through Saturday. The brothers were baseball players for years until they decided their future was in music.
Their latest (6) album is a big hit. It is called "Evan and Jaron." The first single is this song, "Crazy For This Girl."
((CUT 1: CRAZY FOR THIS GIRL))
Evan and Jaron each write songs. Then they edit each other's work. They (7)reportedly use real life experiences and their imaginations when they write. This song is about (8)Los Angeles, (9)California, the city where they now live. It is called "(10)Outer space."
((CUT 2: OUTERSPACE))
Evan and Jaron are very good-looking. "People" magazine recently included them in the "Fifty Most Beautiful People in the World." They are now traveling throughout the United States performing their songs. We leave you now with this one, "From My Head to My Heart."
(1) imaginary [ ? ?m???????? ] adj.假想的, 想象的, 虚构的
(2) criminal [ ????????] n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的
(3) cable [ ??????] n.电缆, 海底电报, 缆, 索 v.打(海底)电报
(4) New Jersey [???? ???????] n.新泽西州(美国太平洋沿岸)
(5) federal [ ????????] adj.联邦的, 联合的, 联邦制的, 同盟的 n.(
(6) investigate [ ?? ?????????? ] v.调查, 研究
(7) suffer [?????] vt.遭受, 经历, 忍受 vi.受痛苦, 受损害
(8) extreme [?????????] adj.尽头的, 极端的, 极度的, 偏激的, 最后的
(9) mental [ ??????] adj.精神的, 智力的
(10) violent [ ?????????] adj.猛烈的, 激烈的, 暴力引起的, 强暴的
(11) physically [ ????????] adv.身体上地
(12) critic [ ???????] n.批评家, 评论家, 吹毛求疵者
(13) matter [ ?????] n. vi.有关系, 要紧
(14) military [ ????????? ] adj.军事的, 军用的
(15) expert [ ????????] n.专家, 行家
(16) list [????] vt.列出, 列于表上, 记入名单内vi.列于表上
(1) Burma [ ??????] n.缅甸(东南亚国家)
(2) Arkansas [ ????????? ] n.阿肯色州
(3) Mississippi [ ????? ????? ] n.密西西比河
(4) representative [ ?????? ?????????] n.代表 adj.典型的, 有代表性的
(5) sexually [ ?????????? ]adv.性别地, 两性之间地
(6) attack [ ????? ] n.进攻, 攻击,侵袭 vt.攻击, 抨击, 动手处理(某事)
(7) courtroom [ ?????????] n.法庭, 审判室
(8) award [? ?????] vt.授予, 判给
(9) supervise[ ???????????] v.监督, 管理, 指导
(10) property [ ????????] n.财产, 所有物
(1) Atlanta [?? ??????] 亚特兰大[美国佐治亚州首府]
(2) Georgia [ ????????? ] n.乔治亚州(在美国南部,首府在Atlanta)
(3) Orthodox [ ?????????] adj.正统的, 传统的, 习惯的, 保守的,
(4) Jew [????] n.犹太人, 犹太教徒
(5) Jewish Sabbath [ ???????, ??????] 犹太安息日
(6) album [ ??????] n.音乐专辑
(7) reportedly [???????????]adv.据传说, 据传闻
(8) Los Angeles [????????????]n.洛杉矶(美国城市)
(9) California [ ??????????? ]n.加利福尼亚, 加州
(10) Outer space n.太空,外层空间
44 用来控制有害树种的昆虫
DATE=6-1-01
TITLE=ENVIRONMENT REPORT - Insects to Control Harmful Trees
BYLINE=George Grow
(Start at 1'01")This is Bill White with the VOA Special English ENVIRONMENT REPORT.
Researchers are planning to use natural enemies to stop the spread of a harmful tree in the American state of (1) Florida. The (2) melaleuca tree (3)threatens to spread (4)throughout the (5) Everglades. The Everglades is a system of (6)wetlands that is home to many kinds of plants and animals.
Scientists with the Agricultural Research Service have been exploring natural (7)methods to control the melaleuca. The tree is native to Australia. In that country, more than one-hundred kinds of insects feed on it and keep it under control. The melaleuca was first brought to the United States in the early Nineteen-Hundreds. But it had no natural insect enemies in its new (8)environment. So melaleuca trees spread uncontrolled across the southern United States.
The tree kills and replaces other plant life in the Everglades. It is now blamed for environmental (9)losses of up to one-hundred-seventy million dollars a year.
The Fergusonina fly is a natural enemy of the melaleuca. An extremely small worm, called a (10) nematode, lives inside the fly. A team of American scientists is working with the Australian Biological Control Research Laboratory. They collected Fergusonina flies from Australia. The scientists put the flies on test plants to see if they (11) attacked them. They found that the flies are likely to (12) survive and (13) reproduce only on the melaleuca trees in Florida. The flies would not harm other plants. This information was important for officials who approved a request to send thousands of flies to the University of Florida for additional tests.
Ted Center is the chief of the Agriculture Department's (14) Invasive Plant Research Laboratory. He says tests show that the Fergusonina fly and the nematode are (15) genetically different from other insects that attack other plants. He says this means that they eat, live and reproduce only in one kind of plant. The scientists now are planning more testing before proposing the release of the insects in the Everglades.
Four years ago, scientists from Florida and Australia released another natural enemy of the melaleuca, the snout beetle. Scientists have released more than fifty-thousand of those insects in south Florida. The scientists believe the Fergusonina fly and nematode would help the (16) beetle and strengthen the effort against the melaleuca trees.
This VOA Special English Environment report was written by George Crow
(1) Florida [ ????????] n.佛罗里达(美国州名)
(2) melaleuca [???? ??????] n.[植]白千层属灌木(或乔木)
(3) threaten [ ?????? ]vt.威胁
(4) throughout [ ???????????]prep.遍及, 贯穿
(5) everglade [ ?????????] n.湿地, 沼泽地
(6) wetland n.潮湿的土壤, 沼泽地
(7) method [??????]n.方法
(8) environment [ ???????????????]n.环境, 外界
(9) loss [ ??? ]n.损失
(10) nematode [?????????] n.线虫类 adj.线虫类的
(11) attack [?????] n.进攻, 攻击, 侵袭 vt.攻击, 抨击, 动手处理(某事)
(12) survive [???????] v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还
(13) reproduce [?????????????] v.繁殖, 再生, 复制, 使...在脑海中重现
(14) invasive [?????????] adj.入侵的
(15) genetically [????????????] adv.遗传的, 起源的
(16) beetle [ ??????] n.甲虫
