51 印第安部落首领“野马”
DATE=6-17-01
TITLE=PEOPLE IN AMERICA #1826 - Crazy Horse
BYLINE=Barbara Dash
ANNCR:
PEOPLE IN AMERICA -- a program in Special English on the Voice of America. Every week at this time, we tell the story of a person who played an important part in the history of the United States. We tell about people known for many different things: writers, scientists, musicians, popular leaders and government officials. Today, Kay Gallant and Harry Monroe tell the story of a (1) native American, Crazy Horse. He was a leader of the Lakota Indians. Some people call his (2) tribe the Oglala Sioux.
(THEME)
VOICE ONE:
Crazy Horse's people belonged to one of seven great families who called themselves Lakota. The word Lakota means 'friends' or '(3) allies'.
The Lakota people were hunters. They moved with the seasons. They moved through the great flat lands and the great mountains of the north-central United States. The Lakota depended on wild animals for food and clothing, and for the materials to make their tools and homes. They depended especially on the (4) buffalo, the great hairy (5) ox-like creature. Huge groups of buffalo ran free across their lands.
VOICE TWO:
Great changes came to the Indian (6) territories during the middle eighteen-hundreds. The population of the United States was growing. Settlers left the cities of the East for the wide-open spaces of the West. The settlers followed the railroads extending across the (7) continent. More (8) settlers moved West when gold was discovered in California in eighteen forty-nine. The ways of the settlers were not the ways of the Indians. The (9) culture of the white people (10) clashed with the culture of the red people...often in (11) violence. The United States army was sent to move the Indians and protect the settlers. Many Indian tribes refused to move. Their lands, they said, contained the bones of their fathers and mothers. It was holy ground. They fought the soldiers.
VOICE ONE:
Crazy Horse's tribe, the Lakota, had many powerful leaders and skilled warriors. Crazy Horse, himself, was greatly feared. The soldiers could not defeat him in battle. Most white people did not understand why the Lakota fought so hard. They knew little of the Indians' way of life. They did not know Crazy Horse at all. Much of what we have learned about Crazy Horse came from his own people. Even today, they still talk about him. To the Lakota, he was both a (12) warrior...and a (13) holy man.
VOICE TWO:
No one knows for sure when Crazy Horse was born. Perhaps around the year Eighteen-Forty. But we do know when he died. In Eighteen-Seventy-Seven, when he was in his middle thirties. There are no photographs of Crazy Horse. But it is said that he was not very tall. And his skin was lighter than most of the Lakota people. As a boy, Crazy Horse loved to listen to the teachings of the Lakota (14) religion. His father was a holy man of the tribe - a medicine man. He taught the boy to honor all things, because all things had a life of their own. Not only people and animals had spirits, he said, but trees and rivers, as well. Above all was the Great Spirit.
VOICE ONE:
Crazy Horse's father also told him that a man should be judged only by the (15) goodness of his actions. So the boy tried hard to tell the truth at all times and not to speak badly of others.
Crazy Horse learned to be a hunter. He could lie quietly for hours watching wild animals. When he killed a bird or a deer, he always sang a (16) prayer of thanks and sorrow. He always gave the meat to the poor and to the families that had no hunters. That was what Lakota (17) chiefs did.
VOICE TWO:
In time, Crazy Horse learned that the Indians were not alone in their world. He watched one day as (18) tribesmen brought back the body of one of the chiefs, (19) Conquering Bear. The chief had been shot many times by soldiers after a (20) dispute over a white man's cow. Two times in the next few years, young Crazy Horse saw the burned remains of Indian villages. All the village people, including women and children, had been shot by soldiers.
All these events helped shape the (21) personality of the young Indian. Crazy Horse became very quiet. He would go away from his village and spend days alone. His people began to call him, "the strange one". The name Crazy Horse -- in the language of the Lakota -- meant "wild" horse
. VOICE ONE:
When it was time for him to plan his future, his father took him high into the mountains. Together, they sang a prayer to the Great Spirit, a prayer like this: "Grandfather, Great Spirit, you have existed always, and before you there was no one. Stand close to the Earth that you may hear the voice I send. You, where the sun goes down, look at me! "You, where the snow lives...you, where the day begins...you, where the summer lives...you, in the depths of the (22) heavens, look at me! And you, Mother Earth. Give me eyes to see and the strength to understand, that I may be like you. Only with your power can I face the winds."
VOICE TWO:
Crazy Horse stayed on the mountain by himself for three days and nights. He did not eat or drink. He prayed that the Great Spirit would send him a dream to show him how to live. Crazy Horse dreamed. He entered the world of truth and of the spirits of all things. The Lakota people called this "the real world". They believed our world was only an (23) image of the real world.
VOICE ONE:
In his dream, Crazy Horse saw a man riding a horse through clouds of darkness and battle. (24) Bullets flew around him, but did not hit him. The man wore a stone under one ear, and a bird feather in his hair. His body was painted with sharp white lines, like (25) lightning. A light followed him, but it was sometimes covered by darkness. Crazy Horse understood the dream as a sign. He knew his people were entering a time of darkness. He dressed himself like the man in the dream, so that no bullets would hurt him. He would try to save his land for his people. He would try to protect their way of living.
VOICE TWO:
Crazy Horse prayed every day...as the sun rose, at noon, and as night came. He prayed whenever he had something difficult to do. The prayer songs would carry him back to the peace of "the real world". He would know the right thing to do. In the village, Crazy Horse did not keep things for himself. He even gave away his food. If others needed the food more, he would not eat at all. Crazy Horse spent much of his time with the children. He talked and joked with them. Yet his eyes looked through the children. He seemed to be thinking of something else.
VOICE ONE:
Crazy Horse fought in more than twenty battles against the American army. He was never hit by an enemy's bullet. In battle, his mind was clear. "Be (26) brave!" the young men would shout as they followed him into battle. "The Earth is all that lasts." But the Earth the Indians knew did not last. The government would take most of it. The army (27) destroyed Indian villages, and (28) captured those who would not (29) surrender.
VOICE TWO:
Almost all the buffalo were gone, killed by white hunters. The people were hungry. Many Lakota and other Indians came to Crazy Horse for protection. The government sent a message to Crazy Horse. It said if he surrendered, his people could live and hunt on a part of the land that he chose. Crazy Horse and his people could fight no more. They accepted the government offer. They surrendered. The government, however, did not keep its promise to let them choose where they would live. Several months later, on September fifth, Eighteen-Seventy-Seven, Crazy Horse went to the army (30) commander to make an angry (31) protest. Guards (32) arrested him. He struggled to escape. A soldier (33) stabbed him with a knife. The great Lakota Indian chief died the next day.
VOICE ONE:
In Nineteen-Thirty-Nine, the tribe asked an artist to make a (34) statue of Crazy Horse. The Indians wanted a huge statue cut into the side of a mountain. It would show Crazy Horse riding a running horse, pointing his arm to where the Earth meets the sky...to the lands of the Lakota people. The tribe told the artist: "We would like the white man to know the red man had great heroes, too." If you visit the mountain to see the statue, you may hear in the wind the song of an old man. He sings: "Crazy Horse, your people depend on you. Be brave. (35) Defend your people!"
(THEME)
ANNCR:
You have been listening to the Special English program, PEOPLE IN AMERICA. Our program was written by Barbara Dash.
Your narrators were Kay Gallant and Harry Monroe. I'm Shirley Griffith. Join us again next week for another People in America program in Special English on the Voice of America.
(1) native [ ??????? ] n.本地人, 土产, 土人 adj.土著的
(2) tribe [?????? ] n.部落, 部族
(3) allies [??????] n.联盟国, 同盟者
(4) buffalo [ ???????? ] n. <美>[动]美洲野牛
(5) ox-like adj.像公牛的
(6) territory [ ????????? ] n.领土, 版图, 地域
(7) continent [ ?????????? ] n.大陆, 陆地
(8) settler [ ?????? ] n.移民者, 殖民者
(9) culture [ ??????? ] n.文化, 文明
(10) clash with v.不调和
(11) violence [ ????????? ] n.猛烈, 强烈, 暴力
(12) warrior [ ?????? ] n.战士, 勇士, 武士adj.战斗的, 尚武的
(13) holy [ ?????? ] adj.神圣的, 圣洁的
(14) religion [?????????? ] n.宗教, 信仰
(15) goodness [ ??????? ] n.仁慈, 善良
(16) prayer [ ???? ] n.祈祷
(17) chief [ ????? ] n.首领, 领袖, 酋长
(18) tribesman [??????????] n.部落男子
(19) conquer [ ?????? ] vt.征服, 战胜, 占领, 克服(困难等), 破(坏习惯等)
(20) dispute [ ????????? ] v.争论, 辩论, 怀疑n.争论, 辩论, 争吵
(21) personality [?????????????? ] n.个性, 人格, 人物
(22) heaven [ ?????? ] n.天, 天空, 天堂
(23) image [ ?????? ] n.图象, 肖像, 偶像vt.想象
(24) bullet [ ?????? ] n.子弹
(25) lightning [ ???????? ] n.闪电
(26) brave [ ????? ] adj.勇敢的
(27) destroy [ ???????? ] vt.破坏, 毁坏, 消灭 v.消灭, 摧毁
(28) capture [ ??????? ] n.捕获, 战利品 vt.俘获, 捕获, 夺取
(29) surrender [ ???????? ] vt.交出, 放弃, 使投降, 听任vi.投降, 自首
(30) commander [ ????????? ] n.司令官, 指挥官
(31) protest [ ???????? ] n.主张, 断言, 抗议 v.主张, 断言抗议
(32) arrest [ ?????? ] vt.逮捕, 拘留n.逮捕, 拘留
(33) stabbed v.刺,中伤,刺穿
(34) statue [ ???????? ] vt.以雕像装饰 n.雕像
(35) defend [ ??????? ] vt.防护, 辩护, 防卫
52 美国国家公园
DATE=6/18/01
TITLE=THIS IS AMERICA #1069 - National Parks
BYLINE=Jerilyn Watson
VOICE ONE:
Millions of people are spending part of their summer holiday visiting national parks in the United States. The National Park Service (1) operates almost four-hundred protected areas across the nation. I'm Sarah Long.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Steve Ember. America's National Park system is our report today on the VOA Special English program, THIS IS AMERICA.
((INSTEAD OF THEME, "GRAND CANYON SUITE"))
VOICE ONE:
Many Americans say it would not seem like summer without a visit to a national park. But conditions at some of the parks have caused President Bush to (2) announce plans for improvements.
The president recently proposed spending almost five-thousand-million dollars over five years for structural repairs at the parks. Bridges, visitor centers and other buildings would be improved. So would systems for heating, (3) electricity and safety.
Mister Bush also named Fran Mainella as the new National Park Service (4) director. She has been heading the state parks in Florida.
VOICE TWO:
The Bush Administration says the national parks need repairs to prevent harm to people, wildlife and natural areas. (5) Environmentalists had (6) criticized the (7) Administration for placing top importance on structural repairs. They say it is more important to improve air and water quality at the parks.
The administration now has decided to move ahead with a proposal made by (8) former President Clinton. This plan is aimed at improving air quality by (9) reducing pollution in many of the parks.
VOICE ONE:
Administration support and (10) federal money are extremely important to the National Park Service. The service was created in Nineteen-Sixteen as part of the Department of the (11) Interior. Today the National Park Service operates three-hundred-eighty-four protected areas across the nation. These include large areas that offer many activities. They also include monuments, seashores, historical areas, battlefields, rivers and walking (12) trails.
High gasoline prices have made car travel costly this summer. But officials say about two-hundred-eighty-five-million people will visit almost sixty major national parks this season.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
Visitors to America's national parks walk in the woods. They climb ropes, rocks and mountains. They swim, ride horses and visit underground caves. They attend classes about wildlife and history led by experts. They sleep outdoors in (13) temporary (14) shelters. They prepare food outdoors. They enjoy the beauty and wonders of nature.
The most popular national parks are the Great Smoky Mountains, the (15)Grand Canyon and (16) Yosemite. Almost eighteen-million people visited these places last year. About the same number are expected this year.
VOICE ONE:
The Great Smoky Mountains National Park is on the border between (17) North Carolina and (18) Tennessee. A (19) mist that looks like smoke usually covers the mountaintops. The trees help create the (20) dense wet atmosphere. Environmentalists hope new measures to improve air quality will reduce this substance. But until this happens, the mountains have earned their name.
More than ten-million people visit the Great Smoky Mountains each year. This is more than any other national park. Some of the mountains are about two-thousand meters high. About one-hundred-fifty kinds of trees grow in the park. People fish in many clear rivers. A number of these rivers have beautiful waterfalls.
The (21) Cherokee Indians were the first people to live in the Great Smoky Mountains. Later, the first white settlers built houses. Visitors can see some of these very old wooden cabins in the park.
VOICE TWO:
The Grand Canyon in Arizona may be the most famous national park in the United States. It (22) extends four-hundred-fifty kilometers along the Colorado River. Visitors enjoy this beautiful place in many ways. They stand near the edge and look over the (23) canyon. They walk or ride a (24) mule down into the canyon. They fly over it in helicopters or small airplanes. They ride in boats in the sometimes fast-moving waters of the Colorado River.
The Grand Canyon is huge, silent, peaceful and deep. Some visitors say it makes them think about their own very small place in the natural world.
VOICE ONE:
Yosemite National Park is in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. It has more than one-thousand kilometers of walking paths. Most of these trails lead upward to mountaintops, rivers and lakes of the High Sierra. Many animals live there, including bears and deer. Huge ancient (25) sequoia trees grow in Yosemite. A tree called the Grizzly Giant is two-thousand-seven-hundred years old. It is thought to be the oldest living sequoia tree in the world.
In Yosemite Valley, visitors see waterfalls pour down rock walls formed by ancient ice mountains. Bridalveil Falls and Yosemite Falls are among the most famous waterfalls. Huge rocks rise from the floor of the valley. One of these is called El Capitan. It is more than one-thousand meters high.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
People can also visit many historic places in the national park system. One of these is Alcatraz Island in northern California. It is in the Golden Gate National (26) Recreation Area in San Francisco Bay. In the Eighteen-Hundreds, the United States Army built a major defense center on the island. During the Civil War in the Eighteen-Sixties, this center helped protect San Francisco from the (27) Confederate army.
But Alcatraz is most famous as a (28) top-security federal prison. A few famous criminals like Al Capone served sentences there. The prison closed in Nineteen-Sixty-Three. Six years later a group of Native Americans (29) occupied the island for nineteen months. They seized the island to show the problems of American Indians.
VOICE ONE:
The Cape Cod National Seashore in Massachusetts is another national protected area. It is sixty-four kilometers long. There are no stores or other businesses. Visitors enjoy a peaceful ocean area. (30) Seagulls and other birds fly over sandy shores. Tall grass and wildflowers grow in the sand. One of the many swimming areas is close to a historic spot. In this area Guglielmo Marconi built radio towers in the early Nineteen-Hundreds. He successfully sent and received radio signals across the Atlantic Ocean with this equipment.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
The Chaco Culture National Historical Park in New Mexico protects the (31) ruins of a complex ancient civilization. The Chacoan culture began more than one-thousand-one-hundred years ago. The Chacoan people built huge houses. The largest of these contained more than six-hundred rooms. Experts believe the people used these buildings for ceremonies, meeting and trading.
The national park also protects the night sky above Chaco Canyon. The ancient Chacoan people observed the movement of planets and stars. This helped them plan ceremonies and design their buildings. Today park workers reduce lighting so visitors can get a clear look at the night skies.
VOICE ONE:
The Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park is in Ohio. It honors Orville and Wilbur Wright. They invented the first successful airplane. Visitors can see the building where the brothers operated their bicycle (32) manufacturing and printing businesses. It also is where they created plans for their airplane. They first flew it in North Carolina in Nineteen-Oh-Three.
The park also honors the Wright brothers' friend Paul Laurence Dunbar. Mister Dunbar was a famous African American writer of novels, poems, plays, and short stories.
The Wright brothers published a newspaper Mister Dunbar wrote for the African American (33) community. A memorial to Mister Dunbar is in the home he bought for his mother. Visitors can see historic objects including a bicycle made for him by Orville and Wilbur Wright.
VOICE TWO:
Americans hope the National Park Service will continue to operate and protect their special places. Composer Ferde Grofe (FUR-dee Grow-FAY) liked one of the parks so much that he wrote music about it. It is called the "Grand Canyon Suite."
(INSTEAD OF THEME, "GRAND CANYON SUITE"))
VOICE ONE:
This program was written by Jerilyn Watson. It was produced by George Grow. Our studio engineer was Keith Holmes. I'm Sarah Long.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week for another report about life in the United States on the VOA Special English program, THIS IS AMERICA.
(1) operate [????????] v.操作, 运转, 开动
(2) announce [???????] vt.宣布, 通告
(3) electricity [????????????] n. 电
(4) director [????????] n.导演 (团体)理事
(5) environmentalist [???????????????????] n.环境保护论者, 环境论者
(6) criticize [??????????] v.批评, 责备
(7) administration [???????????????] n.管理, 经营, 行政部门
(8) former [ ??????] adj.从前的, 以前的
(9) reduce [????????] vt.减少, 缩小
(10) federal [ ????????] adj.联邦的
(11) interior [?????????] adj.内部的, 内的
(12) trail [?????] n.踪迹, 痕迹, 形迹
(13) temporary [ ??????????] adj.暂时的, 临时的, 临时性
(14) shelter [??????] n.掩蔽处,掩蔽
(15) Grand Canyon n. (美)大峡谷
(16) Yosemite [??????????] (=National Park) (美国加利福尼亚州中部)约塞米蒂国 家公园
(17) North Carolina n.美国北卡罗来纳州
(18) Tennessee [?????????] n.田纳西州
(19) mist [????] n.薄雾
(20) dense [????] adj.密集的, 浓厚的
(21) cherokee [??????????] n.切罗基族人
(22) extend [????????] v.扩充, 延伸, 伸展
(23) canyon [ ???????] n.<美>峡谷, 溪谷
(24) mule [?????] n.骡子
(25) sequoia [???????] n.[植] 美洲杉
(26) recreation [???????????] n.消遣, 娱乐
(27) confederate army n. 联邦军
(28) top-security adj. 顶级安全的
(29) occupy [ ????????] vt.占, 占用, 占领, 占据
(30) seagull [ ???????] n.海鸥
(31) ruin [????] n.废墟, 遗迹
(32) manufacturing [???????????????] n.制造业
(33) community [???????????] n.公社, 团体, 社会
53 乡村卫生保健培训员伊莎贝尔
DATE=6-18-01
TITLE=DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Health Care Training for Native Villages BYLINE=Marilyn Christiano
(Start at 1'03") This is Bill White with the VOA Special English DEVELOPMENT REPORT.
Many countries have a (1) continuing need to provide health care in distant villages. The Medical Mission Sisters is an international organization that helps with this. It began seventy-five years ago. The Roman Catholic workers help provide health care training for people who are not served by modern hospitals, doctors and medicines.
Isabel Harmon has been a Medical Mission Sister for fifty years, many of them in Africa. She is living in Oaxaca, Mexico, now. Sister Isabel helps with a training program in the city of Oaxaca for (2) representatives from villages of native people. It teaches these health care (3) promoters how to help themselves and others in the villages improve their health.
Sister Isabel spends about three days a week, much of the year, traveling to the distant villages by bus, (4) mule and foot. There she continues the training.
For example, she teaches people how to make (5) vitamins their bodies need to be healthy. Their villages are too high in the mountains to grow vegetables that usually provide these vitamins. So she teaches people to cook a common plant, (6) garlic that has been smashed. Then the yellow part of eggs is added and the mixture is dried in the sun. Next, the nuts, (7) almonds and (8) pecans, are smashed and added. The mixture then is put into small vitamin (9) capsules that can be (10) swallowed. People take one each day with their usual diet of (11) tortillas and beans.
During the training program, the health care promoters are taught traditional native healing methods. Such knowledge as the medical use of common plants is often lost when local medicine men and women die. For example, (12) basil is used in many countries to add taste to foods. But traditionally the leaves of the plant have been used to help heal (13) sore throats, ear problems, muscle pain, headache and stomach pain. For stomach pain, the leaves are cooked in water and the liquid drunk. For an earache, the oil from the leaves is dropped in the ear.
Sister Isabel has helped produce a book that (14) describes common plants in the Oaxaca area and explains how they can be used for healing. She hopes the idea of developing a guidebook of medical plants will spread so people in many countries can improve their own medical care.
This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Marilyn Christiano. This is Bill White.
(1) continuing [???????????] adj.继续的， 连续的， 持续的
(2) representative [???????????????] n.代表
(3) promoter [?????????] n.促进者, 助长者
(4) mule [?????] n.骡子
(5) vitamin [????????] n.维他命
(6) garlic [???????] n.[植]大蒜, 蒜头
(7) almond [ ???????] n.[植]杏仁
(8) pecan [??????] n.[植]美洲山核桃
(9) capsule [?????????] n.胶囊
(10) swallow [???????] vi.吞下
(11) tortilla [????????] n.玉米粉圆饼
(12) basil [?????] n.罗勒, 罗勒属植物
(13) sore throats 喉痛
(14) describe [?????????] vt.描写, 记述, 形容, 形容 v.描述
